David Cope

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For the South African rugby union player, see Davey Cope.
David Cope (born May 17, 1941 in San Francisco, California) is an American author,
composer, scientist, and former professor of music at the University of California,
Santa Cruz. His primary area of research involves artificial intelligence and
music; he writes programs and algorithms that can analyse existing music and create
new compositions in the style of the original input music. He taught a summer
Workshop in Algorithmic Computer Music that was open to the public (but not free)
as well as a general education course entitled Artificial Intelligence and Music
for enrolled UCSC students. Cope is also cofounder and CTO Emeritus of Recombinant
Inc, a music technology company.[citation needed]

Contents
1 Inventions
2 Composition
3 Bibliography
3.1 Books
3.2 Articles and chapters
3.2.1 Published articles
4 Discography
5 See also
6 References
7 Further reading
8 External links
8.1 Listening
Inventions
Cope is the inventor of US Patent #7696426 Recombinant Music Composition Algorithm
and Method of Using the Same.

Composition
His EMI (Experiments in Musical Intelligence) software has produced works in the
style of various composers, some of which have been commercially recorded (Cockrell
2001)�ranging from short pieces to full length operas.[citation needed]

His subsequent Emily Howell program models musical creativity based on the types of
creativity outlined by Margaret Boden in her book The Creative Mind: Myths and
Mechanisms.[citation needed]

As a composer, Cope's own work has encompassed a variety of styles�from the

traditional to the avant-garde�and techniques, such as unconventional manners of
playing, experimental musical instrument, and microtonal scales, including a 33-
note system of just intonation he developed himself (Cockrell 2001). Most recently,
all of his original compositions have been written in collaboration with the
computer�based on an input of his earlier works. He seeks a synergy between
composer creativity and computer algorithm as his principal creative direction.
[citation needed]

Bibliography
He has published a wide range of books, which are often used as textbooks. New
Directions in Music is currently in its 7th Edition and is the standard text for
contemporary music. In 2009 David Cope was interviewed by the media in anticipation
of the release of a CD containing music composed collaboratively by Mr. Cope and
Emily Howell, a computer program.

Cope has also published a series of detective novels under a pseudonym (Cope n.d.).
Books
Cope, David (1991). Computers and Musical Style. Madison, WI: A-R Editions.
Cope, David (1996). Experiments in Musical Intelligence. Madison, WI: A-R Editions.
Cope, David (1997). Techniques of the Contemporary Composer. New York City:
Schirmer Books. ISBN 0-02-864737-8.
Cope, David (2000). New Directions in Music, 7th ed. Prospect Heights, Illinois:
Waveland Press. ISBN 1-57766-108-7.
Cope, David (2000). The Algorithmic Composer. Madison, WI: A-R Editions.
Cope, David (2001). Virtual Music: Computer Synthesis of Musical Style. Cambridge,
Massachusetts: The MIT Press. ISBN 0-262-53261-1.
Cope, David (2006). Computer Models of Musical Creativity. Cambridge, MA: MIT
Press.
Cope, David (2008). Hidden Structure: Music Analysis Using Computers. Madison, WI:
A-R Editions. ISBN 978-0-89579-640-0.
Cope, David (2012). A Musicianship Primer San Francisco. Epoc Books. ISBN 978-
1477687864.
Articles and chapters
1992. "A Computer Model of Music Composition." In Machine Models of Music, Stephan
Schwanauer and David Levitt, eds.: MIT Press.
1992. "On the Algorithmic Representation of Musical Style." In Musical
Intelligence, M. Balaban, K. Ebcioglu, and O. Laske, eds. : AAAI Press.
1998. "Signatures and Earmarks: Computer Recognition of Patterns in Music.." In
Melodic Similarity, Concepts, Procedures, and Applications. Walter B. Hewlett and
Eleanor Selfridge-Field (eds.). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Published articles
1987. "Experiments in Music Intelligence." In Proceedings of the International
Computer Music Conference, San Francisco: Computer Music Assn.
1987. "An Expert System for Computer-Assisted Music Composition." Computer Music
Journal 11,4 (Winter): 30�46.
1988. "Music and LISP." AI Expert 3,3 (March): 26�34.
1988. "Music: The Universal Language." In Proceedings of the First Workshop on AI
and Music. Minneapolis/St. Paul, MN: AAAI: 87�98.
1989. "Experiments in Musical Intelligence (EMI): Non-Linear Linguistic-based
Composition." Interface Vol. 18: 117�139.
1990. "Pattern Matching as an Engine for the Computer Simulation of Musical Style."
In Proceedings of the 1990 ICMC. San Fran Computer Music Assn
1991. "Recombinant Music." COMPUTER. (July).
1991. "Computer Simulations of Musical Style." Computers in Music Research, The
Queens University of Belfast, 7�10 (April): 15�17.
1992. "Computer Modeling of Musical Intelligence in Experiments in Musical
Intelligence." Computer Music Journal 16,2 (Summer): 69�83.
1993. "Virtual Music." Electronic Musician, 9:5 (May): 80�85.
1996. "Mimesis du style et de la structure musicale." Symposium on Composition,
Modelisation et Ordinateur. IRCAM, Paris: 21-3.
1997. "Composer's Underscoring Environment." In Proceedings of the International
Computer Music Conference. San Fran: Computer Music Assn.
1997. "The Composer's Underscoring Environment: CUE." Computer Music Journal 21/3
(Fall).
1999. "One Approach to Musical Intelligence." Intelligent Systems. Los Alamitos,
CA: IEEE Computer Society (14/3, May/June).
2000. "Facing the Music: Perspectives on Machine Composed Music." Leonardo Music
Journal 9: 79�87.
2002. "Computer Analysis and Composition Using Atonal Voice-Leading Techniques."
Perspectives of New Music 40/1 (Winter): 121�146.
2003. "Computer Analysis of Musical Allusions." Computer Music Journal 27/1: 11�28.
2004. " A Musical Learning Algorithm." Computer Music Journal 28/3: 12�27.
2006. "The Vivaldi Code" Wired, Issue 14. September 9, 2006
Discography
1993. Bach by Design. Centaur Records. CRC 2184
1997. Classical Music Composed by Computer. Centaur Records. CRC 2329
1997. Virtual Mozart. Centaur Records. CRC 2452
1999. Towers. Vienna Modern Masters. VMM 2024
2003. Virtual Bach. Centaur Records. CRC 2619
2009. From Darkness, Light (Emily Howell). Centaur Records. CRC 3023
2011. Symphony No. 4. Epoc. B008J5IK78
2012. Symphony No. 5. Epoc. B008J5IFD2
2012. Symphony No. 9 (Martin Luther King, Jr.) Epoc. B008J5IGCW
2012. String Quartets 5 and 6. Epoc. B008O9RZTS
2012. Violin Concerto/Viola Concerto. Epoc. B008J5IGRC
2012. Cello Concerto/Octet for Strings. Epoc. B008K8VJM2
2012. Piano Concerto/Re-Birth/Transcendence. Epoc. B008PYPDUK