Fuel and combustion

1. Paddy husk is being used as a fuel in a water tube boiler. The ultimate analysis of fuel is
given below. Calculate the theoretical quantity of air required for complete combustion and
also compute the quantity of CO2, H2O and SO2 generated per 100 kg of fuel. The ultimate
analysis of paddy husk is given below

Ultimate analysis of paddy husk %

Moisture 10.8
Mineral Matter 16.7
Carban 34
Hydrogen 5
Nitrogen 0.9
Sulphur 0.1
Oxygen 32.5
GCV (kcal/kg) 3570

2. The specification of furnace oil from lab analysis is given below,

Carbon 82.7%
Hydrogen 14.5%
water 0.45
Sulphur 0.8
Oxygen 0.9
Ash content 0.65

If actual mass of air supplied to the furnace is 16.5 kg/kg of furnace oil, calculate the % of excess
air supplied to the furnace.
For combustion of 500 lit/hr of furnace oil, estimate combustion air quantity per hour with 20%
excess air. Specific gravity of furnace oil 0.95. (Fuel analysis: C - 84%, H -12%, S - 3% O - 1%)

Calculate the Stoichiometric (kg) amount of air required for the following liquid fuel.
Constituents % By weight

Carbon 85.9

Hydrogen 12

Oxygen 0.7

Nitrogen 0.5

Sulphur 0.5

H2O 0.35

Ash 0.05

GCV of fuel : 10880 kCal/kg

Calculation for Requirement of Theoretical Amount of Air

Consider a sample of 100 kg of fuel.

Explain the difference between Flash Point and Pour Point of a liquid fuel?

What is the significance of volatile matters in case of solid fuels being used for combustion?

(i) State the stochiometric combustion equation for Methane.

(ii) how many kg of Carbon Dioxide are generated by complete combustion of 1 kg of Methane?

(iii) how many kg of water are generated by complete combustion of 1 kg of Methane?

What parameters are analyzed in a proximate analysis of coal?

What is meant by excess air in combustion systems and discuss the importance of optimum excess air.

What is the predominant Hydrocarbon present in the LPG? Calculate the Theoretical air required for
complete combustion of 1 kg of propane with 0.04% Oxygen

Explain the significance of the ultimate analysis of the fuels from the combustion point of view

Calculate the theoretical air requirements for CH4 on mass basis and percentage volume of CO2 (on dry
basis) in flue gas. If the actual measured value of percentage of CO2 in flue gas is 10%, estimate excess
air ratio
Discuss need of providing excess air for combustion. What is the disadvantage of providing too much of
excess air

Enumerate reasons for incomplete combustions of solid, liquid and gaseous fuels.

What is draft in combustion system? Explain briefly the different types of draft.

What is ‘excess air’ and why is it required for ‘combustion’ in a boiler?

How to control ‘excess air’?

Define ‘specific gravity’ for a fuel

Comment on blending different qualities of coal feeding the boiler?

Explain viscosity, specific heat, GCV and NCV

What is the main disadvantage of sulphur presence in any fuel?

How moisture content in coal derived in a laboratory?

What is the laboratory procedure for the measurement of Volatile matter for coal?

Give the empirical relationship to convert ‘proximate analysis’ to ‘ultimate analysis’ of with regard

to coal.

What is the function of ‘draft’ in a boiler? Enumerate the different types of draft available for a

boiler?

Describe the working of an oil fired burner covering the following points.

a) atomization of fuel

b) primary and secondary air circuit

c) burner turndown ratio

Mention the means of storage of furnace oil in any industry. Also mention the safety precautions to

be taken during storage

Write short notes on ‘combustion control’ for boiler. Also describe the different types ‘combustion

controls’?

List out the effect of ‘ash content’ in liquid fuels?

Arrange the following fuels in the ascending order of their ‘calorific value’.
(HSD, coal, paddy husk)

What are the two ways of preheating the storage tanks used for LSHS?

What is the important characteristic that distinctly highlights a good burner design?

What is the primary function of a burner application for liquid fuels?

Give the empirical relationship to convert ‘proximate analysis’ to ‘ultimate analysis’ of with regard

to coal.
Assume the stochiometric (theoretical) air to fuel ratio of furnace oil is 14. The burner operates
at 20% excess air. Calculate the mass of stack gas generated from combustion of one
kg of oil.

Mass of air + mass of fuel = mass of stack gas

1.2 x 14 + 1 = 17.8 kg