Basics of Rigging

ProservCrane Group - Rigging: Below the Hook
www.proservcrane.com
Rigging Training Outline
What we will cover:
o Risk Management / Rigging Principles

o Loads on Rigging / The Rigging Triangle
o Application of Hardware
o Application of Slings
o Inspection of Slings
Table of Contents
RI GGING H ARDWARE OTHER RIGGING HARDWARE
RI GGING INSPEC TIO NS OTHER RIGGING INSPEC TIO NS
RI GGING TRAINI NG
Rigging Hardware
C HAIN SLINGS W IRE RO PE SL INGS
W EB SLI NGS SHAC K LES, EYE B O LTS
RO U ND SLINGS SWIV EL HO IST RINGS, HO O KS
Rigging Hardware
Chain Slings
Rigging Hardware SAFETY IS A LIFETIME VALUE
How much
can you lose
in sling
strength?
Eye length must If the shackle body has If the object lifted with a If the shackle or It is better to use a
NOT be smaller AT LEAST the same 6-strand wire rope sling in object has 2 times larger shackle or a
than twice the diameter as the sling a basket hitch is at least the diameter of a Wide Body shackle
object (e.g. a (D/d 1:1) the capacity 25 x larger than the sling 6-strand wire rope type. If the shackle
hook) diameter. need not to be adjusted diameter (D/d 25:1) the sling (D/d 2:1) the or object has at
basket capacity need not basket sling least 5x the sling
to be adjusted. capacity must be diameter (D/d 5:1)
reduced by 40% the basket sling
capacity must still
be reduced by
about 25%.
Rigging Hardware
Example of Web Sling
Rigging Hardware
Example of Synthetic Webbing Slings
Rigging Hardware
Example of Round Slings
Rigging Hardware
Wire Rope Slings Fabrication of Eye
Rigging Hardware
Use a thimble to protect sling and to increase D/d
Rigging Hardware
Shackle Differences
SPA (SCREW PIN ANCHOR) BNC (BOLT NUT & COTTER) If a shackle is designed
for a cotter pin, the
cotter pin shall be used
and maintained in
good working
condition.
ASME B30.26
Short Term Applications Long Term or Permanent

Applications
Rigging Hardware
Chain Sling Engagement of Hooks
Clevis Self Locking Grab Hook Clevis Sling Hook Weld On Hook
Hook
Plate Sorting Lifting J

Sling Hook Eye Sling Hook Hook Hook Hook
Rigging Hardware
Chain Sling Engagement of Hooks
Single Leg
Chain Sling
Make sure load is in base of

hooks and securely attached
Rigging Hardware – Eye Bolts
Apply loads in the plane of the Eye of the Eyebolt
Incorrect Orientation:
When the load is applied
to the eye in this direction
it will bend.
LOAD LOAD
Pack with washers to ensure
that shoulder is firmly in
contact with surface
RESULT
Rigging Hardware – Eye Bolts
Non-shouldered Eye Bolt
LOAD
RESULT
Rigging Inspections
C HAIN SLINGS
HO MEMADE
MO DIF IED
HOW NOT TO U SE A SHAC K LE
Rigging Inspections
Chain Slings
Quadruple
Double Chain Sling
Saddle
Rigging Inspections
Homemade Eye Bolt
Rigging Inspections
Homemade Turnbuckle
Rigging Inspections
Homemade Plate Clamp (DOG)
Rigging Inspections
Homemade Hooks
Rigging Inspections
Homemade Latch Kit
Rigging Inspections
Modified Sorting Hook
Rigging Inspections
How NOT to Use a Shackle
Rigging Training
R I S K M A N A G E M E N T / R I G G I N G P R I N C I P L ES A P P L I C AT I O N O F S L I N G S
LOA D S O N R I G G I N G / T H E R I G G I N G T R I A N G L E A P P L I C AT I O N O F H A R DWA R E
I N S P EC T I O N O F S L I N G S
Rigging Training ASME VERSION (12/10)
User’s Lifting Guide

RISK MANAGEMENT TERMINOLOGY
DEFINITION: Comprehensive set of actions that WORKING LOAD LIMIT (WLL): The maximum
reduces the risk of a problem, a failure, an mass or force which the product is authorized to
accident. support in a particular service.
ASME B30.9 requires that sling users shall be PROOF TEST: A test applied to a product solely to
trained in the selection, inspection, cautions to determine injurious material or manufacturing
personnel, effects of environment, and rigging defects.
practices. Sling identification is required on all
types of slings. ULTIMATE STRENGTH: The average load or force
at which the product fails or no longer supports
ASME B30.26 requires that rigging hardware users the load.
shall be trained in the selection, inspection,
cautions to personnel, effects of environment, and DESIGN FACTOR: An industrial term denoting a
rigging practices. All rigging hardware to be products theoretical reserve capability; usually
identified by manufacturer with name or computed by dividing the catalog ultimate load by
trademark of manufacturer. the working load limit, generally expressed as a
ratio, e.g. 5 to 1.
Rigging Training
Qualified Person
A person who, by possession of a recognized degree or certificate of

professional standing in an applicable field, or who, by extensive knowledge,
training, and experience, has successfully demonstrated the ability to solve or
resolve problems relating to the subject matter and work.
ASME B30.9 Slings

Rigging Training
Definitions
Rated Load (WLL) – The Maximum allowable working load established by the sling
manufacturer. The terms rated capacity and working load limit are commonly used to describe
rated load.
Proof Test – A nondestructive tension test of the sling or components.
Designed Breaking Load – The minimum load at which a newly fabricated and unused sling is
expected to break when loaded to destruction in direct tension.
Design Factor – The Ratio between the designated breaking load of the fabricated sling and
the rated load of the sling.
Source ASME B30.9

Rigging Training
Training
“…sling users shall be trained in the selection, inspection, cautions to

personnel, effects of environment, and rigging practices…”
ASME B30.9
ANIMATE lines one by one
Rigging Training
Evaluating the use of Rigging Gear – Problems at the Start
Competent (trained) riggers not assigned

Use of proper hand signals
Not inspecting gear “frequently”
Not knowing what to inspect for
Slings missing tags or tags not legible
Capacity of rigging gear not known
Improperly made below the hook devices
Wire rope slings formed with clips
Rigging Training
What are we lifting today?
o Weight of the load? o Location of COG?

o Has the rigging been inspected? o Path of Travel?
o Sling Selection? o Are we speaking the same language?
o Capacity of the rigging? o Will their be any angular lifting?
o Hardware Selection? o Do we need padding for edges?
o Hitch Selection? o Do we need a tagline?
o Choker, Vertical Basket? o What is our environment?
Rigging Training - Lifting
Common Rigging Considerations
o Common Hitches and Capacities o NO Homemade Devices
o Effects of Angular Loads on Slings o Communication / Language
o Effects of Angular Loads on Hardware o Rigger Competence
o Matching Hardware with Slings o Inspector Competence
INSPECTION OF SLINGS
INSPECTION FREQUENCY PER ASME B30.9:
A visual inspection shall be performed by the user or designated person each day or shift the sling is used.
A complete inspection for damage shall be performed periodically by a designated person, at least annually.
Written records of most recent inspection shall be maintained.
REJECTION CRITERIA PER ASME B30.9: Missing or illegible sling identification: Evidence of heat damage; slings that are knotted; fittings that are
pitted, corroded, cracked, bent, twisted, gouged, or broken; other conditions, including visible damage, that cause doubt as to the continued use of the
sling.
WIRE ROPE SLINGS CHAIN SLINGS WEB SLINGS ROUND SLINGS

Excessive broken wires, for strand-laid and Cracks or breaks Acid or caustic burns Acid or caustic burns
single part slings, ten randomly distributed
broken wires in one rope lay or five broken Excessive wear, nicks or gouges Melting or charring of any part of the sling Evidence of heat damage
wires in one strand in one rope lay
Stretched chain links or components Holes, tears, cuts or snags Holes, tears, cuts abrasive
Severe localized abrasion or scraping, wear or snags that expose the core yarns
kinking, crushing, birdcaging Bent, twisted or deformed chain links or Broken or worn stitching in load bearing
components splices Broken or damaged core yarns
Any other damage resulting in damage to
the rope structure Excessive pitting or corrosion Excessive abrasive wear Weld splatter that exposes
core yarns
Lack of ability of chain or components to Discoloration and brittle or stiff areas on
Severe corrosion of the rope or
hinge freely any part of the sling, which may mean Discoloration and brittle of stiff areas on
end attachments
chemical or ultraviolet / sunlight damage any part of the slings, which may mean
Weld splatter chemical or other damage
Rigging Training
Evaluating the use of Rigging Gear – Problems at the Start
ANIMATE P&Cs one by one
Rigging Training
Hitch Selection Pros and Cons
VERTICAL CHOKER BASKET
o Higher Capacity - P o Reduction in Capacity -C o Increased Capacity – P

o Load Control - C o Load Control - P o Reduction In Load Control - C
o Limited Pick Point - C o Adjustable Pick Point - P o Adjustable Pick Point - P
Rigging Training Reference page 15 - 16 in Handbook
Hardware Selection Pros and Cons

SELECTION OF SHACKLES SELECTION OF HOOKS
o SPA vs BNC o Clevis vs Eye o Latch Types

o Wide Body o Slip vs Foundry o Swivel Hooks
o Long Reach o Grab Hooks / Adjusters o Weld-on-Hooks
o Chain o Positive Locking o Sorting Hooks
o Alloy
o Carbon
ANIMATE Check marks one
by on mouse click
Rigging Training
Selection the use of Rigging Gear
Too small hardware connected to sling eye

Too large hardware connected to sling eye
Bunching or pinching of synthetic slings
Loose shackle pins or other connections
Missing latches on hoist hooks
Placing too many slings in hoist hook, shackles or other hardware
Improper side loading or misalignment of hardware
Rigging Hardware
Inspections
I N S P EC T I O N A N D A P P L I C AT I O N E Y E B O LT S
R I G G I N G P R A C T I C ES S H A C K L ES
M AT E R I A L S
C E N T E R O F G R AV I T Y
INSPECTION OF RIGGING HARDWARE
INSPECTION FREQUENCY PER ASME B30.26: A visual inspection shall be performed by the user or designated person each day before the rigging
hardware is used. A periodic inspection shall be performed by a designated person, at least annually, the rigging hardware shall be examined and a
determination made as to whether they constitute a hazard, written records are not required. Semi-permanent and inaccessible locations where
frequent inspections are not feasible shall have periodic inspections performed.
REJECTION CRITERIA PER ASME B30.26: Missing or illegible Unauthorized replacement components or other visible conditions
manufacturer’s name or trademark and/or rated load identification (or that cause doubt as to the continued use of the sling.
size as required)
Additionally inspect wire rope clips for:
A 10% or more reduction of the original dimension 1. Insufficient number of clips
Bent, twisted, distorted, stretched, elongated, cracked or broken load 2. Incorrect spacing between clips
bearing components 3. Improperly tightened clips
4. Indications of damaged wire rope or wire rope slippage
Excessive nicks, gouges, pitting and corrosion 5. Improper assembly
Indications of heat damage including weld spatter or arc strikes,
evidence of unauthorized welding Additionally, inspect wedge sockets for:
1. Indications of damaged wire rope or wire rope slippage
Loose or missing nuts, bolts, cotter pins, snap rings, or other fasteners 2. Improper assembly
and retaining devices
ADDITIONAL REJECTION CRITERIA PER ASME B30.10 - HOOKS: Any visibly apparent bend or twist from the plane of the unbent hook
Any distortion causing an increase in throat opening of 5%, not to exceed ¼”
Missing or illegible rated load identification
Missing or illegible hook manufacturer’s identification or secondary mfg. identification
Rigging Hardware Inspections
Inspection of Fittings Modification
Bolt Substitution
Welding of Hook
Any modification of any fitting is cause for

removal from service:
- Welding or Heating
- No Substitution of Parts
- No Bending
Inspection of Hardware Wear
Wear in two critical

areas of hooks is
limited to 5%.
EYE
BOWL
Inspection of Hardware Wear - Deformation
Any significant permanent deformation, or change in shape, indicates it has been overloaded
and must be removed from service.
HOOK
LATCH
SPLIT
FINGER
10% or more reduction in any sectional dimension indicates it has excessive wear, measure by
comparing to a section of fitting that has no wear, or to the catalog dimensions.
Make sure identification is legible.

Pin Damage
Rigging Hardware Inspections ASME B30.10
Deformation of Hooks
Any visible apparent bend or twist from the

plane of the unbent hook.
Any distortion causing an increase in throat

Opening of 5% or more, not to exceed ¼” or
as recommended by the manufacturer.
Inspection of Hardware Cracks and Sharp Nicks
Any crack, sharp nick or gouge in the surface

of any fitting can cause stress concentration
and is cause for removal from service.
Rigging Practices – Shackles
o The Screw Pin shall not be rigged in a manner that would cause the pin to
unscrew (ANSI B30)
o For long-term installations, Bolt-Type should be used, if Screw Pin type used,
the pin shall be secured
o Multiple slings shall not exceed 120° included angle in bow
o The pin shall be connected to the choking eye of sling when used in a choker
hitch
Rigging Practices – Shackles
o Screw Pin threads shall be fully engaged and tight, and the
shoulder should be in contact with the shackle body (ANSI B30)
o If designed for a Cotter Pin, it shall be used and maintained
o Applied load should be centered in the bow to prevent side
loading
o Multiple sling legs should not be applied to the pin
o If side loaded, the rated load shall be reduced according to
manufacturer
Rigging Hardware
4 Leg Chain Sling – Manufactured Quad
What if one leg is longer?

Rigging Hardware
4 Leg Chain Sling – Maximum Angle of Loading
Normal Working
Load limit of
standard sling
Max Working Load

limit of chain
Shackles
Screw Pin Bolt-Type

Use when picking Use in permanent
and placing a or long-term
load, tighten Installations,
pin prior to always use nut
each lift and cotter
Example of Deformation
Shackles in Use
Shackles in Use
Bolt-Type Shackles
Use Bolt-Type Shackles

when a permanent or
long term connection
Use Screw Pin Shackles

when it will be a
temporary connection
Is This Shackle Good?
Side Loading of Shackles – NEVER SIDE LOAD A CENTER SHACKLE
NEVER SIDE LOAD

A CENTER SHACKLE
Rigging Hardware Inspections Reference page 16
in Handbook
Shackle Orientation
When a single sling

leg is placed in a
shackle, orientate
the shackle to best
allow the rigging
Shackles Placed on Hooks
Hook Position
Hooks that face OUT will have less chance of fouling
and rotate into position and center themselves
Hooks that face IN will have a higher chance of

fouling, resulting in point loading the hook
ASME Expectations
Shackle Body Identification Shackle Pin Identification
Each shackle body shall have durable markings by the Each Shackle pin shall have durable markings by
manufacturer to show the manufacturer to show
1. Name or trademark of Manufacturer 1. Name or trademark of Manufacturer
2. Rated Load 2. Grade, material type, or load rating
3. Size
ASME B30.26 RIGGING HARDWARE ASME B30.26 RIGGING HARDWARE

ASME Expectations – Ductility
The shackle shall have sufficient ductility to permanently deform before losing
the ability to support the load at the temperatures the manufacturer has
specified for use.
ASME B30.26 RIGGING HARDWARE

ASME Expectations – Rated Load
The maximum allowable working load established by the rigging hardware

manufacturer. The terms rated capacity and working load limit are commonly
used to describe rated load.
ASME B30.26 RIGGING HARDWARE

Tensile Strength and Ductility
Tensile Strength Ductility is the Ability

is the Ability to to Deform when
Carry a Load Overloaded
Fatigue Properties
The ability to
withstand repeated
applications of a load
is known as fatigue
strength
Impact Properties
The ability to
withstand a rapidly
applied load is known
as its impact strength
Rigging Hardware Inspections ASME B30.26 and B30.10
Hooks Identification
o Name or trademark of manufacturing shall be forged, cast or die stamped
o Markings to be provided by the manufacturer
o Identification should be maintained by the user so as to be legible
throughout the life
o Shall be removed from service if missing or illegible identification
Note: ASME B30.10 for Hooks: Manufacturer’s identification and rated load
identification required.
Shackle NOT to USE!!
Chinese Shackle
Proof Testing Chinese Shackle
Chinese Shackle
Proof Tested Chinese Shackle
Chinese Shackle Pin Damage
Chinese Shackle Pin Damage #2
Destruction Test Certificate
in Handbook
The Rigging Triangle – Basic Facts

o Angular or side loading can occur at load
o Sling length affects horizontal sling angle
o 60° horizontal sling angle or bigger is best, 30° is worst choice
o As the sling angle becomes smaller, the load is “crushed” and slings work
harder
o The fittings at load connection see the same loss as the sling
Rigging Hardware Inspections ASME B30.9
Chain Sling Identification. Chain sling shall be marked to show:

o Name or trademark of manufacturer, or if repaired, the entity performing
repairs
o Grade
o Nominal chain size
o Number of legs
o Rated load for at least one hitch type and the angle upon which it is based
Hinge Points – Wire Rope and Synthetic Slings
Best practice
with sub-links
Improved practice
over placing
directly in hook
Sub-links are best for all types of three and four legs slings
Center of Gravity – Sling Loading
Center of Gravity and Loading
Animate “Safety Factor
5Ton Sling” (both sides)
Arrow(s)?
Center of Gravity and Loading
Safety Factor 5 TON SLING

5 TON SLING
in Handbook
Sling Angles: Two Legged Sling – Wire Rope – Chain - Synthetics

Sling Loading: Single Leg
Protect slings against sharp edges
Protect slings against sharp edges
The Rigging Triangle
The three angles

of 60 degrees
all add up to
180 degrees
Rigging Hardware Inspections Reference page 18 - 19
in Handbook
Rigging Practice Eye Bolts

o Should be secured against rotation
o Eye bolts not shouldered to the load shall only be used for in-line loads
o Only shoulder eye bolts shall be used for angular lifting
o Eye bolts shall be used for angular lifting
o Shock loading should be avoided
Rigging Practice - Swivel Hoist Rings
o The swivel hoist ring shall be tightened to the torque specifications
o The swivel hoist ring shall be free to rotate and pivot without interference
o The load applied to the swivel hoist ring shall be centered in the bail
Rigging Hardware Inspections Reference page 19 in
Handbook
Rigging Practice – Eye Nuts

o Eye Nuts should be secured against rotation
o The threads of the eye nut shall be fully engaged
o Eye Nuts shall only be used for in-line loads
o The plane of the eye may be positioned with a flat washer(s) or lock nut
Rigging Accessories
EYE BOLT HOIST RING

Eye Bolts
Shoulder Non-Shoulder
Machinery Bolt
Eye Bolt Eye Bolt
Animate in following order:
1. RIGHT! And check mark
2. Load is…
Rigging Hardware Inspections 3. Stop sign and WRONG!

4. Load is not…
Eye Bolt Installation Angular Loading. Which is Right, Which is Wrong.
Load is in the
plane of the eye
Load is not in the
plane of the eye
Never Reeve Slings through Eye Bolts
Reeving will greatly increase the loads

and affects the effective sling angle
Other Rigging Hardware
TU RNB U C K LES
TERMINATI O N TYPES
W IRE RO PE C L IPS
W HERE TO ADD C L IPS TO W I RE RO PE
Rigging Practice - Turnbuckles
o Load applied should be in-line and is tension, turnbuckles should not be side
loaded
o Should be rigged or secured to prevent unscrewing during the lift
o For long-term installations, secure to prevent unscrewing
o Should be adjusted with a properly sized wrench, used on the wrench flats of
the turnbuckle body
Other Rigging Hardware Reference page 23 in Handbook
Crosby Turnbuckles
Eye and Jaw turnbuckles are suitable Hook turnbuckles are not suitable
for overhead lifting for overhead lifting
Securing Turnbuckles
Termination Types
Turnback Eye Spelter Socket Wedge Socket
Swage Flemish
Socket Eye Wire Rope
Clip Eye
Rigging Practice – Wire Rope Clips
o The saddle shall be placed on the live end of the wire rope, with the U-bolt
on the dead end
o Use at least the minimum number, spacing and turnback of clips as
recommended by the manufacturer…
o Wire rope clip shall be tightened to the torque recommended by the
manufacturer...
o After assembly, the connection shall be loaded to at least the expected
working load, the clips shall be retightened to the recommended torque
Example of Wire Rope Clip
Never Saddle A Dead Horse!
o This common phrase is a way to remember

the correct way to install a wire rope clip.
o It tells you that the U-bolt goes on the dead

end of the rope – where crushing will not
affect the strength of the rope.
Never Saddle A Dead Horse!
Where to Apply Clips to Wire Rope – Step 1
Apply first clip one base width from

dead end, use torque wrench to
tighten nuts evenly, alternating from
one nut to the other until reaching
the recommended torque
Apply second clip as near the

thimble as possible, use torque
wrench to tighten nuts eve,
alternating from one nut to the
other until reaching the
recommended torque
Apply third and additional clips

evenly between the first two, use
torque wrench to tighten nuts
evenly, alternating from one nut to
the other until reaching the
recommended torque
Other Inspections
WIRE ROPE SLINGS P O LY ES T E R R O U N D S L I N G S
FITTINGS WEB SLINGS
CHAIN SLINGS
SYNTHETIC SLINGS
Other Inspections Reference page 9 in Handbook
Inspection of Wire Rope Slings – Removal Criteria
o Missing or illegible sling identification

o Excessive broken wires
o Severe localized abrasion or scraping
o Kinking, crushing, birdcaging, or any other damage
resulting in damage to the rope structure
ASME B30.9
Other Inspections
Inspection of Fittings – Wire Rope Terminations
More than one

broken wire at any
(within one wire
rope diameter of the
fitting) termination is
cause for removal
from service
Other Inspections ASME B30.9
Inspection of Wire Rope Slings – Broken Wires

Strand Laid and Single Part Slings
10 randomly broken
wires in one rope lay,
or 5 wires in one
strand in one rope
lay is cause for
REMOVAL
Inspection of Wire Rope Slings – Removal Criteria
o Evidence of heat damage

o End attachments that are cracked, deformed, or
worn
o Severe corrosion of the rope, end attachments, or
fittings
o Other conditions, including visible, that cause
doubt as to the continued use of the sling
Other Inspections
Inspection of Wire Rope Slings – Kinking
Kinking is cause for

removal of service
Other Inspections
Inspection of Wire Rope Slings – Dogleg
Look for displaced strand, if a

strand is significantly dislocated,
remove from service
Inspection Chain Slings – Removal of Criteria

o Cracks or breaks
o Excessive wear, nicks, or gouges
o Stretched chain links or components
o Bent, twisted, or deformed chain links or components
Inspection Chain Slings – Removal of Criteria

o Excessive pitting or corrosion
o Lack of ability of chain or components to hinge freely
o Weld splatter
o Other conditions, including visible damage, that cause doubt as
to the continued use of the sling
Other Inspections
Chain Slings
Other Inspections
Inspection Chain Slings - Stretch
Other Inspections
Inspection Chain Slings – Wear
v
Wear not to exceed 10%
OR refer to chart for specific
allowance for maximumv wear
(or minimum thickness)
Other Inspections
Inspection Chain Slings
Other Inspections
Inspection Chain Slings – Deformation
Other Inspections
Inspection Chain Slings – Cracks, Nicks, and Gouges
Other Inspections
Inspection Chain Slings – Other Damage
Other Inspections
Missing
Latch
Bent
Hook
Other Inspections
o Capacity
o Legible
o Type
o Current Inspection
WORKING LOAD LIMIT (W.W.L.) (LBS)

Working Load Trade Size (in.) Grade 30 Grade 40 Grade 70 Grade 80 Grade 100
Limit 7/32 - - - 2100 2700
3/16 800 - - - -
Comparison 1/4 1300 2600 3150 3500 4300
5/16 1900 3900 4700 4500 5700
3/8 2650 5400 6600 7100 8800
7/16 - 7200 8750 - -
1/2 4500 9200 11300 12000 15000
5/8 6900 13000 - 18100 22600
3/4 10600 20200 - 28300 35300
7/8 12800 24500 - 34200 42700
1 17900 26500 - 47700 -
1-1/4 - - - 72300 -
1-1/2 - - - 100000 -
1-3/4 - - - 131250 -
2 - - - 175000 -
Other Inspections
Grade 3 Chain – NOT APPROVED for Overhead Lifting
Other Inspections
Other Inspections
Other Inspections
Alloy Chain Grade 8 & 10 – RECOMMENDED for Overhead Lifting
Inspection of Web Slings – Cause for Removal

o Acid or caustic burns
o Melting or charring of any part of the sling
o Holes, tears, cuts, or snags
o Broken or worn stitching in bearing splices
o Excessive abrasive wear
Inspection of Web Slings – Cause for Removal
o Knots in any part of sling

o Discoloration and brittle or stiff areas on any part of the sling,
which may mean chemical or ultraviolet / sunlight damage
o Fittings that are pitted, corroded, cracked, bent, twisted, gouged,
or broken chain link sling
o Other conditions, including visible damage, that cause doubt as to
the continued use of the slings
Other Inspections
ASME B30.9
WSTDA-UV-SLING
Synthetic Webbing Slings – Ultraviolet Light
o The strength of synthetic webbing slings can be degraded by exposure to

sunlight or ultraviolet light
o Visual signs of degradation are:
- Bleaching out of web sling color
- Increased stiffness of web sling material
- Surface abrasions in areas not normally in contact with the load
Other Inspections
Inspection of Synthetic Webbing Slings – Red Marker Threads
Other Inspections
Video 5 goes here.
VIDEO 5 GOES HERE. CURRENT FILE DOES NOT WORK. NEED NATIVE VIDEO FILE.
Other Inspections
General Rules for Using a Synthetic Sling
o Recognize the different techniques for lifting with a
strap and the different lifting capacity for each one.
o Never lift hot parts with a non-metallic strap.
o Never subject a strap to a sharp edge.
o Lift part level by centering the strap on the load.
o Inspect strap before each use for cuts, tears, or
frayed strands.
o Check Date
StrenFlex
Other Inspections
DO NOT USE if…...
Other Inspections
DO NOT USE if…...
Other Inspections
DO NOT USE if…...
Other Inspections
DO NOT USE if…...
Other Inspections
DO NOT USE if…...
Other Inspections
DO NOT USE if…...
Nylon and Polyester Web Slings – Chemically Active Environments
o The strength of synthetic webbing slings can be degraded by chemically

active environments
o Sling materials may be susceptible to damage from caustic or acid
substances, vapors or fumes
o Strongly oxidizing environments attack all common sling materials
o The sling manufacturing or qualified person should be consulted before
slings are used in chemically active environments
Polyester Round slings – Removal From Service

o Acid or caustic burns
o Holes, tears, cuts, abrasive wear, or snags that expose the core yarns
o Broken or damaged core yarns
o Weld splatter that exposes core yarns
o Round slings that are knotted

o Discoloration and brittle or stiff areas on any part of
the slings, which may mean chemical or other damage
o Fittings that are pitted, corroded, cracked, bent, twisted, gouged, or broken
o Other conditions, including visible damage, that may cause doubt as to the continued use
of the sling
Polyester Round slings – Chemically Active Environments
o The strength of round slings can be degraded by chemically active environments

o Sling materials may be susceptible to damage from caustic or acid substances, vapors or
fumes
o The sling manufacturer or qualified person should be consulted before slings are used in
chemically active environments
o In chemically active environments the cover shall be the same type yarn as the load-
bearing core
Repair of Synthetic Round slings
o Slings shall be repaired only by the sling manufacturer or a qualified person, a repaired
sling shall be marked to identify repairing agency
o Cracked, broken, melted or damaged webbing material or fittings shall not be repaired,
they shall be replaced
o There shall be no repairs of load bearing yarns
o Temporary repairs of round slings or fittings shall not be permitted
o All repaired slings shall be proof tested (except when replacing identification)
Other Inspections
Chain Sling Identification
Sling identification requirements: (Must be legible during life of sling)
o Name or trademark of manufacturer
o Grade
o Individual sling identification (Serial Numbers)
o Nominal chain size
o Number of legs
o Rated load for at least one hitch type and the angle upon which it is based
o Length (Reach)
Other Inspections
Other Inspections
Other Inspections
Other Inspections
Piece of Wood ANIMATE ONE AT A
TIME BY CLICK
Big Hook
Shackle
Pin
Bungee Cord

Basics of Rigging

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Basics of Rigging

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ProservCrane Group - Rigging: Below the Hook

o Risk Management / Rigging Principles

Short Term Applications Long Term or Permanent

Plate Sorting Lifting J

Make sure load is in base of

User’s Lifting Guide

A person who, by possession of a recognized degree or certificate of

ASME B30.9 Slings

Source ASME B30.9

“…sling users shall be trained in the selection, inspection, cautions to

Competent (trained) riggers not assigned

o Weight of the load? o Location of COG?

WIRE ROPE SLINGS CHAIN SLINGS WEB SLINGS ROUND SLINGS

VERTICAL CHOKER BASKET

o Higher Capacity - P o Reduction in Capacity -C o Increased Capacity – P

Hardware Selection Pros and Cons

o SPA vs BNC o Clevis vs Eye o Latch Types

Too small hardware connected to sling eye

Any modification of any fitting is cause for

Wear in two critical

Make sure identification is legible.

Any visible apparent bend or twist from the

Any distortion causing an increase in throat

Any crack, sharp nick or gouge in the surface

What if one leg is longer?

Max Working Load

Screw Pin Bolt-Type

Use Bolt-Type Shackles

Use Screw Pin Shackles

NEVER SIDE LOAD

When a single sling

Hooks that face IN will have a higher chance of

Shackle Body Identification Shackle Pin Identification

ASME B30.26 RIGGING HARDWARE ASME B30.26 RIGGING HARDWARE

ASME B30.26 RIGGING HARDWARE

The maximum allowable working load established by the rigging hardware

ASME B30.26 RIGGING HARDWARE

Tensile Strength Ductility is the Ability

The Rigging Triangle – Basic Facts

Chain Sling Identification. Chain sling shall be marked to show:

Safety Factor 5 TON SLING

Sling Angles: Two Legged Sling – Wire Rope – Chain - Synthetics

The three angles

Rigging Practice Eye Bolts

Rigging Practice – Eye Nuts

EYE BOLT HOIST RING

Rigging Hardware Inspections 3. Stop sign and WRONG!

Eye Bolt Installation Angular Loading. Which is Right, Which is Wrong.

Reeving will greatly increase the loads

Turnback Eye Spelter Socket Wedge Socket

o This common phrase is a way to remember

o It tells you that the U-bolt goes on the dead

Apply first clip one base width from

Apply second clip as near the

Apply third and additional clips

Inspection of Wire Rope Slings – Removal Criteria

o Missing or illegible sling identification

More than one

Inspection of Wire Rope Slings – Broken Wires

Inspection of Wire Rope Slings – Removal Criteria

o Evidence of heat damage

Kinking is cause for

Look for displaced strand, if a

Inspection Chain Slings – Removal of Criteria