TYPICAL PUMP- INSTALLATION DIAGRAMS and TOTAL DYNAMIC HEAD ( or HEAD

DEVELOPED BY PUMP)

Static Suction Lift, (-Zs) – Static suction lift exists when the source of supply is below the center line
of the pump ( Figs.1 to 3 ) and is the vertical distance from the free surface of the liquid in the suction
well or source of supply to the center line of the pump shaft.

Static Discharge Head, (+Zd) – Static discharge head is the vertical distance from the center line of
the pump shaft to the free surface of the liquid in the discharge well (Figs. 1 and 3 ) or to point of free
discharge. ( Figs. 2 and 5 )

Figure 1. Suction lift and submerged Figure 2. Suction lift and free
discharge. discharge.

Total Static Head, (Zt) – Total static head is the vertical distance from the surface of the supply
source to the free surface of liquid in discharge well or tank ( Fig. 1 ) or to the point of free discharge
in discharge piping ( Fig. 2 )

Zt = Zd – Zs Note: The datum line is the centerline of the pump. All vertical distances
above the datum line have a plus (+) sign and all vertical distances
below the datum line have a minus (–) sign.

Figure 3. – Suction lift and varying Figure 4 Static suction head and
discharge head. submerged discharge.
In Figs. 1 to 6 the surface levels assumed for suction wells are those that will exist when the pump is
running and delivering its full rated capacity. When the suction source is a large body of water, such
as a lake, the level of suction well is practically the same when the pump is running as when it is not.
In the case of a sump, when the pump is started the water may be several feet higher than when its
stops, in which event the pump must be a design that will lift the water when the suction well level is
at its lower.

Figure 5. Static suction head and Figure 6. Static suction head and
free discharge. varying discharge head.

A pump may operate against a varying static discharge head, such as in the case when the discharge
pipe enters the bottom of an elevated tank, as in Fig. 6. If the water level in the tanks is allowed to
vary 5 ft. between high and low, the static head will change by that amount. However, when
calculating the total head on the pump, the static discharge head is taken as the vertical distance
from the center line of the pump to the highest level of the water in the tank.

Static Suction Head, (+Zs) – Static suction head (also known as "head on suction") exist when the
supply is located above the center line of the pump ( Figs. 4 to 6 ) and is the vertical distance from the
pump-shaft center line to the free surface of the liquid in the suction well or source of supply.

Total Suction Head ( often called dynamic suction head ), Hs

Hs = ps + Vs2 / 2g + Zs + HLs
γ

HLs is the friction head loss from source of supply to pump suction nozzle. All losses of
head due to friction turbulence, etc. in the suction line have a minus (–) sign.

Total suction head normally negative but in some cases positive. Total suction head negative exist
when the suction pressure measured at the suction nozzle of the pump, corrected to center line of the
pump, is below atmospheric pressure or vacuum. Total suction head positive may exist where static
suction head exist (Fig. 4 to 6) and when the sum of the velocity head and the head loss due to friction
and turbulence is less than the static suction head. Where static suction head exist, a pump may have a
total suction head positive when at rest or when operating at partial load, and have a total suction head
negative when pumping its full capacity this is due to friction losses greater than static suction head.
For example, if the static suction head is 5 ft. and the losses in the suction pipe are equivalent to 7 ft.
head, the total suction head is -2 feet.

Total Discharge Head ( often called dynamic discharge head), Hd

Hd = pd + Vd2 / 2g + Zd + HLd
γ

HLd is the head lost due to friction and turbulence in the discharge line. All losses of
head due to friction turbulence, etc. in the discharge line have a plus (+) sign.

Total Dynamic Head or Head Develop by Pump, TDH – consists of the difference between the
head at the discharge flange and that at the pump suction flange. Total dynamic head is total discharge
head minus to total suction head.

TDH = Hd – Hs

The application of the above equations are illustrated in the following examples:

Determine the total dynamic head (Ht) on each of the following examples:

Example 1.

HLd = 2 m

18 m Example 3:
HLs = 0.5 m
20 psi
3m
75mm dia. 60 mm dia.

Q = 12 liters/sec

HLd = 8 ft

Example 2. HLs = 1 ft

Q = 200 gpm