MACHINE DRAWING

Sub.Code:14ME45

Prepared by
Prof. P.S Raghavendra Rao Mr. Prasanna
Asst. Professor Laboratory Instructor
Department of Mechanical Engineering Department of Mechanical
School of Engineering and Technology Engineering
Jain University School of Engineering and
Technology
Jain University
 Laboratory Certificate

Laboratory Certificate
This is to certify that Mr./Ms._________________________________________ bearing University Seat

umber (USN)) _____________________________ has satisfactorily completed the Machine drawings

prescribed by the University for the _____________ semester B.Tech. ____________________________Program

Laboratory Certificate
of this university during the academic year 20__________20__________

Date: __________________ _______________________

(Signature of the Faculty in charge)

Marks

Maximum Obtained

______________________________________

Signature of the Head of the Department

VISION
To be a centre of excellence in education, research & training and to produce human resource of
exceptional leadership quality to serve national needs.

MISSION

To achieve our objectives in an environment that enhances creativity, innovation and scholarly

pursuits within the stated values.

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEEERING

VISION

to develop the department as one of the finest, competitive with international standards in the

field of Mechanical Engineering to provide human resource of high technical caliber and

excellent leadership qualities to serve the national needs.

MISSION

The Mission is achieved,

 By providing the best teaching, learning and research environment for a successful career

in Mechanical Engineering and interdisciplinary field.

 By preparing the students for pursuing higher education and research.

 By producing professional with human values and concern to the society.

 Machine Drawing

COURSE OUTLINE
Subject Code: 14ME45 Total No. Hours: 60
Credits: 4 Hours per week: 4
L-T-P: 3-0-3 Maximum marks: 70

PART-A
UNIT 1 7 Hours
Sectional Views: Introduction, Cutting-plane line, Types of sectional views, Sectioning conventions,
Hatching or section lines, Conventions of section lines, Sections of prisms, pyramids and solids of
revolution, Problems (Drawings to be drawn by conventional method on drawing sheet).

UNIT 2 8 Hours
Conversion of Pictorial Views Into Orthographic Views: Introduction, Orthographic projection,
Procedure for preparing a scale-drawing. Conversion of 3-D of machine components to 2-D (Drawings to
be drawn by conventional methods on drawing sheet).

UNIT3 6 Hours
Rivets and Riveted Joints: Introduction of shapes of rivet heads. Caulking and Fullering pitch, Diagonal
pitch, Margin, Back pitch, etc. Types of riveting: lap and butt joint, zigzag and chain structure, Boiler joint.
(Drawings to be drawn by conventional methods on drawing sheet).

UNIT 4 4 Hours
Screw Threads: Introduction, Definitions, Forms of screw threads, Triangular or V threads, Square
thread, Conventional representation, Multiple start threads, Right-hand and left-hand threads.

UNIT 5 5 Hours
Shaft Couplings: Introduction, Fast or rigid couplings, Flanged coupling, Flexible couplings, Loose or
disengaging couplings

PART-B
UNIT 6 30 Hours
Assembly Drawings: a) Machine parts - Screws jack, Machine Vice, Plummer block, Tailstock, Tool head
of a shaping machine b) Pumps: Centrifugal pump assembly, gear pump d) Automotive assemblies: Petrol
Engine connecting rod, piston assembly, Fuel injector (Note: At least 2 assembly drawings to be done
conventionally, Others to be done by 3D modeling).

References Books
1. “Machine Drawing, 43rd Ed.”, Bhatt, N.D (2008). Charotar Publishing House, Anand
2. “Machine Drawing, 19th Ed.”, Gopalakrishna, K, R (1984). Subash Publications, Bangalore
3. “Machine Drawing, 2nd Ed.”, Narayan, K. L., Kannaiah, P., Reddy, Venkata, K (1999). New Age
International, New Delhi

Scheme of Continuous Internal Evaluation (CIE):-

CIE consists of three tests each for a maximum of 50 marks. The performance of two best out of three
tests is considered and is scaled for a maximum of 30 marks.

Scheme of Semester End Examination (SEE):-

The question paper consists of 8 questions each for a maximum of 14 marks with two to three
subdivisions under each question.

The students are required to answer any five questions for a total maximum of 70 marks.

Note:
1. Question Paper consist of Part-A and Part-B
2. Any 5 question to be answered of which 2 questions should be chosen compulsorily from each part.
PART -A
Sections of Solids
 1. A triangular pyramid, base 40mm sides and axis 60mm long, resting on its base on the HP with one of
its edges parallel to the VP. A section plane passing through one of the base corners of the pyramid and
the two slant edges at 20mm and 30mm above HP cuts the pyramid. Draw the front view, sectional top
view and true shape of the section. Determine the inclination of the section plane with the reference
plane.

Step 1: Draw XY line (line thickness 0.13mm, Mark VP&HP

Step 2: Draw Front and Top View, Mark Points

Step 3: Show the Section plane, draw vertical projector to the top view and obtain section points
in the top view

Step 4: Show the Section view,

Step 5: Show the Auxiliary inclined plane, parallel to section plane, draw perpendiculars from
the section pints to the auxiliary inclined plane, measure the distances from XY line to section
points in the top view.

Step 6: Reproduce the distances of the top view section points from XY line in to Auxiliary
plane, mark points, 1’’, 2’’ and 3’’, join these three points.
Step 7: Make visible edges, Retaining portion dark
Show the annotation. Show ans. if Any

Problem 2: A square pyramid, base 40 mm side and axis 65 mm long, has its base on the HP with two edges of
the base perpendicular to the VP. It is cut by a section plane, perpendicular to the VP, inclined at 45º to the HP
and bisecting the axis. Draw its sectional top view, sectional side view and true shape of the section.
Problem 3: A square pyramid, base 40 mm side and axis 65 mm long, has its base on the HP and all the edges
of the base equally inclined to the VP. It is cut by a section plane, perpendicular to the VP, inclined at 45º to the
HP and bisecting the axis. Draw its sectional top view, sectional side view and true shape of the section.

Problem 4: A hexagonal pyramid, base 30 mm side and axis 65 mm long is resting on its base on the HP, with
two edges of the base parallel to the VP. It is cut by a section plane perpendicular to VP and inclined at 45º to
the HP, intersecting the axis at a point 25 mm above the base. Draw the front view, sectional top view, sectional
side view and true shape of the section.
Problem 5: A square prism base 40 mm side, axis 80 mm long, has its base on the H.P. and its faces equally
inclined to the V.P. It is cut by a plane, perpendicular to the V.P., inclined at 60º to the H.P. and passing through
a point on the axis, 55 mm above the H.P. Draw its front view, sectional top view and another top view on an
A.I.P. parallel to the section plane.

Problem 6: A cylinder of 40 mm diameter, 60 mm height and having its axis vertical, is cut by a section plane
perpendicular to the V.P., inclined at 45º to the H.P. and intersecting the axis 32 mm above the base. Draw its
front view, sectional top view, sectional side view and true shape of the section.
Problem 7: A cone, base 75 mm diameter and axis 80 mm long is resting on its base on the HP. It is cut by a
section plane perpendicular to the VP and parallel to and 12 mm away from one of its generators. Draw the
front view, sectional top view and true shape of the section. Draw the front view, sectional top view and
sectional side view
CONVERSION OF PICTORIAL VIEWS IN TO ORTHOGRAPHIC VIEWS

Methods of Drawing Orthographic Projections

First Angle Projections Method Third Angle Projections Method

Here views are drawn Here views are drawn

by placing object by placing object
in 1st Quadrant in 3rd Quadrant.
( Fv above X-y, Tv below X-y ) ( Tv above X-y, Fv below X-y)

SYMBOLIC
PRESENTATION
OF BOTH METHODS
WITH AN OBJECT
STANDING ON HP ( GROUND)
ON IT’S BASE.

NOTE:-
HP term is used in 1st Angle method
&
For the same
Ground term is used
in 3 Angle method of projections
rd
FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION: in this method, the object is assumed to be situated in first quadrant means
above HP & infront of VP. Object is in between observer & plane.

For Top view

ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS
{MACHINE ELEMENTS}
 OBJECT IS OBSERVED IN THREE DIRECTIONS.
 THE DIRECTIONS SHOULD BE NORMAL
 TO THE RESPECTIVE PLANES.
 AND NOW PROJECT THREE DIFFERENT VIEWS ON THOSE PLANES.
 THESE VEWS ARE FRONT VIEW, TOP VIEW AND SIDE VIEW.
 FRONT VIEW IS A VIEW PROJECTED ON VERTICAL PLANE ( VP )
 TOP VIEW IS A VIEW PROJECTED ON HORIZONTAL PLANE ( HP )
 SIDE VIEW IS A VIEW PROJECTED ON PROFILE PLANE ( PP )
Problem 1: Pictorial Presentation Is Given Draw Three Views of This object By First Angle Projection Method
Problem 2: Pictorial Presentation Is Given Draw Three Views of This object By First Angle Projection Method
Problem 3: Pictorial Presentation Is Given Draw Three Views of This object By First Angle Projection Method
Problem 4: Pictorial Presentation Is Given Draw Three Views of This object By First Angle Projection Method
Problem5: Pictorial Presentation Is Given Draw Three Views of This object By First Angle Projection Method
Problem 6: (i) the sectional view from the front, (ii) the view from above and (iii) the sectional view from the
left.
Problem 7: Sectional view from the front, the view from above and the view from the right are also shown in
the figure.
Problem 8: Draw sectional view from the front, the view from above and the view from the left.

Problem 9: Draw (i) the view from the front, (ii) the view from above and (iii) the sectional view from the right.
THREAD FORMS

Whitworth Thread (British Standard)

Draw Whitworth Thread (British Standard) taking pitch, P = 30mm. Show at least three threads.

Sellers Thread (American Standard)

Draw Sellers Thread (American Standard)taking pitch, P = 30mm. Show at least three threads.
ISO Thread (Indian Standard) - Internal and external

Draw the ISO thread ( Both internal and External) taking pitch, P = 30mm. Show at least three threads.

Basic Form of Square Thread

Draw Square Thread taking pitch, P = 30mm. Show at least three threads.

Acme Thread
Draw Acme Thread taking pitch, P = 30mm. Show at least three threads.
 FASTENERS

Table gives Empirical Proportions of Hexagon and Square Head Bolt & Nut:

Nominal Diameter d, Size of Bolt or Nut, mm

Width Across Flats 1.5d + 3mm
Width Across Corners 2d
Thickness of Bolt Head 0.8d
Thickness of Nut 0.9d
Root Diameter 0.9d (approximate)
Length of Bolt As specified
Thread Length 2d + 6mm(for l< 150mm)
2d + 12mm(for l> 150mm)
Chamfer of Bolt End Depth of Thread x 45°or
0.ld (Approximate)
Chamfer Angle of Bolt Head & Nut 30°

FASTENERS

Table gives Empirical Proportions of Hexagon and Square Head Bolt & Nut:

Nominal Diameter d, Size of Bolt or Nut, mm

Width Across Flats 1.5d + 3mm
Width Across Corners 2d
Thickness of Bolt Head 0.8d
Thickness of Nut 0.9d
Root Diameter 0.9d (approximate)
Length of Bolt As specified
Thread Length 2d + 6mm(for l< 150mm)
2d + 12mm(for l> 150mm)
Chamfer of Bolt End Depth of Thread x 45°or
0.ld (Approximate)
Chamfer Angle of Bolt Head & Nut 30°
Exercise.1
Draw the three views of ISO threaded hexagonal bolt 100mm long, 20mm diameter and a thread length of50mm
and hexagonal nut assembly in the axis horizontal position .Indicate all the proportions and the actual
dimensions.
Exercise.2
Draw the three views of ISO threaded square bolt 100 mm long, 20 mm diameter and a thread length of 50mm
and square nut assembly in the axis horizontal position. Show the assembly of bolt and nut in the view across
corners across corners. Indicate all the proportions and the actual dimensions.
Exercise.3
Draw the two views of ISO threaded square bolt 100 mm long, 20 mm diameter and a thread length of 50 mm
and square nut assembly in the axis horizontal position. Show the assembly of bolt and nut in the view across
flats. Indicate all the proportions and the actual dimensions.

Exercise. 4:

Draw the two views of dome nut taking d=20mm

Exercise. 5:

Draw the two views of flange nut taking d=20mm

 RIVETED JOINTS
Table gives Empirical Proportions for Riveted Joints. All Dimensions in mm
Particulars Empirical Formulae
Diameter of Rivet d=
Longitudinal Pitch p = 3d
Distance of centre of the Rivet from edge of the plate = 1.5d

Margin M=d
Transverse Pitch Pt = 0.6p for Chain Riveting
Thickness of Straps or Cover Plates Pt = 0.8p for Zig-zag Riveting
(i) Single Cover Plates t1=1.125t

Double Cover Plates t2=0.7 to 0.8t

SNAP HEAD RIVET

1. Draw to 1:1 scale, the top and front views of a single riveted lap joint. The thickness of the plates is 9
mm. Show at-least three rivets. Indicate all the dimensions. Use snap head rivets.
2. Draw to 1:2 scale the top and sectional front views of a double riveted lap joint with (i) Chain and (ii)
Zig-zag riveting. The thickness of the plates is 9 mm. Show atleast three rivets in each row. Indicate all
the dimensions. Use snap head rivets.
3. Draw to 1:1 scale, the top and sectional front views of a single riveted butt joint with (i) Single caver
plate and (ii) Double cover plate. The thickness of the plates is 9 mm. Show at-least three rivets in each
row. Indicate all the dimensions. Use snap head rivets.
SHAFT COUPLINGS

COTTER AND KNUCKLE JOINTS

KNUCKLE JOINT
1. Draw the following views an assembled knuckle joint to 1:1 scale assuming the diameter of the rods d =
20mm. Indicate the important assembly dimensions and write the item list.

a. Front view with top half in section,

b. Top view,
c. A view from the eye end of the rod.
COTTER JOINT

2. Draw the following views of an assembled Socket and Spigot Cotter Joint to 1:1 scale assuming the
diameter of the rods d=20mm.
1. Front view in half section,
2. Top view,
3. A view looking from socket end.
PART-B
 ASSEMBLY DRAWINGS

1. ASSEMBLY OF SCREW JACK

The details of a SCREW JACK are shown in Fig,. Assemble the parts of the jack and draw the following views
of the assembly when the top face of the load bearing cup is raised to a height of 350 mm above the bearing
surface of the body.
1. Front view in half section.
2. Top view.
Show only the important dimensions on the assembly drawing. Write the title SCREWJACK. Add the item list.
2. ASSEMBLY OF PLUMMER BLOCK

Views of the parts of a PLUMMER BLOCK are shown in Fig. Draw to 1:1 scale, the following views of the
bearing.
a) Front view showing right half in section.
b) Top view
c) Left side view.
Indicate on the assembly important overall dimensions. Write the title-PLUMMER BLOCK and the scale. Add
the item list.
Details of PLUMMER BLOCK
Item Quantit
Number Document Title Material y
Number
1 01 Body Cast Iron 1
Bearing Bottom
2 03 Half Brass 1
3 04 Bearing top Half Brass 1
4 02 Cap Cast iron 1
5 05 Bolt M10 2
6 06 Nut M10 Fe-410w 2
7 07 Lock Nut M10 Fe-410w 2
8 08 Shaft Fe-410w 1
3. ASSEMBLY OF MACHICE VICE
Exercise 1:
The details of a MACHICE VICE are shown in Fig. Draw the following views of the assembled vice to 1:1
scale with the jaws spread 50 mm apart.
1. Front view
2. Top view
3. Left view showing the movable jaw in half section.

Exercise 2:
The details of a MACHICE VICE are shown in Fig. Draw the following views of the assembled vice to 1:1
scale with the jaws spread to hold the work-piece of maximum size.
1. Half sectional front view showing fixed jaw in section.
2. Top view.
3. Left view.
Details of MACHICE VICE
 4. ASSEMBLY OF PETROL ENGINE CONNECTING ROD

Fig. shows the details of a PETROL ENGINE CONNECTING ROD. Draw the following assembled views of
the connecting rod with its axis horizontal to 2:1 scale.
a. Front view with top half in section.
b. Top view with front half in section.
c. Side view with bottom half in section looking from the big end.
5. ASSEMBLY OF RAMSBOTTOM SAFETY VALVE

The parts of a RAMSBOTTOM SAFETY VALVE are shown in Fig. Draw to 1:2 scale, the following views.
a. Front view in section.
b. Top view.
c. Left side view in section.
Show major dimensions and print the title —RAMSBOTTOM SAFETY VALVE and the scale. Also add the
item list.
5. ASSEMBLY OFTAIL STOCK OF A LATHE
Figure shows the details of a tail stock of a lathe. Assemble the parts and draw
a. Front view
b. Top view
c. Side view looking from hand wheel.
Details of a tail stock of a lathe
TOOL HEAD OF A SHAPER
 Screw Jack Tutorial
The details of a SCREW JACK are shown in Fig,. Assemble the parts of the jack and draw the following views of the assembly
when the top face of the load bearing cup is raised to a height of 350 mm above the bearing surface of the body.
1. Front view in half section.
2. Top view.

Show only the important dimensions on the assembly drawing. Write the title SCREWJACK.
Add the item list,
Part-1: Create body of the Screw jack
1. Select XZ Plane
2. Draw the 2D sketch as shown
3. Use revolved protrusion command to create 3D feature, Angle 3600
Part-2: Create nut of the screw jack
Select XZ Plane
Draw the 2D sketch as shown
Use revolved protrusion command to create 3D feature, Angle 3600
NUT
Part-3: Create Screw Spindle of the screw jack (Step-1)
1. Select XZ Plane
2.
3.
Draw the 2D sketch as shown
Use revolved protrusion command to create 3D feature, Angle 360 0
SPINDLE
DY
 Part-3: Create Screw Spindle of the screw jack ( Step-2)
1. Select XZ Plane
2.
3.
Draw the 2D sketch as shown
Use Cut out command to create Symmetric through hole
SPINDLE
Part-3: Create Screw Spindle of the screw jack ( Step-3)
1. Select XY Plane
2. Draw the 2D sketch as shown SPINDLE
3. Use Cut out command to create Symmetric through hole
 Part-3: Create Screw Spindle of the screw jack ( Step-4)
1. Select the Plane as shown
2. Go to hole option, set the parameters as shown in dialogue box SPINDLE
Part-4: Create CUP of the screw jack (Step-1)
a. Select XZ Plane
b. Draw the 2D sketch as shown
c. Use revolved protrusion command to create 3D feature, angle 3600
Part-4: Create CUP of the screw jack (Step-2)
1. Select XZ Plane
2. Draw the 2D sketch as shown
3. Use Cut out command to create the profile as shown
4. Use Circular pattern to create remaining features as shown

CUP
 Part-5: Create Special washer of the screw jack
1. Select XZ Plane
2.
3.
Draw the 2D sketch as shown
Use revolved protrusion command to create 3D feature, angle 3600
WASHER
Part-6: Create Special washer of the screw jack (Step-1)
1. Select XZ Plane
2. Draw the 2D sketch as shown
3. Use revolved protrusion command to create 3D feature, angle 3600 CSK SCREW
Part-6: Create Special washer of the screw jack (Step-2)
1. Select top surface as shown
2. Draw the 2D sketch as shown
3. Use cut out command to create 3D feature, depth 3mm
Part-6: Create Special washer of the screw jack (Step-3)
1. Select cylindrical surface as shown
2. Use thread command to create thread feature with the parameters as shown below
 Part-7: Create Tommy Bar of the screw jack
1. Select XZ Plane
2. Draw the 2D sketch as shown
3. Use revolved protrusion command to create 3D feature, angle 3600
Assemble procedure:
Save the assembly by giving the file name as SCREW JACK
To get exploded view of screw jack