Assignment

Subject: Critical Discourse Analysis

Submitted to: Miss Mussarat

Department: English

Class: BS.Linguistics

Semester: 8th

Submitted by:

Roll No. Name

0007-BS-Eng-2015 Shehneela
 Intro to Speech Act Theory

Speech Act:

Speech acts theory was proposed by j.L Austin and Searle in 1962. They focused more on the
division of speech acts. Speech acts refer to performing certain function via language. That
function can either be simple statements ,requests, orders, or even can change the state of the
world. There are three processes that accomplish the conversation of speech act according to
Austin.

 LocutionaryActs: Locutionary means saying something. Act of actually uttering. It is

related to grammatical structure and just the arrangement of words.

 IllocutionaryActs: Illocutinary means the performance of an act in saying something

have a certain force. The illocutionary force is the speaker's intention. What is intended
to accomplish by saying it. It is related to the mood of the speaker and shows the
relationships between interlocutors.

 Perlocutionary,Acts: Perlocutionary means to achieve by saying something. What

actually accomplish by saying it. It is related to the result of the conversation either is
completed or not. For example.

A. Shut the door .

B. I m not free
Kinds of illocutionary acts:
Assertives.Directives.Commissives.Expressives.Declaratives.Permissives.Prohibitives.Repre
sentatives.

 Assertives.Assertives are statements of facts. These statements may judge true or

false because they aim to describe a state of affairs in the world.

 Directives.These statments attempt to make the other person's actions fit the
propositional content. Trying to get hearer to do something.Inviting,suggesting,
requesting, advising, warning, ordering and threatening etc.
  Commissives.Committing the speaker himself to the future course of action.
Promising, undertaking, vowing are the most typical cases.

 Expressives.Expressing feelings or attitude towards an existing state.

Apologizing, thanking, congratulating.

 Declarative.
Declarative entail the occurrence of an action in themselves. Fired, shoot etc.

 Permissives.
These are statements which allow the hearer to a course of action as described by
the propositional content.

 Prohibitives.Prohibitives takes the permission away or deny an action. May not

etc.

 Representatives.
Starting or describing, saying what the speaker believes to be true. Stating,
believing, swearing, hypothesizing are typical representatives.

Critical analysis of Imran Khan's speech

1.“Meray Pakistanio Bahawalpur k shehriyo. ( Reference ) Maine 21 saalgarmi main cricket

kheli”. The expected presuposition of this sentence might be that there is a person on high
position and a cricketer and he had played for 21 years. It can be a great example of temporal
deixies because it mentions 21 years of his played time period. And in this sentence “
Bawalpuries “is a reference and it refers that the speaker is addressing to the people of
Bahawalpur.

2.Lekinaajmujegarmi lag rahihai main sochrahahoon k apkeoparkyaguzarrahihogi.! "Expressive,

representative." It is also a great example of temporal deixies “tonight”mentions the time .

3.Tonight (temporal deixies )Main ( person deixies ) 18 saalkisyasat main

ahamelaankarnewalahoon. "Assertive, commisive."Again an example of temporal deixies
“tonight “and 18 years of his political career shows time .presuposition of this statement would
be like that the speaker is a politician and in process of declaring his most crucial to
announcement of his whole career.

4.Naya Pakistan bnanay k liye aik ais aelaan karne wala hoon. "Assertive”.This statement have
presupposition that the speaker is going to do something for the creation of New Pakistan. And
“Naya Pakistan “ is a reference that probably refers betterment, improvements &happiness in
all terms.

5.Nojwaanouskitayyariabhi se karlu."Directive”.It is also an example of social deixies because it

concerns with the effort and movement of the youth of the society .And this statement implicates
that he wanted to be supported with all energetic stuff by the young generation. And the word
“youth “refers to new thinking & new ideas & also the young generation which basically needs
the change in Pakistan. And the word “call “ refers to hardwork ,sufferings and determination on
aim and efforts.

6.Sab se pehle main apkeJunoonko salaam peshkartahoon (reference )"(Expressive)”.This

statement implicates that the speaker is wondered by the “junoon” which refers to the
excitement and of the nation.

7.Mainapko Mubarak daitahoon. "Expressive”. It is also an example of social deixies because

this is related to the discussion of circumstances and then on congratulating on that. The word
“witnessing “implicates the speakers loyalty that he himself happy with ongoing circumstances
and congratulatin all as well.

8.Kisiaur party k liyeitnigarmi main awaamkasmandarnahinikkalsakta. "Assertive, declarative”.

Again related to social deixies and the use of the specific word “political party “refers to the
competitive politicians .And this statement implicates that the speaker is pumping up the
emotions and feelings of the people and getting people into his confidence by contrasting his
supporters to other. And probably “intense heat “refers to the intense emotions related to the
speaker that they are standing with him.

9. Yehjunoonaiaurissjunoon se niklegaNaya Pakistan Insha Allah "Commisive”.This statement

implicates that the speaker wants to create a world full of compassion and and he will work for
creatingor exposing his plans for the change and for new Pakistan. The word “INSHA ALLAH
“refers to his determination with the help of his God.

10. MeradilWazirstaan k logoon k liyetarptahai. "Expressive”. Presuppositions of this statement

is like the speaker is good hearted person and he is in terrible stench on the condition of
Waziristanis. And this statement implicates that the speaker is showing off his well being and
expressing his sympathies and also highlighting the failure of the government. Waziristan refers
to the specific territory in Pakistan and people of Waziristan. It is also an example of social
deixies because it shows the discussion of the circumstances ongoing in Waziristan.

11. Ham unkiissliyemadadkarain gay keun k womushkalhalaat se guzarrahayhain. "Directive." It

is social deixies and this statement entails that the speaker is going to help the people of
Waziristan. And presuppositions about this statement would be like the speaker is helping
personality and he has sympathies for them and consider them as their siblings.

12 . Main unkobtanachahthoon k tmaam Pakistan unkihartrha se Madadkarain gay! "Assertive,

commisive, declarative." It is also related to social deixies and this statement entails that the
speaker really wanted to let the people know that he will prove his words through his actions.
And will make the conditions and circumstances well in waziristan and all over the country.
Expected presuppositions are that the speaker himself and ensuring them that they will be helped
out through all the possible means and the whole Pakistan is taking stand for them. It also
presupposes us that the speaker is having the support of a lot of people’s .

13.PakhtonkhakiGovtapkimadadkaray g IKF apkimadadkaray g. "Declarative, commisive."it is

again social deixies and this statement entails that the speaker is mentioning the agencies
through he will help.And it presupposes us that with the of these institutes the speaker is going to
function for the betterment of the people of waziristan. Pakhtunkhwa and PTI refers to his own
political party and refers its activeness and its goals.

14. Hum apkokabhiakelanahichoren gay. "Commisive, declarative." This statement implicate

that the speaker is putting question to the present gournment of their unawareness and making
sure that he will definitely do something to carry out them from such conditions. And
presupposes us that the speaker is determined to helpthem.The word lurch refers to the bad and
pathetic condition of waziristanis.
15. Main Sindh aur Punjab govt se pochtahoon k apnekeununkeliyeapnedarwazay band
kiyehain. "Directive act, prohibitive."This is related to social deixies and it presupposes us that
the speaker is asking for the reasons of putting bane on influx of IDPS .And it implicates that the
speaker is mentioning the names of those institutions who are involved in corruption.

16. Kya apbhool gay hain jab Muhammad SAW ne Madinahhijrat kit u logoon ne
unkeliyeapnedarwaazaykhooldiyethay! "Assertive, prohibitive."Thisstatement entails that
speaker is trying to shake the minds of the nation by reminding them the example of the great
leader and personality of our beloved Holy Prophet from his life .and it presupposes us that the
speaker has a great knowledge of his religion and the example of our Holy prophet refers to
Islam and to the vision of making the Pakistan truly a Muslim country in accordance with Islam
and the teachings of Holy Prophet.

17. Aurab main apse mukhatibhoon, MianSahab. ("Directive." )This is person deixies and the
word “MianSahab“ refers to the PM of Pakistan . And it presupposes us that the speaker is
informing to president and making president sure that am saying this to just only you. And it
implicates that the speaker is challenging the ex .president of Pakistan because he has a strong
support of his supporters behind him. And warning him for his betterment.

18. Apmeribaattwajjo se suno! ("Directives.)"this is person deixies and the it presupposes us that
speaker wants full attention of ex.PM towards him and his demands. This implicates as same the
speaker is making the ex.PM attentive about his actions in future.

19.AajapnemujeBannuaanay k invite kiya. This is related to social deixies and it presupposes us

that speaker has been invited to Bannu. And the word” Bannu” refers to the specific location
where the speaker was addressing to people. This statement entails that the speaker is invited
over there as an honour.

20. Main apse request kartahoon k khuda k liye apni syast k liye in kaistehsaal matt karo!
("Prohibitives, directives.)"here and congratulate you for it. "Expressive." This is related to social
deixies and it presupposes us that speaker wants to let the people know and advising them to
stop exploiting refugees for their political ends.And congratulating on their victory. It entails that
the speaker really wants to change the mentality of people and he is happy in their happiness.