Document No.

Date
Project No.
100/Proposal/001
Designed Checked Page
-

Proposal for Land reclamatin for

Scope of the Project

Reclamation area for

Sub-soil Properties

From the sub-soil data available for the near vicinity, it is observed that the marine clay layer is existing
upto a depth of 10-15m m below the existing ground level. This clay layer is followed by silty sand to fine
sand layer.

Virgin Soil Capacity

Based on the shear and consolidation parameters the safe bearing capacity of the virgin soil has been
worked out as 3.0 t/m2 and total settlement as more than 1m .

But the proposed load intensity over sub soil form heavy container is expected in the order of 5 t/m 2.
more over the post construction settlement should be limited in order to satisfy serviciability criteria.
Hence, Ground Improvement is required.

Design of Stage-wise Preload for Band Drains

To help the expected settlements to occur prior to the actual construction, the preload equivalent to the
additional stresses acting on the soil shall be placed after installation of band drain. Preloading shall be
done in stages designed to increase the shear strength of subsoil gradually to take the loads without
possibility of shear failure. Number of preload stages required for consolidation of clay layer are
calculated based on the initial shear strength and increased cohesion due to rearrangement of particles
during the consolidation stage.

Summary of Ground Treatment

Band Drain :

Size of Band Drain 100 mm x 4 mm

Spacing of Band Drain 1.15
Pattern of Installation Triangular

Preloading :

Loading Stage 1st 2nd 3rd Total

Time Period (days) 60 60 60 60
Height of Fill (m) 2.50 2.50 1.50 2.0
Degree of Consolidation (%)
For 1st Stage Loading 80 15 0 80
For 2nd Stage Loading 80 15 55
For 3rd Stage Loading 90 55

Page 1
Initial SBC (t/m2) 4.65 10.78 18.07 -
Final SBC (t/m2) 10.78 18.07 23.36 23.36

Page 2
 Document No. Date
Project No.
100/Proposal/001 6-Jun-06
Designed Checked Page
-

1.0 Bearing Capacity and Settlement of Existing Ground

1.1 Soil Parameters :

Thickness of soft layer, H = 40.00 m

Ground level (RL) = 0.00 m
Ground water table (RL) = 4.00 m
Cohesion of soil, c = 10.00 kN/m2
Bulk unit weight of layer, g = 17.00 kN/m3
Submerged unit weight of layer, gsub = 7.19 kN/m3
Compression index, Cc = 0.65
Initial void ratio, e0 = 1.4
Coefficient of vertical consolidation, Cv = 0.000475 cm2/sec
= 1.49796 m2/year

1.2 Safe Bearing Capacity :

Ultimate Bearing capacity qult = c * Nc

Where, c = Cohesion of soil layer = 10 kN/m2
Nc = Bearing capacity factor = 5.7

Hence, Ultimate Bearing capacity qult = 57 kN/m2

Safe Bearing capacity, qsafe = qult / FoS

Where, FoS = Factor of Safety = 2.5

Hence, Safe Bearing capacity, qsafe = 22.80 kN/m2

Pressure intensity to be supported = 170.00 kN/m2

Hence, Ground Improvement is required.

1.3 Settlement of Soft Clay :

Setlement of the soft clay layer is calculated as,

Where,
Thickness of soft clay layer, H = 40.00 m
Compression index, Cc = 0.65
Initial void ratio, e0 = 1.40
Initial overburden pressure, P0 = 161.78 kN/m2
Increament in pressure, dP = 170.00 kN/m2

Hence, total settlement of the layer, d = 3.37926603 m

= 3379.26603 mm
 Document No. Date
Project No.
100/Proposal/001 6-Jun-06
Designed Checked Page
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 Document No. Date
Project No.
100/Proposal/001 6-Jun-06
Designed Checked Page
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1.4 Time Required for Consolidation :

Degree of consolidation to be achieved, U = 90 %

Hence, time required,

Where,
Time factor for the drainage system, Tv = 0.72
Length of drainage path, d = 40.00 m
Coefficient of vertical consolidation, Cv = 1.49796 m2/year

Hence, time required for consolidation = 769.05 years

= 280701.75 days
 Document No. Date
Project No.
100/Proposal/001 6-Jun-06
Designed Checked Page
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2.0 Design of Pre-fabricated Vertical Band Drain

2.1 Band Drain Details :

Width of band drain, b = 100.00 mm

Thickness of band drain, t = 2.90 mm
Spacing of band drain, S = 1.1 m
Pattern of installation (Triangular / Square) = Triangular

2.2 Soil Parameters :

Thickness of soft layer, H = 40.00 m

Ground level (RL) = 0.00 m
Ground water table (RL) = 4.00 m
Cohesion of soil, c = 10.00 kN/m2
Bulk unit weight of layer, g = 17.00 kN/m3
Submerged unit weight of layer, gsub = 7.19 kN/m3
Coefficient of vertical consolidation, Cv = 0.000475 cm2/sec
= 1.49796 m2/year
Ch / Cv ratio of the soil = 1.1
Coefficient of horizontal consolidation, Ch = 0.0005225 cm2/sec
= 1.647756 m2/year

2.3 Time Period for Consolidation :

Spacing of band drain, S = 1.1 m

Area treated by single band drain, A = 1.05 m2

For Rectangular Grid - S2
For Triangular Grid - 0.866 x S2

Equivalent diameter of cylindrical column, D = 2 * sqrt (A / p)

= 1.16 m

Equivalent diameter of band drain, d = 2 * (b + t) / p

= 65.51 mm
= 0.066 m

Degree of consolidation required, U = 90 %

Time period for consolidation is calculated as,

Hence, time period for consolidation, t = 0.50 years

= 5.96 months
 = 181 days
The construction time for hight development will add to this time
 Consolidation Table : Number of Days Required to Achieve Certain Degree of Consolidation for Differen

Spacing of Band Drain, S (m)

0.50 0.55 0.60 0.65 0.70 0.75 0.80 0.85 0.90 0.95 1.00 1.05 1.10 1.15 1.20 1.25 1.30 1.35 1.40 1.45 1.50 1.55 1.60 1.65 1.70 1.75 1.80 1.85

U% 5 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 9 9 10 11 12 12 13 14

10 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 6 7 7 8 9 10 11 12 14 15 16 18 19 21 22 24 26 27 29

15 2 2 3 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 13 14 16 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 32 34 37 39 42 45

20 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 11 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 29 32 34 37 40 44 47 50 54 58 62

25 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 12 14 16 18 20 23 25 28 31 34 37 41 44 48 52 56 61 65 70 74 79

30 4 5 6 7 9 11 13 15 17 20 22 25 28 31 35 38 42 46 51 55 60 65 70 75 81 86 92 99

35 4 6 7 9 11 13 15 18 21 24 27 30 34 38 42 46 51 56 61 66 72 78 84 91 97 104 111 119

40 5 7 9 11 13 15 18 21 24 28 32 36 40 45 50 55 60 66 72 79 85 92 100 107 115 124 132 141

45 6 8 10 12 15 18 21 25 29 33 37 42 47 52 58 64 71 78 85 92 100 108 117 126 135 145 155 165

50 7 9 12 14 18 21 25 29 33 38 43 49 55 61 68 75 82 90 98 107 116 125 135 146 157 168 179 191

55 8 11 14 17 20 24 28 33 38 44 50 56 63 70 78 86 95 104 113 123 134 145 156 168 180 193 207 221

60 10 12 16 19 23 28 33 38 44 50 57 64 72 80 89 99 108 119 130 141 153 166 179 193 207 222 237 253

65 11 14 18 22 27 32 37 43 50 57 65 74 83 92 102 113 124 136 149 162 176 190 205 221 237 254 272 290

70 13 16 20 25 30 36 43 50 58 66 75 84 95 106 117 130 143 156 171 186 201 218 235 253 272 291 312 333

75 14 19 23 29 35 42 49 57 66 76 86 97 109 122 135 149 164 180 196 214 232 251 271 292 313 336 359 383

80 17 22 27 34 41 49 57 67 77 88 100 113 127 141 157 173 191 209 228 248 269 291 314 338 364 390 417 445

85 20 26 32 40 48 57 67 79 91 104 118 133 149 166 185 204 225 246 269 293 317 343 371 399 428 459 491 524

90 24 31 39 48 58 69 82 95 110 126 143 162 181 202 224 248 273 299 326 355 385 417 450 484 520 557 596 636

95 31 40 51 63 76 90 106 124 143 164 186 210 236 263 292 322 355 389 424 462 501 542 585 630 677 725 775 828
n for Different Spacing of Band Drains

1.90 1.95 2.00 2.05 2.10 2.15 2.20 2.25 2.30 2.35 2.40 2.45 2.50

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 23 24 25 26 27 29

31 33 35 37 39 42 44 46 49 51 54 56 59

48 51 54 57 61 64 68 71 75 79 83 87 91

66 70 74 79 83 88 93 98 103 108 114 120 125

85 90 96 101 107 113 120 126 133 140 147 154 162

105 112 119 126 133 141 148 156 165 173 182 191 200

127 135 143 152 161 170 179 189 199 209 220 231 242

150 160 170 180 190 201 213 224 236 248 261 274 287

176 187 199 211 223 236 249 262 276 290 305 320 336

204 217 230 244 258 273 288 304 320 337 354 371 389

235 250 265 281 298 315 332 350 369 388 408 428 448

270 287 305 323 342 361 381 402 423 445 468 491 515

309 329 349 370 391 414 437 461 485 510 536 562 590

354 377 400 424 449 475 501 528 556 585 615 645 676

408 434 461 488 517 546 577 608 640 674 708 743 779

474 504 535 567 600 634 670 706 743 782 822 862 904

558 594 630 668 707 748 789 832 876 922 968 1016 1065

678 721 765 811 859 908 958 1010 1064 1119 1175 1233 1293

882 938 996 1055 1117 1181 1247 1314 1384 1455 1529 1605 1682
 Document No. Date
Project No.
100/Proposal/001 6-Jun-06
Designed Checked Page
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Stage Construction Table

Stage of loading Virgin 1 2 3 4 5 Total

Time period Days 0 100 80 0 0 0 180

Total height of fill m 0 2.50 5.00 6.50 6.50 6.50 6.50

Increamental height of fill m 0 2.50 2.50 1.50 0.00 0.00

Unit weight of fill material kN/m3 20 20 20 20 20 20

Bearing capacity factor, Nc 5.7 5.7 5.7 5.7 5.7 5.14

Degree of consolidation

For 1st stage loading % - 80 15 0 0 0 95

For 2nd stage loading % - - 80 15 0 0 95

For 3rd stage loading % - - - 90 0 0 40

For 4th stage loading % - - - - 0 0 0

For 5th stage loading % - - - - - 0 0

Before Consolidation,

Initial cohesion kN/m2 10.00 10.00 23.20 38.88 50.26 50.26

Factor of safety 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25

Initial safe bearing capacity kN/m2 45.60 45.60 105.79 177.27 229.19 206.67

Pressure increment

Due to 1st stage loading kN/m2 - 50 50 50 50 50

Due to 2nd stage loading kN/m2 - - 50 50 50 50

Due to 3rd stage loading kN/m2 - - - 30 30 30

Due to 4th stage loading kN/m2 - - - - 0 0

Due to 5th stage loading kN/m2 - - - - - 0

After Consolidation,

Cohesion after consolidation kN/m2 10.00 23.20 38.88 50.26 50.26 50.26 50.26

Final safe bearing capacity kN/m2 45.60 105.79 177.27 229.19 229.19 206.67 206.67

Total height of fill can be placed m 2.28 5.29 8.86 11.46 11.46 10.33

Hence, total fill height provided m 2.30 4.50 6.50 0.00 0.00 0.00
 Document No. Date
Project No.
100/Proposal/001 6-Jun-06
Designed Checked Page
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Settlement Table

Stage of loading Virgin 1 2 3 4 5 Total

Thickness of layer, H m 40.00 40.00 40.00 40.00 40.00 40.00

Initial void ratio, e0 1.40 1.40 1.40 1.40 1.40 1.40

Compression index, Cc 0.65 0.65 0.65 0.65 0.65 0.65

Initial overburden pressure kN/m2 161.78 161.78 211.78 261.78 291.78 291.78

Pressure increament kN/m2 - 50.00 50.00 30.00 0.00 0.00

Total settlement (100%)*** mm 0.00 1267.10 997.25 510.47 0.00 0.00

Settlement

Due to 1st stage loading mm - 1013.68 190.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 1203.75

Due to 2nd stage loading mm - - 797.80 149.59 0.00 0.00 947.38

Due to 3rd stage loading mm - - - 459.42 0.00 0.00 459.42

Due to 4th stage loading mm - - - - 0.00 0.00 0.00

Due to 5th stage loading mm - - - - - 0.00 0.00

Total mm - ### 987.86 609.01 - - 2,610.55

*** Total settlement corresponding to the 100% degree of consolidation.