1.

0 Introduction

Steel structure is a structure which is made from the organized combination of custom
designed structural steel members to meet architecture and engineering requirements of users.
Steel structure involves sub-structure or members in a building made from structural steel.

Structural design is a systematic and iterative process that involves:

 Identification of intended use and occupancy of a structure

 Development of architectural plans and layout
 Identification of structural framework
 Analysis of the structure to determine member and connection design forces
 Analysis of the structure members and connections
 Verification of design
 Fabrication and erection
 Inspection and approval

1.1 Beam Design

Beam is perhaps the most basic of structural components. A variety of section shapes and
beams types may be used depending on the magnitude of loading and the span. Steel beams
can often be designed simply on the basis of bending moment resistance and stiffness that is
the beam does not deflect so much that affects serviceability considerations.

Beams which are unable to move laterally are termed restrained. Full lateral restraint
is providing by example positive attachment of a floor system to the top flange of a simply
supported beam.

Cases where beams can be designed as fully restrained along the spans:

 Beams carrying in-situ reinforced concrete slabs.

The friction of concrete floor to the compression flange of the beam can be assumed to
provide full lateral restraint.

 Beams with steel decking flooring system with shear studs.

The shear studs function as a simple concrete anchor and can be employed to provide a
permanent bond between steel and concrete.

1.2 Column Design

Columns are designed to support vertical loading down their longitudinal axis and are almost
square in cross-section in order to prevent twisting. Universal column (UC), made to
AS3679/300 and commonly referred to as “H” beams, are named after the ‘H’ shaped
appearance of their cross section. The vertical middle section of the beam is known as the
‘web’ and the horizontal component in the ‘flange’ of a Universal Column are very similar in
length. Columns, as with beams, are mainly used in structural applications.

1.3 Connection Design

Connections are structural elements used for joining different members of structural steel
frame work. The steel structure can be defined as an assemblage of different member such as
column with beam which are connected to one another. Steel connection will give a direct
influence on the cost of the framing system. Therefore, the repetitive connection design for
the building will reduce the cost. In this building, we will use two types of connection which
is end-plate connection for beam to column joint and fin plate connection for beam to beam
joint. Bolted connection has more advantages such as the easiest method of connecting
members on the site and in term of cost field bolting is cheaper than field-welding. The
design of beam to column connection, we use M16 and M20 bolt with grade 4.6 and 8.8 as it
was the common size in Malaysia. The connection only required 3 bolts that able to sustain
the subjected load. The design of beam to beam connection also use M20 grade 8.8and 3
bolts. The designs of connections are based on Eurocode 3: design of steel structures – part 1-
8: design of joint.
1.4 Truss Design

Generally truss is known with its triangular design. Truss component is including an angles,
channels, plates and eye bars. Besides, trusses serve a critical function and design depends on
a various factor. Without truss, the roof cannot be built and the building would be exposed to
all kinds of elements such as weather changes and danger. However there has a lot type of
truss. E.g. King Post Truss, Queen Post Truss, Pratt Truss, Fan Truss, North Light Roof
Trussed, we has been selected Howe Truss design as building our roof truss.

HOWE TRUSS DESIGN: