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The metric system is an internationally agreed decimal system of measurement created in France in
1799. The International System of Units (SI), the official system of measurement in almost every country
in the world, is based upon the metric system. While the metric system was lawfully accepted for use in
the United States in 1866, the US has not adopted the metric system as its "official" system of
measurement. The US English System of measurement grew out of the manner in which people secured
measurements using body parts and familiar objects.
2. Fundamental units are those physical quantities that cannot be expressed in terms other quantities. It
is an independent quantity. For example: Length, mass, time, temperature, electric current, amount of
substance. Derived units are those physical quantities that are derived from the combination of
fundamental quantities. It is a dependent quantity. For example: a unit of speed is a derived unit. It can
be derived from the fundamental units of length and time.
3. Accuracy refers to the closeness of a measured value to a standard or known value. Precision refers to
the closeness of two or more measurements to each other.
4. The vernier caliper is a visual aid that allows to measure the internal and the external diameters of an
object. Instrument that measures the thickness or the diameter of relatively small parts; it produces
finer results than a vernier caliper. Basically, the parameter deciding how appropriate an instrument is
before being used in a particular situation is its LEAST COUNT. The usual least count of a vernier calipers
is usually 0.1mm and a typical micrometer has a precision of 0.01 mm.