Solid Waste Management

Submitted by

Naidu Nagendra Babu

11805086

In partial fulfillment for the requirements of the award of

the degree of “P132::B.Tech. (Computer
Science & Engineering) ”

“School of Computer Science and Engineering”

Lovely Professional University
Phagwara, Punjab.
  Introduction:

The improper disposal of municipal waste has a serious and dangerous impact on a
wide range of areas.Garbage thrown in the street or in open spaces creates a public health
hazard,while waste dumped near rivers and streams contaminates the water supply.
Rubbish that is burned in the open rather than disposed of properly creates pollution and
releases toxic fumes into the environment. Non- biodegradable materials thrown into open
drains make their way into the sewerage system, clogging pipelines and damaging
infrastructure. The hazards posed by the dumping of untreated hospital and industrial waste
are even greater, with the release of pathogens and toxic compounds posing a grave threat
not just to human life but also to plants and animals. Garbage dumped in the countryside is
not simply an eyesore; entire landscapes are ruined and unique habitats for flora and fauna
are lost. All of these problems are common in India, where vast quantities of solid waste
remain uncollected in the streets, along major roads, in empty plots of land, down hill
slopes and in illegal dumps.
Solid waste is one of the major problems for us and evolving generations
which needs to be effectively managed for a sustainable and healthy environment
Solid waste management is one such practice to make the living better by managing
solid waste generated .Solid waste accumulated can be a cause for out break of
many deceases and spread of rodents/insects.

Functional Elements of the Waste Management System

Waste generation refers to activities involved in identifying materials

which are no longer usable or disposed

Onsite handling, storage, and processing are the activities at the point
of waste generation which facilitate easier collection.

Waste collection, a crucial phase of waste management, includes

activities such as placing waste collection bins and collecting waste
from those bins. Although the collection phase involves transportation,
this is typically not the main stage of waste transportation.

Waste transfer and transport are the activities involved in moving waste
from the local waste collection locations to the regional waste disposal
site in large waste transport vehicles.
Waste processing and recovery refer to the facilities, equipment, and
techniques employed both to recover reusable or recyclable materials
from the waste stream and to improve the effectiveness of other
functional elements of waste management.

Disposal is the final stage of waste management. It involves the activities

aimed at the systematic disposal of waste materials in locations such as
landfills or waste-to-energy facilities.

Globally, the annual solid waste that is being generated currently is

68.8 million tonnes, which would cost billions in waste management.
Improper waste management will have enormous adverse impacts on the
economy, the public health, and the environment. Municipal solid waste
recycling has been recognized as the second “most environmentally
sound” strategy for dealing with urban waste by the Environmental
Protection Agency. Effective waste recycling is both economic and
environmentally beneficial. It can help in recovering raw resource,
preserving energy, mitigating greenhouse gaseous emission, water
pollution, reducing new landfills, etc.

 Problem Identification and Cause:

This vacation when we are asked to do a project on community
development, I was completely blank and out of ideas. After finally reaching
back home, I found a very less NGO’s in my area. Aside from that I found
solid waste management as one of the biggest problems as in villages,
mainly few areas that are a few distance away from my home. All that it
happens is because people might don’t have a proper knowledge or
awareness on whats going to happen and so I took this as my priority and
selected “DEVI SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT” organization to serve the
community.
  Objective:
Main objective of the project is proper practice of solid waste
management under supervision of the local bodies. Further it is planned
to arrange a program for developing innovative ideas under which a
machine learning model is being worked upon to identify the
accumulated solid waste based on the live surveillance cameras which
are already installed through out the cities. Awareness to people would
be very beneficial since they will report the solid waste. By which local
bodies can clean it up. This way it is beneficial for both people and local
bodies as well.

 Work Procedure:

 Identification of areas that needs prior attention:

This involves identifying areas that has most probability for solid
waste generation and that are prone to outbreaks, hospital areas,
heavy populated streets and Offices. A first step of change here makes
the rest motivated and gives a first impression over the city and
development.

 Planning staff and timing:

This step involves the planning and managing staff, their work
hours and scheduling the areas for clean up. This step is very
important to managing the resources we have and do work efficiently.

 Collection of solid waste:

Gathered solid waste is loaded onto vehicles that are man driven
or mechanical sometimes on the basis of the quantity. These
vehicles go around the streets and homes making up the solid waste
onto it.
  Transport:

Now that we have the solid waste all collected in small vehicles,
and next step is to transfer it into a transporter for processing and
dumping. All the small vehicles are scheduled to reach a final stop
connecting the assigned lane or area.

 Processing:

At the time of the collection, all the solid waste is being separated
as the category and grades such that we have a smooth and efficiently
working processing unit. The ban of low grade plastic made it easy to
process all the plastic content available to recycling.

 Disposal:

We have now the wet waste or the bio degradable along with the
dry contents. All this is again loaded into trucks again and sent to
local municipal dumping points. This content is kept stagnant for
couple of weeks for decomposing, further the left of content is burned
off to ash.

 Machine Learning in solid waste management:

Technology now comes into play to solve problems where there

involves a huge human efforts and complications. Machine learning is
one such a scope where we can engage a machine to manage human
resources, scheduling times of work hours based on the latest updated
weather reports and the traffic conditions. Machine learning can also be
used processing solid waste. Machine learning model is not that easy to
make as like we say, it needs patience and continuous efforts to get a
proper output. Currently there are engineers working on it locally and
globally as well. The machine learning model in solid waste management
is soo unique and advanced pathway which can give a impression of well
developed and digital world. A lot of human efforts and resources can be
managed in a very effective way.
  Awareness:

Awareness plays the next key role in solid waste management.

People once when aware of what actually solid waste is and how
dangerous it can be, they themselves understands the importance of solid
waste management. Solid waste may lead to unhygienic routines which
may cause outbreaks of several air borne diseases. Response from people
is needed to control and manage solid waste effectively. When people
start reporting we have the secondary source of gathering information,
which makes the work complexity solve to a simpler perspective.

 Energy generation:
The under utilization of urban India’s waste recycling potential has
been a concern for years as the balance between waste generation and
waste recycling has shown huge disparity. Urban India generates a
massive 68.8 million tonnes of municipal solid waste every year of
which just about 20 per cent is treated for recycling. Annually, 5 lakh
tonnes of compost is generated from waste, though the potential to
generate is nearly 18 lakh tonnes. Waste is also used to generate
electricity in India, but again the amount of 88.4 megawatt is way less
than the potential of 511 megawatt, annually. The need to speed up
India’s waste management projects is understandable and the
exemption by the Ministry of Environment and Forests will assist in
speedier completion of such projects.
  Effectiveness:
The project has witnessed a huge response right from local engineers
who were involved in innovation and planning team straight to people
living in the locality. After initial phases of planning and implementation,
people started to call and report directly that some part or area has to be
maintained. On priority, the same information is given to the municipal
departments who actively took part to solve the issues that were reported.
Encouragement by elders and mentors is really very supporting which last
till the completion for the project. Though we have initiated many a
innovative ideas, many of them are practically impossible to the present
scenario and technical skills that we are lacking with.

 Conclusion:
The project under taken, “Solid Waste Management”
under the supervision of the organization “Devi Solid Waste
Management” had contributed for its community development
with well of its impression. The Encouragement, support and
love, back from the community served a greater role in keeping
up the spirits of work environment for successful completion.
The initiative taken to involve community responsibility in
corporate culture is truly meaningful and served a greater
heights. This experience gives a vast number of applications of
theoretical knowledge and how innovative they can be applied.
 In conclusion that human ways of life have placed pressure on
the environment and have caused imbalance in the ecosystems by producing,
consuming and wasting of natural resources. Most countries evidently have
major effect on the environment due to SW generation with economic
development. Since the natural resources are used, waste and pollution are
produced. Therefore, concern towards management of solid waste as an
integral part for sustainable development has increased.

It is clear that improper waste management practices have

significant impact on natural environment and sustainable developing the
study area. Thus awareness about SWM impact on sound environmental
development or/and sustainable development in seemingly low.