1st Semester, Academic Year 2019 - 2020 Competition & Performance (concert/dance show)

Health Optimizing Physical Education - 3

ORIGIN AND HISTORY

The English word dance is related to French “danse”, which is believed to have derived
from the ancient High German word “damson”, meaning “to stretch or drag”. It is related to
European variants “dandz, danca, tanz” that are based on the root combination of letters BENEFITS OF DANCE
TAN, found in the original Sanskrit, meaning “tension, or stretching.”
Physical Mental Social
Dance Improves one’s physical It provides ideas, It allows socialization
health (sample: weight concepts, knowledge and whether as performer or
- Is the type of art that involves the movement through rhythm and often times management, increased other related information as part of the audience
accompanied by music. muscular strength etc.)
- performed to express emotions, social interaction, exercise or sometimes to tell a It can help win friends
story. Emotional Spiritual
Expresses feelings and It leads to values such as love, unity, respect,
emotions cooperation, honesty, sense of responsibility and a lot
DEFINITION more.
1. Dance is a series of movements set to music where there emerge, organization, It releases stress
structure and pattern.
2. Dance is an art performed by individuals or groups of human beings, existing in ELEMENTS OF DANCE
time, space, force and flow, in which the human body is the instrument, and
movement is the medium. – Richard Krauss  Body refers to the  Action is the  Space refers to
3. Dance is a series of rhythmic and patterned bodily movements usually performed relationship of the movement (Motor the space through
with music. dancers’ body skills: locomotors which the
parts. (spatial and dancer’s body
HISTORY relationship, time non-locomotors moves (general or
Dance was based on rituals, worships and ceremonies of our early ancestors (sample: relationship, movement) personal space,
fertility dance, Praising dance etc.) No specific record or time when was dance really relationship to level, size,
existed. music, and to direction,
each other) pathway, focus)
Beliefs, livelihood, traditions and lifestyles of our ancestors was based and interpreted to
their dances.  Time is applied to  Energy the force applied to dance to
as both musical accentuate the weight, attack, strength, and
WHY DO WE DANCE? (Purpose / Function) and dance flow of a dancer’s movement (sharp, strong,
 Is an art form- (cultural, traditional, historical and Aesthetical) elements (beat, light, heavy, bound, free-flow)
 Sort of exercise (physical) tempo, speed,
 Means of education (knowledge, intellectual) rhythm, sudden,
 Serves an occupation (job opportunity) slow, sustained)
 Serves as therapy (psychological effect)
 Strengthen relationships (social, emotional and spiritual))
Form of popular entertainment (gives joy and satisfaction) DANCE APPRECIATION AND COMPOSITION
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Good Dance - Displays a significant meaning or conveys a message. It also portrays life
experiences.
A good dance therefore, must have a form and shape for its choreography to be
effective.
Form –
Is the instrument by which ideas and elements are arranged or combined into a logical
sequence which results in unity and consistency, and by means of which the content or
idea can be expressed and communicated. It is the organizing factor of any work or dance
composition.
Phrases –
Each section is composed of several units that are smoothly connected to each other.
These small units are called phrase. It is the smallest unit of form in the whole dance. It can
be related to a sentence in writing compositions.
Example: A single phrase consists of a 8 counts. It is easier for building routines and
choreographic combinations with an 8 count phrase.
A good dance contains a theme or motif to be able to convey its meaning or
intention to the audience
Motif –
It is a single movement or a short phrase movement that embodies the style and intention
of the dance
Example: Itik-Itik Philippine Folkdance - Example of a dance with motif.
Characteristics of a Good Dance
Unity - The interconnected phrases of the dance are coherent and flow smoothly
together.
The movements fits together and each plays an important role that contributes to the
entirety of a dance.
Continuity and Development - the phrases of the dance that are organized
progressively, making each movement phrase move naturally into the next.
Variety and Contrast - Making one or several variations that highlight the facet of the
motif.
Transition - This is the link between movements, phrases, and sections of the dance.
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Repetition - It emphasizes movements and phrases that are important to the dance and
gives a feeling of closure to a work. Some phrases need to be repeated in choreography.
Climax- This is where the apex of energy in the dance is reached.
Part of Good Dance
Beginning - may come is a form of shape, a pose, or an entrance
Middle - Consists of development or the exploration of the main idea
End/Conclusion - Should be clear and may be in a form of a shape, a pose, or
an exit.
Choreography is the art or practice of designing sequences of movements of physical
bodies (or their depictions) in which motion, form, or both are specified. Choreography may
also refer to the design itself.
The word choreography literally means “dance-writing” from the Greek words “choreia,
chorea “meaning “dance and “graphia, graf” meaning “notating or writing”.
A choreographer is one who creates choreographies by practicing the art of choreography,
a process known as choreographing. Choreography is used in a variety of fields, including
musical theater, cheerleading, cinematography, gymnastics, fashion shows, ice skating,
marching band, show choir, theatre, synchronized swimming, video game production and
animated art. In the performing arts, choreography applies to human movement and form.
In dance, choreography is also known as dance choreography or dance composition.
SOME IMPORTANT ELEMENTS TO CONSIDER IN CREATING A DANCE
CHOREOGRAPHY
A. CONTENT (THEME)
Dance, basically, attempts to tell a story, conveys or evokes emotions. It has a
resemblance with acting or drama or even literature. Instead of using dialogues,
body movements and gestures are shown to achieve an intention.
B. MOVEMENT
It is the fundamental element of dance. It is the means or technique how a dancer
internalizes an inner intentions to communicate: Dance movement conveys a kind
of quality. It must be dynamic to contrast speed and energy. Movement might be
slow or fast, accelerating or retarding. It must also occur in space. Dancers need
choreography to be given forms and structures such as balanced and contrast to
reach a climax.
C. MUSIC
 Music is inseparable with dance. It is an aid to rhythmic movement and goes with  This highly individualistic and diverse form of artistic expression began
the strong physical or emotional outcome. as a rejection of what its advocates condemned as the formalism and
sterility of traditional ballet.
D. SPECTACLES
The sequence of movements and music creates a kind of spell in audience. The 4. Ballroom / Dancesport
scenery and costumes add to the creation of the spell. A background or setting  The most wide spread form of participatory dance, ballroom dance
(lighting) is provided by having decoration on the stage suitable to the dance. ranges from the familiar social dances which were popular in past
decades, such as foxtrot, waltz, tango, rumba and other Latin American
Dance can be described: steps, to pulsating and physically exciting rock and roll or discotheque
1. As an ART – Philippine Folk dance, Ballet, Modern dance dances.
2. As a COMPETITION – Cheer dance, Dancesport, Street dance, Hip-hop dance > INTERNATIONAL LATIN AMERICAN DANCES
Cha-cha, rumba, samba, paso-doble and Jive
FORMS OF DANCE > INTERNATIONAL MODERN STANDARD
1. Folk / Traditional Tango, Waltz, Viennise, Foxtrot, Quicstep
 A participatory dance form, folk dance is usually performed by a group
consisting of members of a community; its steps and patterns are not the 5. Festival dances are cultural dances performed to the strong beats of
creation of an identifiable choreographer but are passed from one percussion instruments by a community of people sharing the same culture
generation to another. usually done in honor of a Patron Saint or in thanksgiving of a bountiful harvest
Philipine National Folk Dances
Pandanngo sa Ilaw Oasioas Philippine Festival Dances
Tinikling Sayaw sa Bangko Sinulog Festival (Cebu)
Carinosa Binasuan Ati-atihan Festival (Aklan)
International Folk Dances Bangus Festival (Pangasinan)
Parasol Dance (Japan) Panagbenga (Baguio)
Varsovienne (Germany) Masskara Festival (Bacolod)
International Festival Dances
2. Ballet Dragon Dance (China)
 A highly disciplined and codified stage art of ballet is based on a Mardi Gras (Brazil)
century-old tradition of movement skills. It has a repertoire today that is
drawn from the classical performance side with the most contemporary
themes and choreographic approaches. The word ballet was derived 6. Popular dance
from the Latin word “ballo”, which means “to dance”.  Dance craze popularized in a certain time. Dances mostly seen and
Dance Terms in Ballet heard popularized by a group of dancers or by a popular hit music/song
Allegro - means bright, fast and brisk steps and movements.
Chasse - Chase 7. Hip-hop dance - a dance since 70s up to present that evolve from time to time.
Arabesque - body position supported with one leg, the other leg extended Elements of HIPHOP dance
behind Crumping, B-boying, Vouge, Wanking, Locked and Pop, Isolations,
Adagio - slow movement Tumbling, break dancing steps,
Pique - pricking steps
8. Lyrical dance – Lyrical dance is a style of dance created by merging ballet and
3. Contemporary / modern jazz. The style is usually danced at a faster pace than ballet but not as fast as

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 jazz. A lyrical dancer’s movements attempt to show the meaning of the music.
Lyrical jazz is a very passionate and emotional dance style.
9. Ethnic dance – a dance that is characteristic of a particular cultural group.
(Tribal dance)
10. Cheer dance / cheer leading – also called cheerleading, a type of dance that
focuses on pyramids, floor exhibitions, tossing and throwing. Performers have
undergone training in gymnastics.
Dance terms in Cheer dance
High V, Low V, Touch Down, T Position, Mount, Pyramid, Toss
11. Jazz Dance - Jazz dance is a fun dance style that relies heavily on originally and
improvisation. Many jazz dancers mix different styles into their dancing,
incorporating their own expression. Jazz dancing often uses bold, dramatic body
movements, including body isolations and contractions.
Dance terms in JAzz dance
Pivot turn, Quick ball change, PAs de Bourre, JAzz Run / walk, Stag Leap
12. Allied Movement dance - Several other types of movement activity that are
choreographed and performed before audiences, such as ice dancing, aerial
dancing, gymnastic floor exercise, water ballet or synchronized dancing have
become increasingly accepted as forms of dance. So called martial arts, such as
aikido or t’ai chi chuan, or relaxation disciplines such as yoga also fit in the
category.
DANCE RELATED INJURY PREVENTION
R - Rest
I - Ice
C -
Compression
E - Elevation
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Dancers have a risk of injury however, there are things dancers can do to prevent injury
and keep performing.
If you injure yourself while dancing, you should be aware of the proper and immediate
treatment. Some injuries only reqquire self-treatment, but more severe injuries need to
be treated by a doctor. Immediate treatment helps speed the healing pprocess. A simple
way to remember the first aid treatment is the acronym RICE.
Do the following for the first 48 hours after the injury occurs.
REST - Continual strain, placed in the injured area, can lead to increased inflammation,
pain and further injury. Some soft tissue injuries will take longer to heal without rest.
Stop using the injured are as soon as you exprience pain.
ICE - Ice is a great way to reduce inflammation and pain associated with heat generated
by increased blood flow or blood loss. Apply ice for 20 minutes, one time each hour. As
an alternative, apply ice for 15-20 minutes, then remove for 20 minutes, for a 24 - 48
hour period. To prevent damage to the skin, place the ice inside a towel wrapping
around the area.
COMPRESSION - Use a loose electric bandage instead of tape. Using a tight,
non-elastic bandage will result in decfreased blood flow. MAke sure the bandage is snug
but not to snug to enable to move freely. The muscles will need room to contract and fill
with blood. Compression aims to reduce swellings associated with the inflammatory
process. Although some swelling is unavoidable, too musch swelling can result in
increased healing time or excessive pain.
ELEVATION - Elevation aims to reduce swelling by increasing venous return of blood to
the systematic circulation. Be sure to raise the injured area to a height near or above the
upper body.
Prepared by: Ronalfredo R Cayanan