MATH SL

EXERCISES 3.4-3.6 SOLUTIONS

TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES – EQUATIONS – GRAPHS
Compiled by: Christos Nikolaidis

TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES
A. Practice Questions

1. (a) cos x = 1 − p 2

p 2 p 1− p2
(b) tan x = , cos2x= 1 − 2 p 2 , sin2x = 2 p 1 − p 2 , tan2x = ,
1− p2 1− 2 p2

sin4x = 4 p 1 − p 2 (1 − 2 p 2 )

p
2. (a) tan20o = , sin40o =2pq, cos40o = q 2 − p 2 = 1 − 2 p 2 = 2q 2 − 1
q
(b)
sin160o p sin200o –p
cos160o –q cos200o –q
tan160o – p/q tan200o p/q

sin340o –p sin(-20o) –p
cos340o q cos(-20o) q
tan340o – p/q tan(-20o) – p/q

B. Past Paper Questions (SHORT)

3. (a) Acute angle 30° (M1)

Note: Award the (M1) for 30° and/or quadrant diagram/graph seen
2nd quadrant since sine positive and cosine negative ⇒ θ = 150° (A1) (C2)
1
1
(b) tan 150° = –tan 30° or tan 150° = 2 = – (M1) (A1) (C2)
3 3
−
2
[4]
4. Note:Throughout this question, do not accept methods which involve finding θ .
(a) Evidence of correct approach A1
BC 5
eg sin θ = , BC = 32 − 2 2 = 5 sin θ = AG N0
AB 3
 5  2  4 5
(b) Evidence of using sin 2θ = 2 sin θ cos θ = 2   =
 3 
(M1) A1 AG N0
 3  9
(c) Evidence of using an appropriate formula for cos 2θ M1
4 5 4 5  80 
eg − , 2 × − 1 , 1 − 2 × , 1 − 
9 9 9 9  81 
1
cos 2θ = − A2 N2
9
[6]

1
 5 12 12
5. sin A = ⇒ cos A = ± But A is obtuse ⇒ cos A = – (A1) (A1)
13 13 13
5  12  120
sin 2A = 2 sin A cos A= 2 × ×−  = – (M1) (A1) (C4)
13  13  169
[4]
6. (a) (i) sin 140° = p (ii) cos 70° = −q A1A1 N1N1
(b) METHOD 1
evidence of using sin2 θ + cos2 θ = 1 (M1)
cos 140° = ± 1 − p cos 140° = − 1 − p
2 2
(A1)A1 N2
METHOD 2
evidence of using cos2 θ = 2 cos2 θ − 1 (M1)
cos 140° = 2 cos2 70 − 1= 2(− q)2 −1 (= 2q2 − 1) (A1) A1 N2
(c) METHOD 1 METHOD 2
sin 140° p p
tan 140° = =− tan 140° = A1 N1
cos 140° 1− p 2 2q − 1
2

[6]
7. (a) evidence of choosing the formula cos2 A = 2cos2 A − 1 (M1)
correct substitution A1
2 2
1 8 1 7
eg cos 2A =   − , cos 2 A = 2 ×   − 1 cos 2 A = − A1 N2
3 9 3 9
(b) METHOD 1
evidence of using sin2 B + cos2 B = 1 (M1)
5  5  5  5 
cos B = ± = ± cos B = − = − (A1) A1 N2
9  3  9  3 
METHOD 2

Diagram, eg M1
for finding third side equals 5 (A1)
5
cos B = − A1 N2
3
[6]
8. (a) x is an acute angle => cosx is positive. (M1)
2
2 2 1
2 8 2 2
cos x+sin x =1=> cosx = 1 – sin x = 1 –   = (= ) (M1) (A1)(A1)(C4)
3 9 3
2
2 1 7
(b) cos2x = 1 – 2sin x = 1 – 2   = (M1) (A1) (C2)
3 9
  1 
Notes: (a) Award (M1)(M0)(A1)(A0) for. cos  sin –1    = 0.943
  3 
  1 
(b) Award (M1)(A0) for.cos  2 sin –1    = 0.778.
  3 
Extra question
(c) Use the identities:
tanx = sinx/cosx sin2x = 2sinxcosx tan2x = sin2x/cos2x
sin4x = 2sin2xcos2x cos4x = cos22x – sin22x

2
TRIGONOMETRIC EQUATIONS
A. Practice Questions
9.
in degrees in radians
− 180 ≤ x ≤ 180
o o
−π ≤ x ≤ π
1 π 5π
sin x = x = 30 o , x = 150 o x= , x=
2 6 6
2 π 3π
sin x = x = 45 o , x = 135 o x= , x=
2 4 4
3 π 2π
sin x = x = 60 o , x = 120 o x= , x=
2 3 3
1 π 5π
sin x = − x = −30 o , x = −150 o x=− , x=−
2 6 6
2 π 3π
sin x = − x = −45 o , x = −135 o x=− , x=−
2 4 4
3 π 2π
sin x = − x = −60 o , x = −120 o x=− , x=−
2 3 3
sin x = 0 x = −180o , x = 0o , x = 180o x = −π , x = 0 , x = π
sin x = 1 x = 90o x =π /2
sin x = −1 x = −90o x = −π / 2

10. (i) x = 210o , x = 300o (ii) x = 7π / 6 , x = 11π / 6

11.
in degrees in radians
− 180 ≤ x ≤ 180
o o
−π ≤ x ≤ π
1 π π
cos x = x = 60 o , x = −60 o x= , x=−
2 3 3
2 π π
cos x = x = 45 o , x = −45 o x= , x=−
2 4 4
3 π π
cos x = x = 30 o , x = −30 o x= , x=−
2 6 6
1 2π 2π
cos x = − x = 120 o , x = −120 o x= , x=−
2 3 3
2 3π 3π
cos x = − x = 135 o , x = −135 o x= , x=−
2 4 4
3 5π 5π
cos x = − x = 150 o , x = −150 o x= , x=−
2 6 6
cos x = 0 x = 90 o , x = −90 o x = π / 2 , x = −π / 2
cos x = 1 x = 0o x=0
cos x = −1 x = 180 o , x = −180 o x = π , x = −π

12. (i) x = 60 o , x = 300 o (ii) x = π / 3 , x = 5π / 3

13. (i) x = 120 o , x = 240 o (ii) x = 2π / 3 , x = 4π / 3

3
14.
in degrees in radians
− 180 ≤ x ≤ 180
o o
−π ≤ x ≤ π
π 2π
tan x = 3 x = 60 o , x = − 120 o x= , x=−
3 3
π 3π
tan x = 1 x = 45 o , x = − 135 o x= , x=−
4 4
3 π 5π
tan x = x = 30 o , x = − 150 o x= , x=−
3 6 6

tan x = 0 x = 0 o , x = 180 o , x = − 180 o x = 0 , x = π , x = −π

3 π 5π
tan x = − x = −30 o , x = 150 o x=− , x=
3 6 6
π 3π
tan x = −1 x = −45 o , x = 135 o x=− , x=
4 4
π 2π
tan x = − 3 x = −60 o , x = 120 o x=− , x=
3 3

15.
in degrees in radians
0 ≤ x ≤ 360
o o
0 ≤ x ≤ 2π
π 4π
tan x = 3 x = 60 o , x = 240 o x= , x=
3 3
π 5π
tan x = 1 x = 45 o , x = 225 o x= , x=
4 4
3 π 7π
tan x = x = 30 o , x = 210 o x= , x=
3 6 6

tan x = 0 x = 0 o , x = 180 o , x = 360 o x = 0 , x = π , x = 2π

3 5π 11π
tan x = − x = 150 o , x = 330 o x= , x= ,
3 6 6
3π 7π
tan x = −1 x = 135 o , x = 315 o x= , x= ,
4 4
2π 5π
tan x = − 3 x = 120 o , x = 300 o x= , x=
3 3

4
B. Past Paper Questions (SHORT)

16. METHOD 1
2cos2 x = 2sin x cos x (M1)
2cos2 x – 2sin x cos x = 0
2 cos x(cos x – sin x) = 0 (M1)
cos x = 0, (cos x – sin x) = 0 (A1)(A1)
π π
x= ,x= (A1)(A1) (C6)
2 4
METHOD 2
Graphical solutions
EITHER
for both graphs y = 2cos2 x, y = sin 2 x, (M2)
OR
for the graph of y = 2cos2 x – sin 2 x. (M2)
THEN
Points representing the solutions clearly indicated (A1)
1.57, 0.785 (A1)
π π
x= ,x= (A1)(A1) (C6)
2 4
Notes: If no working shown, award (C4) for one correct answer.
Award (C2)(C2) for each correct decimal answer 1.57, 0.785.
Award (C2)(C2) for each correct degree answer 90°, 45°.
Penalize a total of [1 mark] for any additional answers.
[6]
17. (a) (3 sin x – 2)(sin x – 3) (A1)(A1) (C2)
2
Note: Award A1 if 3x – 11x + 6 correctly factorized to give
(3x – 2)(x – 3) (or equivalent with another letter).
(b) (i) (3sinx – 2)(sinx – 3) = 0
2
sin x = sin x = 3 (A1)(A1) (C2)
3
(ii) x = 41.8°, 138° (A1)(A1) (C2)
Notes: Penalize [1 mark] for any extra answers and [1 mark] for answers in radians.
i.e. Award A1 A0 for 41.8°, 138° and any extra answers.
Award A1 A0 for 0.730, 2.41.
Award A0 A0 for 0.730, 2.41 and any extra answers.
[6]
18. (a) 2cos2 x + sin x = 2(1 – sin2 x) + sin x
= 2 – 2sin2 x +sin x (A1)
2
(b) 2cos x + sin x = 2
⇒ 2 – 2sin2 x + sin x = 2
sin x – 2sin2 x = 0
sin x(1 – 2sin x) = 0
1
sin x = 0 or sin x = (M1)
2
sin x = 0 ⇒ x = 0 or π (0° or 180°) (A1)
Note: Award (A1) for both answers
1 π 5π
sin x = ⇒x= or (30° or 150°) (A1)
2 6 6
Note: Award (A1) for both answers
[4]

5
19. (a) 3sin2 x + 4cos x = 3(1 – cos2 x) + 4cos x
= 3 – 3cos2 + 4 cos x (A1) (C1)
2 2
(b) 3sin x + 4 cos x – 4 = 0 ⇒3 – 3cos x + 4 cos x – 4 = 0
⇒ 3cos2 x – 4cos x + 1 = 0 (A1)
(3cos x – 1)(cos x – 1) = 0
1
cos x = or cos x = 1
3
x = 70.5° or x = 0 (A1)(A1) (C3)
Note: Award (C1) for each correct radian answer, i.e. x = 1.23 or x = 0
[4]
20. (a) 2sin2x = 2(1 – cos2x) = 2 – 2cos2x = l + cosx (M1)
2
=> 2cos x + cosx – l = 0 (A1) (C2)
2 2
Note: Award the first (M1) for replacing sin x by 1 – cos x.
(b) 2 cos2 x + cosx – 1 = (2cos x – 1) (cos x +1) (A1) (C1)
1
(c) cos x = or cos x = –l
2
=> x = 60°, 180° or 300° (A1)(A1)(A1) (C3)
Note: Award (A1)(A1)(A0) if the correct answers are given in
π 5π
radians (i.e. ,π , , or 1.05, 3.14, 5.24)
3 3
[6]
21. (a) 3(1 − 2 sin2 x) + sin x = 1 (A1)
6 sin2 x − sin x − 2 = 0 (p = 6, q = −1, r = −2) (A1) (C2)
(b) (3 sin x − 2)(2 sin x + 1) (A1)(A1) (C2)
(c) 4 solutions (A2) (C2)
[6]
22. 3 cos x = sin x ⇒ tan x = 3 ⇒ x = 60 or x = 240 o o

[4]
23. (a) EITHER
by sketching the graph of f (x) = 3cosx – 5sinx (in degrees) x = 31° or x = 211°
OR
sin x 3
3 cos x = 5 sin x ⇒ = (M1)
cos x 5
⇒ tan x = 0.6 (A1)
x = 31° or x = 211° (to the nearest degree) (A1)(A1)(C2)(C2)
Note: Deduct [1 mark] if there are more than two answers.
(b) Sketch the graphs by GDC, x= 0, x= 1.80 x= 2.51 [3 s.f.] (4)
[8]
1 1
24. tan2x = ⇒ tanx = ± ⇒ x = 30° or x = 150° (M1)(M1) (A1)(A1)
3 3
[other methods must give the same answers]
[4]

6
TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

A. Practice Questions

25. Complete the following table

Function Amplitude Period Range

f ( x) = sin x 1 2π −1 ≤ y ≤ 1
f ( x) = cos x 1 2π −1 ≤ y ≤ 1
f ( x) = sin x + 1 1 2π 0≤ y≤2
f ( x) = sin x − 1 1 2π −2≤ y ≤0
f ( x) = 5 sin x 5 2π −5 ≤ y ≤ 5
f ( x) = −7 sin x 7 2π −7≤ y ≤ 7
f ( x) = sin 4 x 1 π /2 −1 ≤ y ≤ 1
f ( x) = − cos 4 x 1 π /2 −1 ≤ y ≤ 1
f ( x) = 3 sin 4 x 3 π /2 −3≤ y ≤ 3
f ( x) = 3 sin 4 x + 10 3 π /2 7 ≤ y ≤ 13
f ( x) = 3 sin 4 x − 2 3 π /2 −5 ≤ y ≤1
f ( x) = −5 sin 3 x 5 2π / 3 −1 ≤ y ≤ 1
f ( x) = −5 sin x + 10 5 2π 5 ≤ y ≤ 15
f ( x) = tan x π y∈R
f ( x) = tan 4 x π /4 y∈R
f ( x) = 5 tan 4 x + 10 π /4 y∈R

26. (a) amplitude = 80, central value = 100, period = π/2

2π 2π
(b) f ( x) = 80 sin 4 x + 100 , since B = = =4
Period π / 2
π π
(c) (i) f ( x) = −80 sin 4( x − ) + 100 , (D = is the position of the 2nd (↓) root)
4 4
π π
(ii) f ( x) = 80 cos 4( x − ) + 100 , (D = is the position of the maximum)
8 8
3π 3π
(iii) f ( x) = −80 cos 4( x − ) + 100 ( D = is the position of the minimum)
8 8
27. f ( x) = 60 sin 4 x + 100 , 0 ≤ x ≤ π
y
180

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20
x
-π/4 -π/8 π/8 π/4 3π/8 π/2 5π/8 3π/4 7π/8 π 9π/8

7
28. f ( x) = 60 cos 4 x + 100 , 0 ≤ x ≤ π
y
180

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20
x
-π/4 -π/8 π/8 π/4 3π/8 π/2 5π/8 3π/4 7π/8 π 9π/8

29. f ( x) = −60 sin 4 x + 80 , 0 ≤ x ≤ π

y
160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20
x
-π/4 -π/8 π/8 π/4 3π/8 π/2 5π/8 3π/4 7π/8 π 9π/8

30. f ( x) = −60 cos 4 x + 80 , 0 ≤ x ≤ π

y
160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20
x
-π/4 -π/8 π/8 π/4 3π/8 π/2 5π/8 3π/4 7π/8 π 9π/8

(i) k = 140 (ii) k = 20 (iii) 20 < k < 140 (iv) k < 20 or k > 140

8
B. Past Paper Questions (SHORT)

31. (a) Evidence of choosing the double angle formula (M1)

f (x) = 15 sin (6x) A1 N2
(b) Evidence of substituting for f (x) (M1)
eg 15 sin 6x = 0, sin 3x = 0 and cos 3x = 0
6x = 0, π, 2π
π π
x = 0, , A1A1A1 N4
6 3
[6]

32. (a) period = π A1 N1

(b)
y
4
3
2
1
0 π π 3π 2π x
–1 2 2
–2
–3
–4

A1A1A1 N3
Note: Award A1 for amplitude of 3, A1 for their
period, A1 for a sine curve passing through(0, 0) and (0, 2π).
(c) evidence of appropriate approach (eg line y = 2 on graph) (M1)
4 (solutions) A1 N2
[6]
33. (a) (i) –1 (A1) (C1)
(ii) 4π (accept 720°) (A2) (C2)
(b)
y

π 3π2

(G1)
number of solutions: 4 (A2) (C3)
[6]
 π
34. From sketch of graph y = 4sin  3 x +  (M2)
 2
or by observing |sin θ| ≤ 1. k > 4, k < –4 (A1)(A1)(C2)(C2)
4

0
–2π –π 0 π 2π

–1

–2

–3

–4
[4]

9
35. 3 = p + q cos 0 so 3 = p + q (M1) (A1)
–1 = p + q cos π ⇒ –1 = p – q (M1) (A1)
(a) p = 1 (b)q = 2 (A1) (A1)(C3)(C3)
[6]
36. (a) p = 30 A2 2
(b) METHOD 1
Period = 2π = π ⇒ q = 4 (M2) (A1)A1 4
q 2
METHOD 2
Horizontal stretch of scale factor = 1 , scale factor = 1/4 ⇒ q = 4 (M2)(A1) A1 4
q
[6]
37. METHOD 1
The value of cosine varies between –1 and +1. Therefore:
t = 0 ⇒ a + b = 14.3
t = 6 ⇒ a – b = 10.3
⇒ 2a = 24.6 ⇒ a = 12.3 ⇒ 2b = 4.0 ⇒ b = 2 (A1) (A1)(C1)(C1)
2π(12)
Period = 12 hours ⇒ = 2π⇒ k = 12 (M1) (A1) (C2)
k
METHOD 2
y

14.3

10.3

6 12 18 24 t (h)
From consideration of graph: Midpoint = a = 12.3 (A1) (C1)
Amplitude = b = 2 (A1) (C1)
2π
Period = = 12⇒ k = 12 (M1) (A1) (C2)
2π
k
[4]
π  3π 
38. a = 4, b = 2, c =  or etc  A2A2A2 N6
2  2 
[6]
39. (a)
y
10

–360° –180° 0 180° 360° x

–5

–10 Correct asymptotes A1A1 N2

(b) (i) Period = 360° (accept 2π) (ii) f (90°) = 2 A1N1A1N1
(c) 270°, −90° A1A1 N1N1
Notes: Penalize 1 mark for any additional values.
 3π π 
Penalize 1 mark for correct answers given in radians  , − , or 4.71, −1.57  .
 2 2 
[6]

10
40. (a) when y = 0 (may be implied by a sketch) (A1)
8π
x= or 2.79 (A1) (C2)
9
(b) METHOD 1
Sketch of appropriate graph(s) (M1)
Indicating correct points (A1)
x = 3.32 or x = 5.41 (A1)(A1)(C2)(C2)
METHOD 2
 π 1
sin  x +  = −
 9 2
π 7π π 11π
x+ = , x+ = (A1)(A1)
9 6 9 6
7π π 11π π
x= − , x= −
6 9 6 9
19π 31π
x= , x= ( x = 3.32, x = 5.41) (A1)(A1)(C2)(C2)
18 18
[6]
41. (a)
y
15

10

π 0 π x
–
3 3

–5
A1A1A1 N3
Note: Award A1 for passing through (0, 0), A1 for correct shape, A1 for a range of
approximately −1 to 15.
(b) evidence of attempt to solve f (x) = 1 (M1)
sin x
eg line on sketch, using tan x =
cos x
x = −0.207 x = 0.772 A1A1 N3
[6]
42. (a) b=6 (A1) (C1)
(b)
y
B

x
1 2

(A3) (C3)
(c) x = 1.05 (accept (1.05, −0.896) ) (correct answer only, no additional
solutions) (A2) (C2)
[6]

11
 C. Past Paper Questions (LONG)

43. (a) f (1) = 3 f(5) = 3 (A1)(A1) 2

(b) EITHER distance between successive maxima = period (M1)
=5–1 (A1)
=4 (AG)
2π
OR Period of sin kx = ; (M1)
k
2π
so period = =4 (A1) (AG) 2
π
2
π  3π 
(c) EITHER Asin   + B = 3 and Asin   + B = –1 (M1) (M1)
2  2 
⇔ A + B = 3, – A + B = –1 (A1)(A1)
⇔ A = 2, B = 1 (AG)(A1)
OR Amplitude = A (M1)
3 − (−1) 4
A= = (M1)
2 2
A=2 (AG)
Midpoint value = B (M1)
3 + (−1) 2
B= = =1 (M1) (A1) 5
2 2
Note: As the values of A = 2 and B = 1 are likely to be quite obvious to a bright student,
do not insist on too detailed a proof
π 
(d) f(x) = 2 ⇒ 2sin  x  + 1 = 2 (A1)
2 
π  1
⇒ sin  x  = (A1)
2  2
π π 5π 13π
⇒ x = or or
2 6 6 6
1 5 13
x = or or (A1)(A1)(A1) 5
3 3 3
[24]
Extra question
(e) (i) k = -1 (ii) 1≤ k < 3 (iii) -1< k < 1 or k = 3 (iv) k < -1 or k > 3

1
44. (a) (i) Q= (14.6 – 8.2) = 3.2 (M1) (A1)
2
1
(ii) P = (14.6 + 8.2) = 11.4 (M0) (A1) 3
2
π 
(b) 10 = 11.4 + 3.2cos  t  (M1)
6 
−7 π  −7 π
so = cos  t  therefore arccos  = t (A1)
16 6   16  6
π
which gives 2.0236... = t or t = 3.8648. t = 3.86(3 s.f.) (A1) 3
6
(c) (i) By symmetry, next time is 12 – 3.86... = 8.135... t = 8.14 (3 s.f.) (A1)
(ii) From above, first interval is 3.86 < t < 8.14 (A1)
This will happen again, 12 hours later, so (M1)
15.9 < t < 20.1 (A1) 4
[10]

12
45. (a) (i) 10 + 4sin1 = 13.4 (A1)
(ii) At 2100, t = 21 (A1)
10 + 4sin 10.5 = 6.48 (A1) 3
Note: Award (A0)(A1) if candidates use t = 2100 leading to
y = 12.6. No other ft allowed.
(b) (i) 14 metres (A1)
 
t  
t
(ii) 14 = 10 + 4sin   ⇒ sin   = 1 (M1)
 
2 2
⇒ t = π (3.14) (correct answer only) (A1) 3
(c) (i) 4 (A1)
t
(ii) 10 + 4sin   = 7 (M1)
2
t
⇒ sin   = –0.75 (A1)
2
⇒ t = 7.98 (A1)
(iii) depth < 7 from 8 –11 = 3 hours (M1)
from 2030 – 2330 = 3 hours (M1)
therefore, total = 6 hours (A1) 7
[13]
46. (a) (i) 7 A1 N1
(ii) 1 A1 N1
(iii) 10 A1 N1
(b) (i) evidence of appropriate approach M1
18 − 2
eg A =
2
A=8 AG N0
(ii) C = 10 A2 N2
(iii) METHOD 1
period = 12 (A1)
evidence of using B × period = 2π (accept 360°) (M1)
2π
eg 12 =
B
π
B= (accept 0.524 or 30) A1 N3
6
METHOD 2
evidence of substituting (M1)
eg 10 = 8 cos 3B + 10
simplifying (A1)
 π
eg cos 3B = 0  3B = 
 2
π
B= (accept 0.524 or 30) A1 N3
6
(c) correct answers A1A1
eg t = 3.52, t = 10.5, between 03:31 and 10:29 (accept 10:30) N2
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47. (a) METHOD 1
Using the discriminant ∆ = 0 (M1)
k2 = 4 × 4 × 1
k = 4, k = − 4 A1A1 N3
METHOD 2
Factorizing (M1)
(2x ± 1)2
k = 4, k = − 4 A1A1 N3
(b) Evidence of using cos 2θ = 2 cos2 θ − 1 M1
eg 2(2 cos2 θ − 1) + 4 cos θ + 3
f (θ) = 4 cos2 θ + 4 cos θ + 1 AG N0
(c) (i) 1 A1 N1
(ii) METHOD 1
Attempting to solve for cos θ M1
1
cos θ = − (A1)
2
θ = 240, 120, − 240, −120 (correct four values only) A2 N3
METHOD 2
Sketch of y = 4 cos2 θ + 4 cos θ + 1 M1
y
9

–360 –180 180 360 x

Indicating 4 zeros (A1)

θ = 240, 120, −240, −120 (correct four values only) A2 N3
(d) Using sketch (M1)
c=9 A1 N2
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48. Note: Accept exact answers given in terms of π.
(a) Evidence of using l = rθ (M1)
arc AB = 7.85 (m) A1 N2
1
(b) Evidence of using A = r 2 θ (M1)
2
Area of sector AOB = 58.9 (m2) A1 N2
(c) METHOD 1

π6
2 π
3

π
angle = (30°) (A1)
6
π
attempt to find 15 sin M1
6
π
height = 15 + 15 sin
6
= 22.5 (m) A1 N2
METHOD 2

π
3

π
angle = (60°) (A1)
3
π
attempt to find 15 cos M1
3
π
height = 15 + 15 cos
3
= 22.5 (m) A1 N2
 π  π π
(d) (i) h  =15 −15 cos  +  (M1)
4 2 4
= 25.6 (m) A1 N2
 π
(ii) h(0) = 15 − 15 cos  0 +  (M1)
 4
= 4.39(m) A1 N2
(iii) METHOD 1
Highest point when h = 30 R1
 π
30 = 15 − 15 cos  2t +  M1
 4
 π
cos  2t +  = −1 (A1)
 4
 3π 
t = 1.18  accept  A1 N2
 8 

15
METHOD 2
h
30

2π t
Sketch of graph of h M2
Correct maximum indicated (A1)
t = 1.18 A1 N2
METHOD 3
Evidence of setting h′(t) = 0 M1
 π
sin  2t +  = 0 (A1)
 4
Justification of maximum R1
eg reasoning from diagram, first derivative test, second
derivative test
 3π 
t = 1.18  accept  A1 N2
 8 
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