Graphic IV.

1 Related Between Strain and Stress Cylinder

100

90 σmax= 86,624 kg/cm2

σ0,04= 84 kg/cm2
80
σp= 74,735 kg/cm2
70
Stress (σ) (kg/cm2)

60

50

40

ɛ0,04= 1,630

ɛmax= 1,667
ɛp= 1,333
30

20

10

0
x = 0,04
-0.500 0.000 0.500 1.000 1.500 2.000 2.500
Strain (ɛ)

Horizontal Scale : 1 cm : 0,125 (ɛ)

Vertical Scale : 1 cm : 10 kg/cm2 (σ)

 Graphic IV.2 Related Between Strain and Stress Cube
200.00

180.00 σmax= 175,11 kg/cm2

160.00
Stress (σ) (kg/cm2)

σ0,04= 145 kg/cm2

140.00
σp= 137,33 kg/cm2
120.00

100.00

80.00

ɛmax= 1,33
ɛ0,04= 0,8
60.00

ɛp= 0,67
40.00

20.00

0.00 x = 0,04
-2.000 -1.500 -1.000 -0.500 0.000 0.500 1.000 1.500 2.000 2.500 3.000
Strain (ɛ)

Horizontal Scale : 1 cm : 2,5 (ɛ)

Vertical Scale : 1 cm : 20 kg/cm2 (σ)

 Graphic III.1 Related Between
Sieve Size with Percent Cumulative Disadvantaged Sand
Percent Cumulative Disadvantaged ( % ) 100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Sieve Size ( mm )

Horizontal Scale : 1 cm : 1 mm

Vertical Scale : 1 cm : 10 %
 Graphic III.2 Related Between
Sieve Size with Percent Cumulative Disadvantaged Gravel
Percent Cumulative Disadvantaged (%) 60

50

40

30

20

10

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Sieve Size (mm)

Horizontal Scale : 1 cm : 2 mm

Vertical Scale : 1 cm : 0,333 %

 Graphic III.3 Related Between

Cumulative Percentage of Sand and Gravel Disadvantaged ( % )

Sieve Size with Percentage of Sand and Gravel Disadvantaged
80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0
0 5 10 15 20 25
Sieve Size (mm)

Horizontal Scale : 1 cm : 2 mm

Vertical Scale : 1 cm : 3,333 %

 Grafik III.4 : Related Between Sieve Size with Cumulative Percentage Pass

Cumulative Percentage of Sand and Gravel Disadvantaged

( Graph Aggregate Gradation Standards With Grain Maximum 20 mm )
100

90

80

70

60
(%)

50

40

30

20

10

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Sieve Size ( mm )

Horizontal Scale : 1 cm : 1 mm

Vertical Scale : 1 cm : 10 %
 GraphicVII. 2. Relationship Between Strain and Stress Tensile Strength Steel
7000

σmax = 6600 kg/cm2

6000

5000

σoff = 4087,826 kg/cm2

Stress (σ) (kg/cm2)

4000
σmelt = 3670 kg/cm2
3000

ɛmelt = 0,03

ɛmax = 0,07

ɛoff = 1
2000

1000

0
0 0.025 0.05 0.075 0.1 0.125

Strain (ɛ)

Horizontal Scale : 1 cm : 0,0625 (ɛ)

Vertical Scale : 1 cm : 1000 (kg/cm2) (σ)

 Graphic V.2 Related Between Stress and Strain Wood Meranti
500

450 σmax= 439 kg/cm2

σ0,05= 425 kg/cm2

400

350
Stress (σ) (kg/cm2)

300

250
σp= 214,29 kg/cm2
200

ɛmax= 0,85
ɛ0,05= 0,71
150

100 ɛp= 0,335

50

0
-0.40 x = 0,05 0.10 0.60 1.10 1.60
Strain (ε)

Horizontal Scale : 1 cm : 0,0625 (ɛ)

Vertical Scale : 1 cm : 100 (kg/cm2) (σ)

 Graphic V.1 Related Between Stress and Strain
Wood Camphor
160

σmax= 138 kg/cm2

140

120 σ0,05= 112 kg/cm2

σp= 99,291 kg/cm2
Stress (σ) (kg/cm2)

100

80

60

ɛ0,05= 0,415

ɛmax= 0,75
ɛp= 0,34
40

20

0
-0.60 -0.10 x = 0,05 0.40 0.90 1.40

Strain (ε)

Horizontal Scale : 1 cm : 0,0625 (ɛ)

Vertical Scale : 1 cm : 100 (kg/cm2) (σ)

 Graphic VI.1: The Relationship Between Time and Decrease Early Examination
Cement Association
52
51
50
49
48
47
46
Depreciation (mm)

45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
0 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120

Times (minute)

Horizontal Scale : 1 cm : 7,5 minute

Vertical Scale : 1 cm : 2 mm