PREFACE

With all the praise and thanks to God the Almighty, who has given His
love and mercy so that a paper entitled "ADJECTIVE/ADVERB CONFUSION" can
we finish well.

Thanks for the support and motivation from also to friends who have
contributed their ideas and motivation for writing this paper.

We are fully aware that the many flaws in the writing of this paper, in
terms of material, technical and presentation material. Therefore, we expect
criticism and constructive suggestions to further refine the writing of this paper.
Finally, we hope that the writing of this paper can be useful for readers.

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 Table of Contents

PREFACE ...................................................................................................... 1

Table of Contents ............................................................................................ 2

CHAPTER I ................................................................................................... 3

INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................... 3

1.1. Background ..................................................................................... 3

1.2. Formulation of The Problem .......................................................... 3
1.3. Student Goals................................................................................... 3

CHAPTER II .................................................................................................. 4

THEORY AND DISCUSION ....................................................................... 4

2.1. Modifiers Adjective/Adverb Confusion ......................................... 4

2.2. Part of Speech ................................................................................. 14

CHAPTER III ................................................................................................ 16

CONCLUDES ................................................................................................. 16

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 Chapter I
Introduction

1.1. Background

Each field of language certainly has a sentence structure that has a sentence structure
that hass its own characteristics with one other. Studying the basic sentence structure
in understanding what patterns are formed therein as well as various things that will
relate to the struceture of course, must be learned especially for beginners language
leaners. Likewise in learning english, mastering the understanding of the basic
structure of sentences is very important because it can be likened to a foundation in
learning further english material. Then for this reason, discussed about
adective/adverb confusion which is parts of forming the basic structure of santences
in english. This paper is from completing the material.

1.2. FORMULATION OF THE PROBLEM

1. What is the difference between adjective and adverb confusion?
2. What are the uses of adjective and adverb confusion?

1.3. STUDENT GOALS

Students know what is meant by adjective and adverb confusion and students know
the differences and their uses

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 Chapter II
Theory and Discusion

2.1. MODIFIERS-ADJECTIVE/ADVERB CONFUSION

Adjective moditty nouns (N) and pronouns.
ADJ N ADJ N
His recent accident caused a sudden change in his behavior.
PRON ADJ
He is intalligent.
2. Adverbs modify verbs (V).
VERB ADV. VERB
He had an accident recently. And his behavior changed
ADJ.
Suddenly.
VERBS ADV.
He spoke intellegently.
3. Adverbs also modify adjectives.
ADV. ADJ.
He grew an especially smail tree.
ADV. ADJ.
He was a hightly motivated young man.
ADV. ADJ.
It was a cleverly planned operation.
4. Adverbs also modify other adverbs.
ADV. ADV.
She could run very quickly.
NOTES :

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a. Most adverbs end in-ly.
b. Some words have the same form for the adjective and adverb :
Adjective Adverb
Late late
Fast fast
Hard hard
(Do not add-ly to these words)
c. The adverb for the adjective good is well.

 Adjective adverb confusion

Adjectives and adverbs are often confused and therefore misused. To modify a noun or
pronoun, use an adjective. To modify a verb, an adjective, or an adverb, use an adverb
instead.
Adjective: this cheap scarf is no bargain
Adverb: this scarf can be purchased cheaply

Similar Forms of adjectives and adverbs many adverbs end in ly, but some adjectives do
as well. Do not mistake adjectives such as ugly, friendly, motherly for adverbs. Some
words can be used as adjective or adverb. Examples include daily, fast, late, likely, long,
low, much, short, slow, and very. Position these words carefully because where they appear
in a sentence will determine whether they are read as adjectives or adverbs
Adjective: He reads his daily horoscope
Adverb: He reads his horoscope daily

Predicate adjective
Use adjective, not adverbs after linking verbs(e.g., be, become, seem) and verbs that refer
to sensory experience (e.g., feel, taste, smell)
Incorrect: the cake tastes deliciously
Correct: the cake tastes delicious.

Adverb as Adjective modifiers

Use adverbs not adjective to modify adjectives.
Incorrect: the amazing ordinary woman
Correct: the amazingly ordinary woman.
In the first sentence, the woman seems to defy logic by being both amazing and ordinary.
The correct example makes clear that the woman’s ordinariness is what is so amazing.

 Adjective and Adverb

Understanding and use of adjective and adverb
Adjective is a word used to describe nous or pronouns which can be people, places of interest,
objects or abstract concepts.

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Contoh:
She’s an excellent singer.
I’ve got a new apartment.
Adverb changes the verb, the adverb describing how something is done.
Contoh:
She learns quickly.
You can speak English well.
Adjective can be placed before nouns
Contoh:
This is a beautiful bird.
“This is a bird beautiful.” Not true

Adjectives provide information such as size (small, large), shape (round, square) , color
(yellow, green), nationality (Chinese, Poland) and opinion(good, bad). Adjective does not
change depending on the amount ( singular or plural)
Contoh:
She has a cute puppy.
She has three cute puppies.
Note that adjective (cute) not undergoing changes in either singular (puppy) or plural
(puppies).
Adjective can also be placed after certain verbs such as be, feel, look, dan taste.
Contoh:
I’m really happy today.
She’s got a new job so she feels great.
You look wonderful!
This chicken tastes delicious.

Adverb is an adverb. Adverb and adjective have something in common. When viewed in terms
of the philosophy of language, these two words begin with the word “ad”, which may mean
“add” or additions. If adjective adds clarity to the nouns, adverb adds clarity to the verbs.

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1. in many cases, adverb can be fomed by simply adding “ly” to the adjective.
Example :
Adjective
Adverb
Quick
Quickly
Bad
Badly
General
Generally
Accurate
Accuratelly
Brave
Bravely

Quick (adjective) – He’s quick at learning new things.

Quickly (adverb) – He learns quickly.
Bad (adjective) – He didn’t get a bad test score.
Badly (adverb) – He didn’t do badly in his test.
Fluent (adjective) – Her English is fluent
Fluently (adverb) – She can speak English fluently

2. for adverbs formed from adjectives ending in “y” replace “y” with “I” and add “ly” .
Example:
Adjective
Adverb
Easy

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Easily
Happy
Happily
Angry
Angrily
Lazy
Lazily
Ready
Readily

Easy (adjective) - He thinks math is easy.

Easily (adverb) - He can do math easily.
Happy (adjective) - He’s a happy man.
Happily (adverb) - He works happily every day.

3. for adverb formed from adjectives ending in the letter “le” replace “le” with “ ly” .
Example:
Adjective
Adverb
Possible
Possibly
Horrible
Horribly
Understandable
Understandably
Simple
Simply

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Simple (adjective) - The teacher makes difficult things simple.
Simply (adverb) - He teaches simply and clearly.

4. if adjective ends with ‘-ic’, add ‘-ally’.

Example:
Adjective
Adverb
Basic
Basically
Tragic
Tragically

Some adverbs are the same as adjectives.

Contoh:
He runs fast (adverb) - He’s a fast runner. (adjective)
He studies hard. (adverb) - It’s a hard life. (adjective)
Adverb untuk “good” adalah “well“.
Example:
She’s a good pianist.
She plays the piano well.
Adverb juga bisa mengubah adjective dan adverb-adverb lainnya.
Example:
That’s a good book.
That’s a very good book.
She’s a talented girl.
She’s an incredibly talented girl.
You’re right!
You’re absolutely right!

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Some adjectives don’t change shape. in other words, the form adverb is the same as adjective.
Contoh:
Adjective
Adverb
Fast
Fast
Straight
Straight
Hard
Hard
Early
Early
Half
Half

 An adjective is a word or set of words that modifies (i.e., describes) a noun or pronoun.
Adjectives may come before the word they modify.
Examples:
-That is a cute puppy.
-She likes a high school senior.

Adjectives may also follow the word they modify:

Examples:
-That puppy looks cute.
-The technology is state-of-the-art.

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An adverb is a word or set of words that modifies verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs. Adverbs
answer how,when, where, why, or to what extent—how often or how much (e.g., daily,
completely).
Examples:
-He speaks slowly (tells how)
-He speaks very slowly (the adverb very tells how slowly)
-She arrived today (tells when)
-She will arrive in an hour (this adverb phrase tells when)
-Let's go outside (tells where)
-We looked in the basement (this adverb phrase tells where)
-Bernie left to avoid trouble (this adverb phrase tells why)
-Jorge works out strenuously (tells to what extent)
-Jorge works out whenever possible (this adverb phrase tells to what extent)

Adjectives and adverbs are often confused and therefore misused. To modify a noun or
pronoun, use an adjective. To modify a verb, an adjective, or an adverb, use an adverb instead.
Adjective: This cheap scarf is no bargain.
Adverb: This scarf can be purchased cheaply.

Similar Forms of Adjectives and Adverbs

Many adverbs end in ly, but some adjectives do as well. Do not mistake adjectives such as
ugly, friendly, and motherly for adverbs.
Some words can be used as adjectives or adverbs. Examples include daily, fast, late, likely,
long, low, much, short, slow, and very. Position these words carefully because where they
appear in a sentence will determine whether they are read as adjectives or adverbs.
Adjective: He reads his daily horoscope.
Adverb: He reads his horoscope daily.
Predicate Adjectives

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Use adjectives, not adverbs, after linking verbs (e.g., be, become, seem) and verbs that refer
to sensory experience (e.g., feel, taste, smell).
Incorrect: The cake tastes deliciously.
Correct: The cake tastes delicious.
Adverbs as Adjective Modifiers
Use adverbs, not adjectives, to modify adjectives.
Incorrect: the amazing ordinary woman
Correct: the amazingly ordinary woman

Adjectives ending in –ly

Most adverbs end in -ly. There are also some adjectives ending in -ly. Examples are: costly,
cowardly, deadly, friendly, likely, lively, lonely, lovely, silly, ugly etc.
• She is a lovely girl. (Here lovely is an adjective. It modifies the noun girl.)
• I love his friendly nature. (Here the adjective friendly modifies the noun nature.)
There are no adverbs friendly / friendlily, lovely / lovelily etc.
Some words can be used both as adjectives and as adverbs. Examples are: daily, weekly,
monthly, yearly, early, leisurely etc.
• We should catch an early train. (Here early is an adjective. It modifies the noun train.)
• I got up early. (Here early is an adverb. It modifies the verb got up.)
Adjectives and adverbs with the same form
Some adjectives and adverbs have the same form. Examples are: fast and hard.
• A fast car goes fast.
• If you do hard work, you work hard.
In some cases, the adverb may have two forms: one like the adjective and the other ending in
-ly. There is usually a difference of meaning or use.
Examples are: dead and deadly, fine and finely, free and freely, hard and hardly etc.
The adverb dead is used in some expressions to mean ‘exactly’ or ‘very’.
• He was dead drunk.
Note that deadly is an adjective meaning ‘fatal’. The adverb for this meaning is fatally.
• She was fatally injured in the accident. (NOT She was deadly injured in the accident.)

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It can sometimes be difficult to tell the difference between adjectives and adverbs in a
sentence. You must ask yourself what word the modifier is modifying. If the modified word
is a noun, the modifier is an adjective. If the modified word is a verb, adjective, or adverb, the
modifier is an adverb.
• To complete a sentence correctly, you need to determine whether the sentence needs an
adjective or an adverb.
• Cheetahs are speedy animals. (adjective modifying animal)
Cheetahs run speedily. (adverb modifying the verb run)
• One area of confusion can be when an adjective is modifying a noun that is acting as an
adjective.
• That is my brother. (My is an adjective modifying the noun brother.)
My brother's bike is broken. (My is still an adjective modifying the noun brother, but now
brother is a possessive noun acting as an adjective modifying bike.)
• Many people unintentionally use adjectives to describe verbs. Make sure in your writing
to use adjectives to modify nouns and pronouns and adverbs to modify verbs, adjectives, and
other adverbs.
• The boys walked slow toward their classroom. (incorrect)
The boys walked slowly toward their classroom. (correct)

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2.2. PART OF SPEECH:
 ADVERB OF MANNER
Adverb of manner is a group of words used to explain the subject’s way of doing
something / action, where the group of words is the result of forming adjectives by
adding the suffix “ly” and basically placed in front of the verb (verb).

Example:
She smiles sweetly
Heb eats rice quickly
They will go there by plane tomorrow

That is not limited to words that end in “yes” but we can also use other words that have
the same meaning in providing information, for example: by plane, by bus, on foot
(walking) and others.

 ADVERB OF TIME
Adverb of time is an adverb used to show time consisting of two parts:
A. Adverbs of indefinite time
It is an adverb used to indicate and undefined time and is generally placed after
the subject and after the auxiliary verb/ auxiliary verb.
Example: after subject
She never love his
He never loved him
He has never said goodbye

Example: after the auxiliary verb

I shall never visit him again
I will never visit him again
He say always go far from here.

Words included in this group:

Always
Ever
Never
Soon
In very short time
Often
Several times, some time, etc

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 B. Adverbs of definite time
Is an adverbs that is used to show a detailed time/ certain.
Example:
She will arrive tomorrow
He will arrive tomorrow
He went back yesterday
He came home yesterday
Words that belong to this group:
Yesterday
Five o’clock
Last week
To day
This morning
Just new, etc

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 Chapter III
Concludes

A. CONCLUSION
Has clearly been explained about what is adjective and adverb confusion and it’s uses and
differences.
This is because of the appropriateness in speaking and understanding conversation.
For beginners to learn to be able to use adjective and adverb confusion where they are used.

B. SUGGETION
Learning English certainly has no meaning if it is not applied in daily conversation so that
the material presented in this paper is a theory to be able to be applied by students in the
learning process.

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