Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PRELIMINARIES Page
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ...................................................................................... v.
ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................... vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS………………………………………………………………vii
CHAPTER I ......................................................................................... 1.
CHAPTER II ......................................................................................... 6
CHAPTER IV ..................................................................................... 32
CHAPTER V ...................................................................................... 48
CONCLUSION ................................................................................................ 51
RECOMMENDATION ..................................................................................... 52
LIST OF TABLES
1 Likert Scale……………………………………………………….......31
2 Summary of Results…………………………….…………………….43
3 Numerical Scale………………………………………………………43
LIST OF FIGURES
4 Prototype Model…………………….………………………………..27
7 Improvised Helmet…………………………………………………..37
9 Gantt Chart…………………………………………………...…..….54
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Motorcycles have been all over the roads in the Philippines. Wherever the road
we go, we can see a motorcycle travelling across different places. Male, female, anyone
can use a motorcycle because of its easy-to-use mechanics. However, because it has only
two wheels, riding it requires a lot of balance for safety driving of the motorcycles. In
fact, the biggest challenge that many beginners encounters is having a good balance when
riding a motorcycle.
There are different types of motorcycle like the on-road bikes, which are allowed
in the national roads and off-road bikes which should not be used in a national road.
There are also variation of motorcycles like big motorcycles, which are popular in the
early 90’s, and small to average sized motorcycles which are more preferred nowadays.
Big bikes will require more balance and power especially in turning in a different
direction while the smaller ones are more stable when turning left or right.
The amount of motorcycle riders in the Philippines are gradually increasing due to
its cheap price and easy mechanics. As the number of motorcycle riders increases,
accidents that motorcycles are involved are also the ones needed to be discussed. About 6
of 10 road accidents involved motorcycle riders. Some are not wearing a helmet when the
incident happens, resulting to a fatal injuries to some other parts of the body especially in
the head.
helmets are proved to reduce the risk of fatal head injuries when such road accidents
happen. Another helpful feature of the helmet is the protection from intense heat
2
always encourage each other to wear a helmet. In fact, a Motorcycle Helmet Law has
already been implemented in the Philippines since 2004, but still there are a lot of
carnappers. Motorcycles are easy to take away by carnappers by forcing to trigger the
ignition switch, pushing the motorcycle away, taking it away by carrying it out using
another vehicle and especially when keys are left on the ignition switch of the
motorcycle.
By proposing this study, we are aiming to reduce the risk of having a fatal head
injuries by forcing the riders to wear a helmet by making it as a replacement for the usage
of key in the ignition switch This will be possible by the use of Infrared Proximity
Sensors located inside the helmet, near the face of the rider specifically. With this,
Another goal for this study is to provide immediate notification about the specific
location of the motorcycle that is being stolen by the use of a GPS Tracking System. The
system includes GPS tracking device and a mobile application for sending the commands
and receiving the information provided by the system. This will allow motorcycle riders
Lastly, the proposed study will include a fingerprint scanner for authentication
1. Violation of the motorcycle riders on the Motorcycle Helmet Law (RA 10054)
2. Unavailability of a tool which can track the motorcycle and notify the owner
3. Lack of security in verifying the owner of the motorcycle that may result to
motorcycle theft.
4
GENERAL OBJECTIVE
system for the motorcycle together with the GPS Tracking System for notification about
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE
usual keys in the motorcycle, this will require the rider to wear the helmet first
2. To develop a GPS Module that can track the position of the motorcycle and
will provide real time notification to the owner about the specific location of
The proposed study will implement a keyless authentication ignition system for
the motorcycle together with a GPS tracker system for motorcycle in Metro Manila only.
This will be possible by making an improvised helmet for the replacement of the usual
keys used for the ignition switch. The study will be implemented for motorcycle riders
aiming to reduce the risk of fatal head injuries and provide immediate notification for the
The proposed study will take into consideration some limitations of the GPS
Tracking Devices like signal issues and battery issues. The study will provide alternatives
for this limitations. A GPS signal booster antenna will allow the GPS device to
strengthen its signal even in a place where weak signals are prone. For the battery
consumption issue, the study will require an often change of batteries used in the GPS
device to avoid malfunctioning incidents due to low battery. The durability and
appearance of the helmet will not be changed in the proposed improvised helmet to avoid
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
According to LTO report in 2009, more than half of the 6.2 million registered
vehicles in the Philippines as of 2009, around 3.2 million to be exact, are motorcycles,
scooters, or tricycles.
According to statistics from the Land Transportation Office (LTO), more than
half of the vehicles nationwide are motorcycles. Of the total 8.7 million vehicles
registered with the LTO for 2015, 4.8 million are motorcycles. At 2016, the motorcycle
bought continued to increase, According to LTO annual report 2016, 1,425,956 new
motorbike with sidecars were registered and 2,707,349 were renewed. 146,366 new
motorbikes with sidecar were registered and 1,041,852 without sidecar were renewed.
1. All motorcycles and scooters being used on ANY HIGHWAY in the Philippines
should be registered with the LTO in accordance with Republic Act (R.A.) No.
2. If you own a motorcycle and use it, your license plate should be visible and clean
3. Motorcycles follow the same speed limits as cars. In case you’ve forgotten, that’s:
7
40 kph on “through streets” or roads clear of traffic and without blind corners
4. Passengers, often referred to as back riders, are limited to one. Cargo, on the other
5. Both driver and passenger must wear a DTI-approved (i.e. with an ICC sticker)
helmet when riding a motorcycle as per R.A. 10054 or the Motorcycle Helmet
Act of 2009.
6. For accessories, all motorcycles should have headlights, tail lights, signal lights,
brake lights, side mirrors, and a horn. The LTO also allows a maximum of two
lamps with six bulbs each, directed downward and never towards the left side, and
Any other accessories have to be approved by the LTO and the DTI.
7. DUI is still illegal for motorcycle riders, along with using a mobile phone or
similar gadgets.
due to road crashes in 2015 – a 45.76% increase from 6,869 deaths recorded in 2006. In
2006, the PSA recorded 6,869 deaths due to road crashes. Nine years later, in 2015, that
number jumped to 10,012. Since 2010, the number of road crash deaths never dipped
8
below 8,000. The year with the most number of road crash-related deaths is 2015, with
10,012 people killed. This is 1.79% of the 560,605 total deaths (including non-road crash
traffic injuries are among the top 3 causes of death for those 5-24 years old. It is the top
cause of death among those 15-19 years old, followed by self-inflicted injuries and
maternal conditions.
Based on 2013 data from the Philippines' Department of Public Works and
Highway-Traffic Accident Recording and Analysis System, 1,513 people have died due
to road accidents.
According to the report of World Health Organization (2015), 1.25 million people
have died globally due to road accidents, with motorcyclists comprising 23% of deaths.
More than half of those who die in road accidents in the Philippines are motorcycle
riders, according to a new road safety report of the World Health Organization (WHO).
In the Philippines, the Philippine Statistics Authority recorded 10,012 deaths due to road
crash related injuries are 30,412, a 61.24% increase from the 18,861 recorded injuries in
2014.
9
motorcycle riders are the most vulnerable to injuries. 19,852 cases or 65% of patients
A motorcycle helmet has four basic components: an outer shell, comfort padding, an impact-
absorbing liner and a retention system. All of these components work together to protect a rider's
brain and the face in the event of a crash. According to a publication distributed by the U.S.
Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration and the National
Center for Statistics and Analysis, helmets saved 7,808 lives during the period between 1993 and
2002. The report also indicates that had all motorcyclists worn proper motorcycle helmets during
this time period, this number would have been as high as 11,915. The report states that even
though motorcycles represent less than three percent of registered passenger vehicles, fatalities
from motorcycle crashes represent about nine percent of fatalities involving passenger vehicles. A
motorcycle rider without a helmet is three times as likely to die from head injuries as a rider who
is wearing one.
Republic Act 10054 (RA 10054), known as the Motorcycle Helmet Act of 2009,
is the primary law that mandates all motorcycle riders to wear standard protective
motorcycle helmets and provides for the specific penalties for its violation.
10
According to RA 10054 (2009), “All motorcycle riders, shall at all times wear
standard protective motorcycle helmets while driving, whether long or short drives, in
According to (Dotillos, 2017), Eight years after the Motorcycle Helmet Act of
2009 was implemented, riders still ply the country’s roads wearing substandard helmets
or none at all.
According to the Highway Patrol Group (HPG), About 150 motorcycles are stolen
every week in Metro Manila alone or an average of 21 per day. HPG spokesman
According to an HPG report in(2017), the month with the lowest number of stolen
motor vehicles and motorcycles was last July 2017 with 11 carnapped vehicles and 119
motorcycles
Proximity Sensor
electromagnetic radiation (for example: infrared) and then looks for changes in the return
signal or field. The object that is being sensed is the proximity sensor's target. Depending
For sensing capability system, proximity sensors are widely used in many
industries including food and beverage (Amft et al., 2010; Stevan Jr. et al., 2015),
chemical processing (Nair et al., 2015; Facco et al., 2010; Vijayaraghavan et al., 2007),
2015) because of their versatility and high level of functionality. There are a few types of
proximity sensors that are popular such as inductive, capacitive and ultrasonic
Inductive sensor (Passeraub et al., 1997; Kej´ık et al., 2004) detects metallic
objects and is suitable for industrial applications. This type of sensors produces a
magnetic field in the vicinity of an oscillation coil. When a conductive object gets near to
the coil, the eddy current on the object induced by the magnetic field reacts with the coil
to change the oscillation frequency. Although the inductive sensor is simple, sensitive
Capacitive sensor (Chen & Luo, 1998; Buck & Aherin, 1991) detects metals, objects with
high humidity and other types of obstacles that change dielectric permeability of the
space around the active area of the sensor. The sensor measures the capacitance between
two electrodes and the capacitance changes when a detectable object is approaching.
phones, the proximity sensor is implemented as a boolean-sensor. Its returns just two
values "NEAR" & "FAR". Thresholding is done on the LUX value i.e. the LUX value of
12
the light sensor is compared with a threshold. A LUX-value more than threshold means
the proximity sensor returns "FAR". Anything less than the threshold value and the
the sensor-chip in use and its light-response, coupled with the location & orientation of
works by applying a voltage to a pair of IR light emitting diodes (LED’s) which in turn,
emit infrared light. This light propagates through the air and once it hits an object it is
reflected back towards the sensor. If the object is close, the reflected light will be
object. GPS technology was first used by the United States military in the 1960s and
expanded into civilian use over the next few decades. Today, GPS receivers are included
deployed in space about 12,000 miles (19,300 kilometers) above the earth's surface. They
orbit the earth once every 12 hours at an extremely fast pace of roughly 7,000 miles per
13
hour (11,200 kilometers per hour). The satellites are evenly spread out so that four
satellites are accessible via direct line-of-sight from anywhere on the globe.
In order for a GPS device to work correctly, it must first establish a connection to
the required number of satellites. This process can take anywhere from a few seconds to a
few minutes, depending on the strength of the receiver. For example, a car's GPS unit
will typically establish a GPS connection faster than the receiver in a watch or
smartphone. Most GPS devices also use some type of location caching to speed up GPS
detection. By memorizing its previous location, a GPS device can quickly determine what
satellites will be available the next time it scans for a GPS signal.
GPS Uses
GPS systems are extremely versatile and can be found in almost any industry
sector. They can be used to map forests, help farmers harvest their fields, and navigate
airplanes on the ground or in the air. GPS systems are used in military applications and
by emergency crews to locate people in need of assistance. GPS technologies are often
According to (Whitesburg, 2012), Global Positioning System are used for the
following purposes;
Some of the applications that GPS systems are currently being used for around the
world include mining, aviation, surveying, agriculture, marine, recreation, and military.
These days doctors, scientists, farmers, soldiers, pilots, hikers, delivery drivers, sailors,
fishermen, dispatchers, athletes, and people from many other walks of life are using GPS
systems in ways that make their work more productive, safer, and easier
According to (Vithlani, Ronak, 2016.), Automobile theft is the biggest problem in the
remote location of the city and neither key lock nor Remote keyless system provides
reliable solution because key can be copied very easily and remote keyless system
encrypted data use radio waves which can be recorded and used to unlock the car. To
design a unique key which doesn’t rely on key or radio wave, biometric solution is the
only better option. Our purpose here is to provide biometric solution with very low cost
hardware and using open source hardware and software tool plus does it your self-
installation.
conscious of the network and computer condition at anytime and anywhere. Presently,
advanced technology, digital cities and eco-friendly cities using Ubiquitous technology
15
are being focused through out the world. As recent information industry and
and USN(Ubiquitous Sensor Network) are being attempted. In this paper, a basic
sample setting concrete and reinforcing bar as variables is studied to estimate the
transmitting and receiving distance were checked vertically and horizontally. Moreover,
Spectrum Analyzer was used for checking the magnitude of the frequency used in order
to measure the reduction of radio wave exactly. The radio wave reduction was
numerically analyzed, and the influence of the wavelength was analysed as well. As a
result, the penetration depth in concrete without reinforcing bars was 45cm, and in
reinforced concretes which reinforcing bars placed at spacing of 5cm and 15cm, the
penetration depth were 37cm and 45cm each. No influence on radio wave penetration
depth were found when the spacing of reinforcing bars in the reinforced concrete
A study on F8L10D-N LoRa RF Module for Drone Based live Broadcasting system
According to (Lee, Cha, et. Al, 2016), LoRa technology is proved to be the mass
technology with long transmission distance and strong penetrative ability that is double
and event notification system that can provide security against theft of motorcycles has
been designed. With this system, the owner of the motorcycle will be alerted at the
moment of burglary action using the voice dialing method. Burglary action will be more
difficult and deterrent when the horn on the bike is activated by the system.
Android mobile based Security lock for Bike ignition is a replacement for
traditional locks in bike. User has to enter password using an Android mobile. If the
password is correct then DC motor is rotated. Buzzer is turned on for wrong password.
is used in this project. Many times we forgot to carry the key of our bike or key gets lost.
In these cases it is really difficult to get the bike started. This project is designed to solve
this purpose. Main concept behind this project is of a relay operating using a password
entered through Android mobile. It also turns on the Buzzer when wrong password is
entered for multiple times. Android mobile based Security lock for Bike ignition has its
main application in security systems. It can be used in cars, trucks, buses, two-wheelers.
17
We have provided a DC motor to give a demo of bike lock opening. User needs to enter
Password Based Lock for Bike Security with Ignition Key Control System
According to (Kumar, Sasidharan, et. Al , 2016), “Many times we hear the cases
of bikes getting stolen from parking area or sometimes we forgot to remove the keys
from bike by mistake. In these cases it is really difficult to get the bike back. This project
is designed to solve this purpose. Main concept behind this project is of a bike security
system using a password entered through keypad. This system turns on the Buzzer when
wrong password is entered for 3 times. User can change this password anytime he/she
wish using a keypad. It uses Microcontroller: This is the CPU (central processing unit) of
our project. This project has GSM technology and Vehicle anti-theft system with vehicle
ignition controlling technique. Whenever bike owner removes key from the ignition lock
at that system is turned on. We have provided vibration sensor with this project, which is
similar to piezoelectric sensor. When vibrations are detected, SMS is sent to the owner of
the bike. When car owner sends back SMS to project then the engine is stopped. We have
provided a Relay and a DC motor to show the demo of vehicle engine controlling
system”.
18
of the security system for motorcycle ignition. This system can prevent the motorcycle
from being stolen. This security system is developed to control the ignition of the
motorcycle through the Android devices. This system consists of a mobile application on
an Android device that will connect wirelessly using Bluetooth to the Arduino system
that acts as the microcontroller. The Arduino, in turns is connected to the bike ignition
system. The system enables users to switch on/off the ignition of the bike by pressing a
button in the Android mobile application. To ensure that the system is secure, only
Android device that has been paired with the Arduino through the Bluetooth using correct
pass key will be able to control the ignition system of the motorcycle”.
system to control a 4 stroke two cylinder motorcycle engine. At the heart of the system is
a microcontroller based reference design engine control unit. This works together with a
crank wheel sensor, throttle position sensor, oxygen sensor, barometric pressure sensor,
This system has the capability to detect engine position, sense throttle position, air
temperature, control fuel injection timing and amount and control spark timing and dwell.
It has the option to control idle with stepper motor and has close loop feedback of oxygen
19
levels in the exhaust. Serial communication via KWP2000 is used for reprogramming of
The main goal of this system is to meet emission requirements and provide On Board
Diagnostics (OBD) capability. This presentation will discuss the system's electronics
including voltage regulators, smart drivers and IGBT. Fault protection and detection
According to (Ali, Yannawar, et. Al, 2016), The basic fingerprint recognition
system consists of four stages: firstly, the sensor which is used for enrolment &
recognition to capture the biometric data. Secondly, the pre-processing stage which is
used to remove unwanted data and increase the clarity of ridge structure by using
enhancement technique. Thirdly, feature extraction stage which take the input from the
output of the pre-processing stage to extract the fingerprint features. Fourthly, the
matching stage is to compare the acquired feature with the template in the database.
Finally, the database which stores the features for the matching stags.
According to (Sharma, Mishra, et. Al, 2013), The fingerprint is a physiological biometric
the print made by human finger due to fingerprint, as the name suggests is the print or the
impression made by our finger because of the patterns formed on the skin of our palms
and fingers since birth. With age, these marks get prominent but the pattern and the
20
structures present in those fine lines do not undergo any change. . Fingerprints are raised
ridges of skin on the hairless surfaces of hands and feet (Dermal Ridges).Primates and
other animals have fingerprints. They provide traction and every ridge contains glands.
3. Fingerprint has general ridge patterns that permit them to be classified. The main aim
of this paper is to study the various technique and algorithms for Fingerprint Recognition
System such as latest minutiae based, correlation based and other global, local methods
for fingerprint matching and status of success of concurrent methods. The problem is to
person is fingerprint which is unique and permanant throughout the person life.
verifying a match between two human fingerprint Fingerprints are widely used in daily
life for more than 100 years due to its feasibility, distinctiveness, permanence, accuracy,
Knowledge Design
Requirements
Project Initiation
Circuit Diagram Requirement
GPS Definition
Ignition System
of the
Motorcycle
Software Development
Requirements
Prototyping
Arduino IDE Model
A Development of a
MATLAB
Key Helmet
Hardware Authentication System
Requirements with GPS Tracking
Testing Module for Motorcycle
Infrared in Metro Manila
Proximity System Testing
Sensor Acceptance
Infrared Testing
Proximity Usability
Receiver Testing
Full Face Helmet Functionality
Microcontroller Testing
switch Compatibility
Signal Booster Testing
RF Module Reusability
Fingerprint
Scanner
4 Channel Relay
GPS Tracking
Module
Evaluation
22
The figure describes the conceptual framework of the study where in the input is
Circuiting, etc.
On the other side, the process being used is through design, development, and
testing such as System Testing, Test Script, Test Summary, etc. The output objective of
this study is to develop a key helmet that would serve as a replacement to the traditional
insertion of a key to the ignition lock and to also authenticate the user preventing
motorcycle theft while tracking real time the location of the vehicle using a GPS module.
Development of a Key Helmet Authentication System with GPS Tracking Module for
Motorcycles in Metro Manila”, the study passed in the objective testing of the system.
23
Ignition System – a part of a motorcycle that functions as the igniter for the
engine to start
Infrared Proximity Sensor – a type of proximity sensor that emits infrared lights
(usually) small electronic device used to transmit and/or receive radio signals
Electric Current – a flow of electric charge for the 4 channel relay to function
METHODOLOGY
PROJECT DESIGN
Module for Motorcycle in Metro Manila” is an authenticated keyless ignition system for
the motorcycle that will use an improvised helmet as a trigger to the switch and scan the
fingerprint to enable the buttons attached to the helmet together with a GPS Tracking
Figure 2. System Architecture Design of the proposed key helmet authentication system.
25
The motorcycle rider/s will wear the proposed improvised helmet with the devices
integrated. The Infrared Proximity Sensor located at the forehead part of the full face
helmet will sense the target object (forehead part).If the sensor detects the target object,
the result will be transmitted to the microcontroller. The microcontroller initializes the
fingerprint scanner lighting up the LED and in stand-by mode for pressing of finger. If
the rider/s doesn’t wear the helmet, the process will not proceed As the fingerprint
scanner is now enabled, the rider will now have to authenticate his/her fingerprint for the
system to proceed to the next process. If Authenticated fingerprint is scanned, the system
will continue by allowing electric currents to flow into the motorcycle engine of the
vehicle.
26
The GPS module integrated with a Wi-Fi module connects to the database and
sends the location to the cloud database consisting of latitude and longitude of the
vehicle.The Mobile Application fetches the coordinates from the database and
displays it in a map in real time refreshing every one second for a more accurate
location of the vehicle. The user can now track the location of the vehicle in real time.
27
PROJECT DEVELOPMENT
prototyping, a prototype (an early approximation of a final system or product) is built, tested, and
then reworked as necessary until an acceptable prototype is finally achieved from which the
complete system or product can now be developed. The proponents chose this because this
model works best in scenarios where not all of the project requirements are known in detail
ahead of time, for example, the panellists or the clients want another feature for our proposed
system, this model will allow the proponents to add the other requirements without hassle, as
well as it is an iterative, trial-and-error process that takes place between the developers and the
users.
1. The new system requirements are defined in as much detail as possible. This
3. A first prototype of the new system is constructed from the preliminary design. This
4. The users thoroughly evaluate the first prototype, noting its strengths and
5. The first prototype is modified, based on the comments supplied by the users, and a
6. The second prototype is evaluated in the same manner as was the first prototype.
7. The preceding steps are iterated as many times as necessary, until the users are
9. The final system is thoroughly evaluated and tested. Routine maintenance is carried
out on a continuing basis to prevent large-scale failures and to minimize downtime.
29
OPERATION PROCEDURE
First of the operation procedure in this study is to find the problems that are being
encountered by our client by observations, interviews and surveys. Next is by planning the
solutions for the problems and finding the initial requirements for the proposed system. The next
step will be creating the preliminary design of the proposed key helmet authentication system
with GPS tracking system then creating the first prototype from the preliminary design. After
developing the first prototype, the proponents will present the output to the panelists and clients
for evaluation, specifically for finding its strengths and weaknesses, finding what needs to be
The first prototype will now then be modified, to create the second prototype of the
proposed key helmet authentication system with GPS Tracking system. The second prototype
will be evaluated in the same manner as the first prototype does. The process will continue to
iterate until the panels and clients are satisfied with the prototype. The final prototype will now
be modified and become the final system if it meets the clients‟ and panelists‟ requirements.
TESTING PROCEDURE
For the final step of the operational and testing procedure of the proposed system, the
researches will create and provide test cases for each component and module in the key helmet
authentication system with GPS tracking system. The test cases will expect accurate output in
various cases. Lastly, the proponents will perform device and module testing to check if it
EVALUATION PROCEDURE
ensuring adequate quality. This can be achieved by defining appropriate quality characteristics,
taking account of the purpose of usage of the software product. It is important that every relevant
software product quality characteristic is specified and evaluated, whenever possible using
validated or widely accepted metrics. ISO/IEC 9126-1 (2000) is a software product evaluation
with quality characteristics and guidelines for their use, which was developed to support these
needs, defined six quality characteristics and described a software product evaluation process
model. The fundamental objective of the ISO/IEC 9126 standard is to address some of the well-
known human biases that can adversely affect the delivery and perception of a software
Functionality. The capability of the software product to provide functions which meet
stated and implied needs when the software is used under specified conditions
Usability. The capability of the software product to be understood, learned, used and
Portability. The capability of the software product to satisfy users in a specified context
of use.
Project Demonstration
Final Evaluation
For the final evaluation in this phase, the system is evaluated among 35 respondents.
Each of them was given an evaluation form that will be computed to finalize the overall
performance and impact of the device and the application using Likert Scale as shown in Table
1.0
4 Very Good
3 Good
2 Fair
1 Poor
CHAPTER IV
This chapter presents the project description and structure, capabilities and
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
Tracking Module for Motorcycle Riders in Metro Manila” intended to develop a key
helmet authentication system for the motorcycle riders in metro manila and a GPS
tracking module for motorcycle tracking purposes. The project is consisted of three
different objectives to be done. First one is to create a improvised helmet that will require
the motorcycle rider to wear the said helmet for the motorcycle to be available for
starting. Next is to develop a mobile application that will include a GPS Tracking
Module. This objective will allow motorcycle riders to track their vehicle wherever they
The first objective of this project will be done with the use of a sensor called
proximity sensor. Proximity sensor is used for detecting any nearby objects. There are a
infrared, etc. For this project, the developers used a infrared type of proximity sensor for
the reason of the other types doesn‟t meet the requirements of the proposed objective.
33
The proximity sensor will be attached to the helmet together with the arduinouno
microcontroller. Its function in the system will be for detecting if the rider wears the
helmet. Once the rider wears the helmet, the proximity sensor will detect the head of the
rider and an LED light will be turned on for indication purposes. At the same time, the
fingerprint scanner will now be enabled as soon as the rider wears the helmet. The
For the second objective, the developer will create a mobile application that
includes a GPS Tracking Module. The mobile application is created using Java
programming language. However, the mobile application will only be fully functional
when the GPS module is inserted to the target motorcycle. The mobile application will be
connected into the GPS module for it to be able to track the motorcycle. Once the GPS
module is implemented to the vehicle, the mobile application is now ready to use. The
mobile application will allow motorcycle owners to track their motorcycle wherever they
go. Owners can easily track the location of their motorcycle even if they are away from
the vehicle.
authentication purposes. The developer will attach a fingerprint scanner to the helmet
also, that will be connected to the same Arduino uno microcontroller that the proximity
sensor is connected. This is because the proximity sensor needs to detect first when the
fingerprint scanner. The fingerprint scanner that will be used is GT-521F32. This model can
store up to 300 different fingerprints and comes with a small and convenient size that will fit into
the helmet. Once the proximity sensor detects when the rider is wearing the helmet, the
fingerprint scanner will now start to detect fingerprints, if the fingerprints matched, the
motorcycle will now be ready for starting. Another advantage that this objective have is, even if
the helmet is stolen, the thief will not be able to start the motorcycle because his fingerprint is
not registered so the fingerprint scanner will continuously give him the error in detection.
35
PROJECT STRUCTURE
with GIS-based mapping for Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources in Fish Farming
light using infrared lights. The infrared scanner then sends a true value to the
microcontroller and the microcontroller interpret it that there is an obstacle present. The
The mobile applications fetches the longitude and longitude sent by the GPS
module to the database. The mobile application displays the coordinates in the user
interface and locates the position of the vehicle in a map fragment from Google. The
mobile app fetches data through the internet and refreshes every 1 second for an accurate
location.
37
This will serve as the helmet for the testing of the device. The devices and sensors
would be placed in the helmet strategically. The IR proximity Sensor is placed on the
forehead for the detection of the head and the fingerprint scanner is on the chin side of
F
i
g
u
r
e
8
.
0
A
r
d
u
i
n
o
The complete devices integrated inside the helmet of the motorcycle rider
giving functions of authentication and head detection of the rider. These sensors
communicates to the Arduino microcontroller and then the Arduino sends data to each
When the sensor detects the head of the owner it enables the LED Light of the
Fingerprint Scanner , the scanner then stands-by for incoming finger press. A successful
fingerprint scan initiates the motorcycle… but when the helmet is removed, the engine
stops immediately.
40
a. A helmet that acts as a key in a motorcycle that requires riders to wear in order to
b. A fingerprint scanner that authenticates the rider's identity using the fingerprint of the
rider.
d. A Geofencing function that enables the user to set a distance where the vehicle should
stay. If the vehicle exceeds the distance, the GPS module sends a notification to the
user.
e. A mobile application that provides a user interface for the rider in tracking the
a. The helmet's impact capability is not covered by the project. The materials and the
b. The fingerprint would only authenticate the only registered rider. If the owner wants
c. The Signal of the GPS tracker could be obstructed by buildings and topological
d. The geofencing function is limited only to the sending of notification to the owner of
the vehicle. In case of theft, the culprits would not be apprehended by the security
e. The user's internet connectivity affects the accuracy of tracking of the vehicle.
TEST RESULTS
The project was tested using ISO/IEC 9126-1 (2000) standard. It was developed
as a model for evaluating software product quality. This ISO model composed of six
The result of the functionality of the project study “The Development of a Key
Helmet Authentication System with GPS Tracking Module for Motorcycles in Metro
enables them to understand the application easily is highly acceptable by the evaluators
2. Reliability is evaluated by the consumers as „Very Good‟ with the overall mean
of 3.62 which means that the system maintains specified level of performance when used
3. Functionality of the system is accepted by the consumers with the overall mean of 3.71
which means that the system is „Very Good‟ and can provide functions which meet
stated and implied needs when the software is used under conditions.
amount of resources used and it is highly acceptable by the evaluators with the
overall mean of 3.68 which means that the system is „Very Good‟.
42
7. In addition to the test results evaluated using the ISO 2000 standard model, the
researchers also conducted a series of tests that were undertaken to such system.
43
PROJECT EVALUATION
Moreover, the study conducted a survey to test the (1) Usability, (2) Reliability,
(3) Functionality, (4) Efficiency, (5) Maintainability and (6) Portability of the system
Table 2.0 shows the summary of evaluation result conducted during system
development and implementation, the overall mean is 3.61 which means that the system
functions
Table 4.0 shows the summary of evaluation under the Usability category
3.75 which means that the system has a “Very Good” usability.
Table 4.1 shows the summary of evaluation under the Reliability category
3.64 which means that the system has a “Very Good” reliability.
objectives
mean is 3.74 which means that the system has a “Very Good” functionality.
Table 4.3 shows the summary of evaluation under the Efficiency category
3.66 which means that the system has a “Very Good” efficiency.
performance
mean is 3.46 which means that the system has a “Very Good” maintainability.
discomfort
towards project
Table 4.5 shows the summary of evaluation under the Usability category
conducted during system development and implementation, the overall mean is 3.41
The researchers also designed a series of tests that were undertaken and consulted
objectives of the study and the expected outputs desired by the testers. On the basis of
test and evaluation conducted on the performance of “The Development of a Key Helmet
Authentication System with GPS Tracking Module for Motorcycles in Metro Manila”,
RECOMMENDATION
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
On the basis of test and evaluation conducted on the performance of “The Development
of a Key Helmet Authentication System with GPS Tracking Module for Motorcycles in
Metro Manila”.
1. The Key Helmet is developed using a sensor and a scanner namely : IR Proximity
2. head of the rider and the removal of it prohibiting the starting of the motorcycle.
3. The helmet also authenticated the rider for the security of the vehicle.
and ESP8266 for data gathering from the satellites and real time displayed the
engine.
49
6. The study was conducted a survey to test the performance of the “The
for Motorcycles in Metro Manila”. The survey test was assigned to 35 Motorcycle
7. The overall evaluation result of the project is 3.61 with a qualitative interpretation
of “Very Good”
8. The overall mean result of the project based on the usability criteria was 3.75 with
descriptive rating of “Very Good” which means that the capability of the project
to be understood, learned, used and attractive to the user was highly acceptable.
9. The overall mean result of the project based on the reliability criteria was 3.64
with descriptive rating of “Very Good” which means that the capability of the
acceptable.
10. The overall mean result of the project based on the functionality criteria was 3.74
with descriptive rating of “Very Good” which means that the capability of the
software product to provide functions which meet stated and implied needs was
highly acceptable.
11. The overall mean result of the project based on the efficiency criteria was 3.66
with descriptive rating of “Very Good” which means that the capability of the
12. The overall mean result of the project based on the maintainability criteria was
3.46 with descriptive rating of “Good” which means that the capability of the
13. The overall mean result of the project based on the portability criteria was 3.41
with descriptive rating of “Good” which means that the capability of the software
CONCLUSION
In consideration of the objective of the study and the results of testing and
1. The researchers conclude that the system developed a helmet that serves as a
2. The researchers conclude that the GPS module provides a real time tracking of
the motorcycle using the mobile application fetching data from the server passed
3. The researchers conclude that the system successfully authenticates the user‟s
identity by scanning the fingerprint and successfully associated the fingerprint the
RECOMMENDATION
System with GPS Tracking Module for Motorcycles in Metro Manila” is highly
recommended for everyone who owns motorcycles and wants to achieve safe
riding. Also, it was also recommended to anyone desires to learn more in different
Arduino devices/sensors.
1. The researchers recommend the use of a real motorcycle engine to test the
2. The researchers recommend that the GPS tracking module be integrated into a
3. The researchers suggest to improve the overall appearance and quality of the
helmet.
4. The researchers also suggest to add a real time tracking of the movement of the
motorcycle in the GPS Tracking application where the route of the vehicle is
displayed.
6. The researchers recommend the change of the refresh rate of the GPS tracking
BIBLIOGRAPHY
http://ijtte.com/uploads/2017-08-22/6d5cf703-9ddf-cbe7ijtte.2017.7(3).05.pdf
philippines
motorcycle-helmet-law-inconsistent
https://thecodeartist.blogspot.com/2011/01/proximity-sensor-on-android-
gingerbread.html
Primer PH, (April 22, 2017), A Guide to Motorcycle Laws in the Philippines, from
http://primer.com.ph/tips-guides/2017/04/22/expats-guide-motorcycle-laws-in-the-philippines/
Yoon, Park, et al. (2011) A Study on the Permeability through Concrete using RF
Wireless Module for Reinforced Concrete Structure | Request PDF. Available
from:
54
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263630863_A_Study_on_the_Permeability_thr
ough_Concrete_using_RF_Wireless_Module_for_Reinforced_Concrete_ Structure [accessed
Oct 04 2018].
Lee, Cha, et. Al. (2016) A study on F8L10D-N LoRa RF Module for Drone Based
live Broadcasting system.
Availablefrom:https://www.researchgate.net/publication/315936532_A_study_on
_F8L10D-N_LoRa_RF_Module_for_Drone_Based_live_Broadcasting_system [accessed
Oct 04 2018].
Kumar, Sasidharan, et. Al, (2016), Password Based Lock for Bike Security with Ignition
Ali, Yannawar, et. Al. (2016), (PDF) Overview of Fingerprint Recognition System.
Available from:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/310953762_Overview_of_Fingerprint_
Recognition_System [accessed Oct 04 2018].
P. Acosta,( MARCH 13, 2017) ,Motorcycle riders should wear protective helmets at all times,
from https://www.manilatimes.net/motorcycle-riders-wear-protective-helmets-times/316916/
55
K. Sy, (October 02, 2017) 6 in 10 injured in road crashes are motorcycle riders, from
https://www.rappler.com/move-ph/issues/road-safety/183384-top-injuries-road-crashes-
philippines
K.Sy, (April 12, 2017), IN NUMBERS: Road crash incidents in the Philippines, from
https://www.rappler.com/move-ph/issues/road-safety/166151-road-crashes-philippines-
awareness-safety
K. Francisco, (October 27, 2015), Road deaths in PH: Most are motorcycle riders,
philippines
56
APPENDICE
APPENDIX A
GANTT CHART
Figure 9. This shows the research schedule to be considered while conducting the study
LEGEND:
Complete Task
To do Task
57
Appendix B
TOTAL ₱ 4100.00
58
APPENDIX C
Evaluation Instrument
Instruction: Please evaluate the prototype by using the given scale and placing a
checkmark (√) under the corresponding numerical rating.
Capability
I. Usability
APPENDIX
TEST CASE
Finger print Rider places LED light would LED light lights
scanner finger in the light up and up and motor
scanner to motor will star spun
authenticate the simultaneously simultaneously.
rider and detect if fingerprint is
Unregistered
if registered. registered.
finger did
If else, nothing nothing.
happens.
This shows a series of tests that were undertaken and consulted to such system. This
study was demonstrated to IT professionals in consideration of the objectives of the study and
the expected outputs desired by the testers. The results of testing and evaluation will be used for
APPENDIX E
SOURCE CODE
#include "FPS_GT511C3.h"
#include "SoftwareSerial.h"
const int ProxSensor=2;
int motorPin = 3;
int led = 13;
String inputString = ;
boolean stringComplete = false;
String commandString = "";
int x=0;
FPS_GT511C3 fps(4, 5);
void setup()
{
pinMode(ProxSensor,INPUT);
pinMode(led,OUTPUT);
Serial.begin(9600);
delay(100);
fps.Open();
delay(1000);
}
void loop()
{
if(digitalRead(ProxSensor)==LOW){
delay(200);
fps.SetLED(true);
if (fps.IsPressFinger())
{
fps.CaptureFinger(true);
int id = fps.Identify1_N();
if (id <200)
{
Serial.print("Verified ID:");
Serial.println(id);
digitalWrite(led, HIGH);
digitalWrite(motorPin, HIGH);
}
else
{
Serial.println("Finger not found");
}
}
else
{
Serial.println("Please press finger");
}
delay(100);
}
62
else{
delay(100);
fps.SetLED(false);
digitalWrite(led, LOW);
digitalWrite(motorPin,LOW);
}
if(stringComplete)
{
stringComplete = false;
getCommand();
if(commandString.equals("STAR") )
{
while (x!=1){
fps.SetLED(true);
x= Enroll();
}
}
if(commandString.equals("TEXT"))
{
String text = getTextToPrint();
fps.DeleteID(text.toInt());
Serial.println("ID SUCCESSFULLY DELETED");
}
if(commandString.equals("STOP"))
{
fps.SetLED(false);
}
if(commandString.equals("Bye"))
{
fps.DeleteAll();
}
inputString = "";
}
}
void getCommand()
{
if(inputString.length()>0)
{
commandString = inputString.substring(1,5);
}
}
String getTextToPrint()
{
String value = inputString.substring(5,inputString.length()-2);
return value;
}
void serialEvent() {
while (Serial.available()) {
char inChar = (char)Serial.read();
inputString += inChar;
if (inChar == '\n') {
stringComplete = true;
}
}
}
63
int Enroll()
{
// Enroll test
// find open enroll id
int enrollid = 18;
bool usedid = true;
while (usedid == true)
{
usedid = fps.CheckEnrolled(enrollid);
if (usedid==true) enrollid++;
}
fps.EnrollStart(enrollid);
// enroll
Serial.print("Press finger to Enroll #");
Serial.println(enrollid);
while(fps.IsPressFinger() == false) delay(100);
bool bret = fps.CaptureFinger(true);
int iret = 0;
if (bret != false)
{
Serial.println("Remove finger");
fps.Enroll1();
while(fps.IsPressFinger() == true) delay(100);
Serial.println("Press same finger again");
while(fps.IsPressFinger() == false) delay(100);
bret = fps.CaptureFinger(true);
if (bret != false)
{
Serial.println("Remove finger");
fps.Enroll2();
while(fps.IsPressFinger() == true) delay(100);
Serial.println("Press same finger yet again");
while(fps.IsPressFinger() == false) delay(100);
bret = fps.CaptureFinger(true);
if (bret != false)
{
Serial.println("Remove finger");
iret = fps.Enroll3();
if (iret == 0)
{
Serial.println("Enrolling Successful");
int a=1;
return a;
}
else
{
Serial.print("Enrolling Failed with error code:");
Serial.println(iret);
Serial.print("try again");
}
}
else Serial.println("Failed to capture third finger");
}
else Serial.println("Failed to capture second finger");
}
else Serial.println("Failed to capture first finger");
}
64
GPS MODULE
#include <TinyGPS++.h>
#include <SoftwareSerial.h>
#define BLYNK_PRINT Serial
#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <BlynkSimpleEsp8266.h>
static const int RXPin = 4, TXPin = 5;
static const uint32_t GPSBaud = 9600;
TinyGPSPlus gps;
WidgetMap myMap(V0);
SoftwareSerial ss(RXPin, TXPin);
BlynkTimer timer;
float spd;
float sats;
String bearing;
char auth[] = "c98768c4c60c45b5bb1f0a1e2f358a26";
char ssid[] = "wifi123";
char pass[] = "123456";
unsigned int move_index = 1;
void setup()
{
Serial.begin(115200);
Serial.println();
ss.begin(GPSBaud);
Blynk.begin(auth, ssid, pass);
timer.setInterval(5000L, checkGPS);
}
void checkGPS(){
if (gps.charsProcessed() < 10)
{
Serial.println(F("No GPS detected: check wiring."));
Blynk.virtualWrite(V4, "GPS ERROR");
}
}
void loop()
{
while (ss.available() > 0)
{
if (gps.encode(ss.read()))
displayInfo();
}
Blynk.run();
timer.run();
}
void displayInfo()
{
if (gps.location.isValid() )
{
float latitude = (gps.location.lat());
float longitude = (gps.location.lng());
Serial.print("LAT: ");
Serial.println(latitude, 6);
Serial.print("LONG: ");
Serial.println(longitude, 6);
Blynk.virtualWrite(V1, String(latitude, 6));
Blynk.virtualWrite(V2, String(longitude, 6));
65
RESEARCHERS’
PROFILE
67