COMMUNICATION

BARRIERS TO E
DEFINITION
The process by which a person , group , organization (the sender) transmits some type of information
(the messages) to another group or organization (the receiver) * Poor Listening
- People spend a lot time commun
- This include manager himself and
* Noise
- Noise relates to any factor that in
COMMUNICATION PROCESS COMPONENTS reaching the receiver in the way is
* Information overload
- Individuals can experience inform
information at one time.
* Language characteristic
- Many words/phrases are impreci
interpretation of same word and d
MESSAGES AND CHANNEL * Gender difference
SENDER AND ENCODING
MESSAGE - Since males and females are ofte
SENDER develop different perspective, atti
a) Tangible form coded symbol intend to give
a) Initiates communication process by encoding meaning to information or data. * Trust and credibilty
meaning and sending through a channel -Without trust the communicating
b) Purpose to convey
ENCODING tactic, rather than conveying and u
CHANNEL
a) Conversion message to symbolic form
a) The carrier of message means by which msg is
b )Enoding trnslate sender's idea to syatematic sent.
set of symbols or language expressing
commicator's purpose b) Medium of the msg travel eg: face expression,
conversation, picture, diagram, figures, charts

OVERCOMING BARRIE

SENDER ENCODING MESSAGE DECODING RECEIVER

* Obtain feedback
 SENDER ENCODING MESSAGE DECODING RECEIVER
* Obtain feedback
-Managers or individual could encou
repeat the message or express actio
CHANNEL NOISE * Use simple language
It will be good for managers to use s
COMMUNICATION FEEDBACK stood by all.
* Recognised emotion
Manager must be able to pin point t
NOISE AND FEEDBACK statement they said
NOISE * Do not make own conclusion
DECODING AND RECEIVER Manager or individuals need to liste
a) Any internal or external interference or * Avoid Noise
DECODING distraction with intended msg that cause
a) A receiver's translation of a sender's msg. distortion in sending & receive msg. To avoid noise, one must identify its
place in a crowd, noisy area
b) Decoding translation received msg. into FEEDBACK * Understand verbal & non verbal l
interpreted meaning. a) Process of verifiying receiver's attempt to - Managers should understand indiv
RECEIVER ensure msg was decoded what sender really gesture.
a) Receiving person or group must make sense meant to convey.
of information. b) The degree which carry out work activities
required job result in individual's direct and clear
information to effective performance.

The grapevine
▪ Informal method of transmitting information depicted as the
wanderingof message throughout the organization
▪ Oppotunistic and informal paths for communication that arise from
the social relationship that evolve organization.
INFORMAL COMMUNICATION
Single Strand
In this grapevine, Mr A, tell Mr B something abt the org
everyone else in the line. As the information reaches M
communication is the least accurate in chanelling infor
another
Gossip
This chain is often use to convey information that is inte
interesting to hear. As such as Mr Ahears it, he quickly c
even boss.
Probability
In this grapevine an individual may not be interesting b
information to an individual groups who need to know
who gets the news may tell others at random or may n
Cluster
In this chain of communication, a person may convey in
individual then pass on the information to few selected
trying to obtain some favor.

INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION CATEGORIES
Cluster
In this chain of communication, a person may convey in
individual then pass on the information to few selected
trying to obtain some favor.
The information convey usually interesting, job related

* Telephone * Employee publications

* Group meeting * Fax machines
* Formal presentation * Bulletin board
*Memos * Audio and videotapes
* Traditional Mail * Computer conferenceing
* Teleconferencing * Face to Face
* E-mail
* Hotlines
* Voice mail
COMMUNICA
* Videoconferencing
 COMMUNICATION
Downward communication
* Message sent from individual higher levels to lower level.
* flows from superior to subordinates.
* Provides direction and control from employees
* Effective downward communication prevent confusion and dis
* Most common purpose to transmit information and insturct em
* The more link in their chain, the grater likelihood of communic

Vertical Communication
* The flow of information both up and down the chain command.

Upward communication
* Message sent up the line subordnates to manager
* flows from subordinates to superiors.
* Most common purpose to provide feedback on how well thing
FORMAL COMMUNICATION * As information flow up the line, it is compiled, examined, redu
* Good news tend to rise, bad news filtered out.

Horizontal/Lateral Comminication
* The flow of information that occurs both within and between
* Effective organization encourage horizontal communication b
Coordination, Collaboration, Cooperation.
* Lateral communication flows place between people same lev
* Most common purpose is to promote coordination and team

* Cross communication occurs between people who are neithe

Horizontal/Lateral Comminication
* Potential problem with diagonal/cross and lateral communic
- Can cause inter organization friction or misunderstanding
 Horizontal/Lateral Comminication
* The flow of information that occurs both within and between
* Effective organization encourage horizontal communication b
Coordination, Collaboration, Cooperation.
* Lateral communication flows place between people same lev
* Most common purpose is to promote coordination and team

* Cross communication occurs between people who are neithe

* Potential problem with diagonal/cross and lateral communic

- Can cause inter organization friction or misunderstanding
- May undermine/weaken the authority of one's own boss

MORE EFFECIVE LISTENNG LESS EFFECTIVE LISTENING INDIVIDUALSKILL

Develop good listening
Active and focus Passive and laid back
Easily Distracted Encourage two way communication
Pay attention
Ask question Ask no question Beware of language and meaning
Keep open mind Keep close mind Maintain creability
Assimilates information Disregards information Be sensitif to receivers pesrpective
Be sensitif be sender perspective
 BARRIERS TO EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION

* Poor Listening
- People spend a lot time communicate to others yet many individual is poor listener.
- This include manager himself and employee.
* Noise
- Noise relates to any factor that interferes, confuse and disturb the message from
reaching the receiver in the way is intended.
* Information overload
- Individuals can experience information overload when they asked to handle too much
information at one time.
* Language characteristic
- Many words/phrases are imprecise. Indiviuals often use different meaning or
interpretation of same word and do not realize it.
* Gender difference
- Since males and females are often treated differently from childhood they tend to
develop different perspective, attitude about life and communication style.
* Trust and credibilty
-Without trust the communicating process concerntrate their energies on defensive
tactic, rather than conveying and understanding meaning.

OVERCOMING BARRIERS TO EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION

* Obtain feedback
* Obtain feedback
-Managers or individual could encourage receiver by asking them to ask question,
repeat the message or express action.
* Use simple language
It will be good for managers to use simple language & words that are common & easily
stood by all.
* Recognised emotion
Manager must be able to pin point the feelings of employees behind words and
statement they said
* Do not make own conclusion
Manager or individuals need to listen the full story before make decision.
* Avoid Noise
To avoid noise, one must identify its cause or sources. example: a phone should not be
place in a crowd, noisy area
* Understand verbal & non verbal languange
- Managers should understand individuals facial expression, clothes, posture and
gesture.
trand
pevine, Mr A, tell Mr B something abt the organization. Mr B, then tells it to Mr C, Mr D, Mr E and
else in the line. As the information reaches Mr J the news already inaccurate. In fact, this chain of
cation is the least accurate in chanelling information because information that move one to one

is often use to convey information that is interesting and is non-job-related. The news must be
to hear. As such as Mr Ahears it, he quickly conveys it to as many people, relatives, friends, and

ity
pevine an individual may not be interesting but useful to some people. He will only relate the
on to an individual groups who need to know and will benefit from the news. The other people
the news may tell others at random or may not convey to other people.

ain of communication, a person may convey information to a few chosen individuals. These
then pass on the information to few selected whom they trust or choosen individual who they
obtain some favor.
ain of communication, a person may convey information to a few chosen individuals. These
then pass on the information to few selected whom they trust or choosen individual who they
obtain some favor.
mation convey usually interesting, job related and most up to date.

COMMUNICATION
 d communication
sent from individual higher levels to lower level.
m superior to subordinates.
irection and control from employees
ownward communication prevent confusion and distortion.
mon purpose to transmit information and insturct employee to perform their job.
link in their chain, the grater likelihood of communication distortion

ommunication
sent up the line subordnates to manager
m subordinates to superiors.
mon purpose to provide feedback on how well things going.
ation flow up the line, it is compiled, examined, reduced, and passed on.
ws tend to rise, bad news filtered out.

tal/Lateral Comminication
w of information that occurs both within and between departments.
e organization encourage horizontal communication because it increase :
ation, Collaboration, Cooperation.
ommunication flows place between people same level of hierarchy.
mmon purpose is to promote coordination and teamwork.

mmunication occurs between people who are neither in same department nor on thesame level hierarchy.

al problem with diagonal/cross and lateral communication :

use inter organization friction or misunderstanding
tal/Lateral Comminication
w of information that occurs both within and between departments.
e organization encourage horizontal communication because it increase :
ation, Collaboration, Cooperation.
ommunication flows place between people same level of hierarchy.
mmon purpose is to promote coordination and teamwork.

mmunication occurs between people who are neither in same department nor on thesame level hierarchy.

al problem with diagonal/cross and lateral communication :

use inter organization friction or misunderstanding
ndermine/weaken the authority of one's own boss

INDIVIDUALSKILL ORGANIZATIONAL SKIL

Develop good listening Follow up
Encourage two way communication Regulate information flow
Beware of language and meaning Understand the richness of media
Maintain creability
Be sensitif to receivers pesrpective
Be sensitif be sender perspective