Prepared by

RED670 Manoj N
TESTING PROCEDURE

DISTANCE (21)
Z1-70%,t=0s, Z2-130%, t=400ms, Z3-200%, t=800ms.
21Comm. Send → Zone 1 L1-E,L2-E,L3-E,L1-L2,L2-L3,L1-2-3
No 21Com Send → Zone 2,3,> Zones
21Com Rec Zone 2 → trip time Zone 1(Under reaching Scheme)

• Timing CB closed.
Zone 1 : Instantaneous
Zone 2 : 400 ms
Zone 3 : 800 ms
• Timing CB closed, 21 Comm Receive (PUTT).
Zone 1 : Instantaneous
Zone 2 : Instantaneous(Permissive under reach or ZCOM Trip)
Zone 3 : 800 ms
• Distance Blocking
1. Differential Active(Block ZM) will Block Zone1
Diff active or PSD start = Block ZM for Z1
2. Power Swing will Block Zone-1,Zone2
3. Fuse failure will Block all 3 zones
 • Power Swing Detection

This function is realised according to ABB-recommendations. There are

two impedance zones in dependence on the line parameters and load
parameters. During power swing processes the measured impedance enters
the inner zone coming from the outer one. The power swing process can
be detected depending on the needed time.

Using Omicron ramping

SOTF 21 (will Active for 1 Second only)

SOTF initiated by CB open or Manual close or Prefault < 1.0.

operates in Z1/Z2 (Instantaneous)within its impedance reach. Z2 is
used as non directional.
Timing CB Open or Manual close or Prefault <1.0s
Zone 1 : Instantaneous(SOTF)
Zone 2 : Instantaneous(SOTF) Nondirectional Trip
Zone 3 : 800 ms

SOTF
UnBlocked by Fuse failure Detection.

Will pickup at 10 times of Base current,trips instantaneously.

Residual Overcurrent 67N (TEF)

Will Send( 67N Send signal) when TEF Starts → Remote relay via PLCC
trip at its set time with out 67N Com Rec.
trip instantaneously with 67N Com Rec.
Stage1 0.1A,1.0s,UpolMin 3%UB,ROA 45° Perm. UR
Operation: 61.5/63.5/63.5V, 0.11A, 1.0s, CB open or close,
With ComRec→ Instantaneous trip ,
Angle 55/63.5/63.5V, 0.25A 39 deg/-131deg
• 67N ECHO
CB open + 67N Com Rec → 67N ECHO SEND
(67N Com Sent Back to Remote)

Differential (87)

Remote end has to be simulated with the RED70 through Fiber optic cable
Using Idmin we can find the find the pickup and trip time in CB Open, CB Closed
position.

Bias Characteristics:
BIAS characteristic can be tested according to formula for calculation of differential
current, with injection of equal currents on both sides of line with 180° shift which shows
stability, by changing the angle(Φ ) we will get diff trip,then Idiff can be calculates as
follows.
ϕ 
I diff = 2 ⋅ iinj ⋅ sin  
2
Where, iinj = Injected Current,
Φ = Operated angle.
Graph can be plotted by finding Differential current for various injected current(BIAS
current).

FAULT LOCATOR

Fault locator can locate the fault by initiating CALDIST(Calculate distance Release).

Start AR → will be initiated by

So Zone1 Trip → Locate till 70% of the line.

ZCOM Trip → Locate till 100% even if fault is on 130% length of the line.
Zone 2 Trip → Locate till 100% even if fault is on 130% length of the line.
Zone3 Trip → No fault locator.
SOTF Trip → Locate fault till 100% even if fault is on Zone 1, Zone 2.
Zone 2 is nondirectional SOTF, Reverse fault can't be located.
LDL Trip → Locate fault till 100% of the line.
Bcoz line length is 34.3 means 100%
Any fault befond this cant be located.

Prepared by
Manoj N