Good morning class. I’m Marjorie Colon a teacher applicant.

Class please assume that I am your computer

subject teacher, this is for my demonstration.
Let us pray.
Father, May everything we do begin with your inspiration and continue with your saving help. Let our work always
find its origin in you and through you reach completion. We ask this through our Lord Jesus Christ, your Son
who lives and reigns with you and the Holy Spirit one God Forever and ever Amen.
Good morning Class. Please be seated.
1. What if one part of our body did not function well what happen to you?
(If one part of our body system fails to carry out its function properly the rest of the system
will be affected and the other parts will work harder.) For example, If I were going to eat
this mango, what parts of my body would I use? (Ma’am we use our mouth for biting,
chewing, swallowing and digesting a mango.) Yes it is correct
2. How do the different parts work together? What happen if one of the part is missing for
instance the teeth were missing is it possible to chew some foods? (Each part plays a
special role. It is not possible and difficult because if one couldn’t chew something large
to get it small enough to pass through the esophagus, then they choke.
3. Can you think of an example of a system? (Ma’am, a computer if the one part is
missing the rest of the system will not function well.) Yes it is right. So I’m comparing
the body system and the computer system.

Class I have here one object and one picture. I want you to think in 3 minutes and answer the following questions: what
did you see? Where could you possibly see this object? Describe what you have seen in one sentence. From the class I
want to have a volunteer to read his/her answer.

So class what you saw a while ago is a real hard disk drive and an image of operating system. These objects are one of
the components of a computer system.

So Class what is a COMPUTER?

 A computer is derived from the word “compute”
 It was originally defined as a super-fast calculator.
 Because it had the capacity to solve complex arithmetic and scientific problems at very high speed.
 Is a device that can be instructed to carry out sequences of arithmetic/logical operations automatically via
computer programming.
 To sum up a computer is an electronic device that stores, retrieves, and processes data, and can be
programmed with instructions.
Describe computer system.
A computer system consist of hardware and software and can exist in a variety of sizes and configurations.
COMPUTER HARDWARE
Computer hardware is the collection of physical parts of a computer system. This includes the computer case,
monitor, keyboard, and mouse. It also includes all the parts inside the computer case, such as the hard disk
drive, motherboard, video card, and many others. Computer hardware is what you can physically touch.
Hardware is so-termed because it is "hard" or rigid with respect to changes or modifications.
COMPUTER CASE
A computer case contains the framework to support a computer’s internal components while providing an
enclosure for added protection. Computer cases typically are made of plastic, steel and aluminum and are
available in a variety of styles
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MOUSE
A computer mouse is a hand-held pointing device that detects two-dimensional motion relative to a surface.
This motion is typically translated into the motion of a pointer on a display, which allows a smooth control of
the graphical user interface.

KEYBOARD
Computer keyboard is a typewriter-style device which uses an arrangement of buttons or keys to act
as mechanical levers or electronic switches.

MONITOR
A computer monitor is an output device which displays information in pictorial form. A monitor usually
comprises the display device, circuitry, casing, and power supply. The display device in modern monitors is
typically a thin film transistor liquid crystal display (TFT-LCD) with LED backlighting having replaced cold-
cathode fluorescent lamp (CCFL) backlighting. Older monitors used a cathode ray tube (CRT).
POWER SUPPLY
The desktop computer power supply changes alternating current from a wall socket to low-voltage direct current
to operate the processor and peripheral devices. Several direct-current voltages are required, and they must be
regulated with some accuracy to provide stable operation of the computer.
CHIPSET
Is a set of electronic components in an integrated circuit known as a “Data Flow Management System”.
COMPUTER FAN
A computer fan is any fan inside, or attached to, a computer case used for active cooling, and may refer to fans
that draw cooler air into the case from the outside, expel warm air from inside, or move air across a heat sink to
cool a particular component. As processors, graphics cards, RAM and other components in computers have
increased in speed and power consumption, the amount of heat produced by these components as a side-effect
of normal operation has also increased. These components need to be kept within a specified temperature range
to prevent overheating, instability, malfunction and damage leading to a shortened component lifespan. To cool
these components, fans are used to move heated air away from the components and draw cooler air over them.
VIDEO CARD
A video card (also called a display card, graphics card, display adapter or graphics adapter) is
an expansion card which generates a feed of output images to a display (such as a computer monitor). SOUND
SOUND CARD
The term sound card is also applied to external audio interfaces used for professional audio applications.
Typical uses of sound cards or sound card functionality include providing the audio component for multimedia applications
such as music composition, editing video or audio, presentation, education and entertainment (games) and video
projection. It is a device that can be slotted into a computer to allow the use of audio components for multimedia
applications.

OPTICAL DISK DRIVE

Some drives can only read from certain discs, but recent drives can both read and record, also called burners
or writers. Compact discs, DVDs Digital Versatile Discs, and Blu-ray discs are common types of optical media
which can be read and recorded by such drives.

HARD DISK DRIVE

A hard disk drive (HDD is an electromechanical data storage device that uses magnetic storage to store and
retrieve digital information using one or more rigid rapidly rotating disks (platters) coated with magnetic material.
The platters are paired with magnetic heads, usually arranged on a moving actuator arm, which read and write
data to the platter surfaces.[2] Data is accessed in a random-access manner, meaning that individual blocks of

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data can be stored or retrieved in any order and not only sequentially. HDDs are a type of non-volatile storage,
retaining stored data even when powered off.
MOTHERBOARD
A motherboard is one of the most essential parts of a computer system. It holds together many of the crucial
components of a computer, including the central processing unit (CPU), memory and connectors for input and
output devices. It is the main printed circuit board (PCB) found in general purpose microcomputers and other
expandable systems. Motherboard specifically refers to a PCB with expansion capability and as the name
suggests, this board is often referred to as the "mother" of all components attached to it, which often
include peripherals, interface cards, and daughtercards: sound cards, video cards, network cards, hard drives,
or other forms of persistent storage; TV tuner cards, cards providing extra USB or FireWire slots and a variety
of other custom components.

CPU
Traditionally, the term "CPU" refers to a processor, more specifically to its processing unit and control unit (CU),
distinguishing these core elements of a computer from external components such as main
memory and I/O circuitry.[2] Most modern CPUs are microprocessors, meaning they are contained on a
single integrated circuit (IC) chip. An IC that contains a CPU may also contain memory, peripheral interfaces,
and other components of a computer; such integrated devices are variously called microcontrollers or systems
on a chip (SoC). Some computers employ a multi-core processor, which is a single chip containing two or more
CPUs called "cores"; in that context, one can speak of such single chips as "sockets".[3] The central processing
unit (CPU) is the computer component that's responsible for interpreting and executing most of the commands
from the computer's other hardware and software. CPU is the brains of the computer where most calculations
take place.

COMPUTER SOFTWARE
Computer software, or simply software, is a generic term that refers to a collection of data or computer
instructions that tell the computer how to work, in contrast to the physical hardware from which the system is
built, that actually performs the work. Computer software is all information processed by computer
systems, programs and data. Software is "soft" because it can be easily updated or changed. Computer
hardware and software require each other and neither can be realistically used on its own. The software is the
instructions that makes the computer work. Software is held either on your computers hard disk, CD-ROM, DVD
or on a diskette (floppy disk) and is loaded (i.e. copied) from the disk into the computers RAM (Random Access
Memory), as and when required.

COMPUTER SOFTWARE
Computer software includes computer programs, libraries and related non-executable data, such as online
documentation or digital media

INPUT DEVICES
Input Devices -- "How to tell it what to do“A keyboard and mouse are the standard way to interact with the
computer. Other devices include joysticks and game pads used primarily for games. Examples of input devices
include keyboards, mouse, scanners, digital cameras and joysticks. Inputs are the signals or data received by
the system.

A scanner allows you to scan printed material and convert it into a file format that may be used within the PC. is
a device that optically scans images, printed text, handwriting or an object and converts it to a digital image.
Commonly used in offices are variations of the desktop flatbed scanner where the document is placed on a glass
window for scanning. A touchpad or trackpad is a pointing device featuring a tactile sensor, a specialized
surface that can translate the motion and position of a user's fingers to a relative position on the operating system

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that is made output to the screen. Touchpads are a common feature of laptop computers, and are also used as
a substitute for a mouse where desk space is scarce. Because they vary in size, they can also be found
on personal digital assistants (PDAs) and some portable media players. Wireless touchpads are also available
as detached accessories. A device that lays on the desktop and responds to pressure. Used to allow users to
point to areas on a screen. 4 | P a g e
Joysticks are often used to control video games, and usually have one or more push-buttons whose state can
also be read by the computer. A popular variation of the joystick used on modern video game consoles is
the analog stick. Joysticks are also used for controlling machines such as cranes, trucks, underwater unmanned
vehicles, wheelchairs, surveillance cameras, and zero turning radius lawn mowers. Miniature finger-operated
joysticks have been adopted as input devices for smaller electronic equipment such as mobile phones.

OUTPUT DEVICES
Output Devices -- "How it shows you what it is doing“This leads to the results of data processing carried out by
the information processing system which converts the electronically generated information into human-readable
form. Outputs are the signals or data sent from it together. Other common output devices include
headphones, GPS, 3D printers, projectors, video cards, and sound cards.

A printer is a peripheral device which makes a persistent human-readable representation of graphics or text
on paper. There are many different types of printers. In large organizations laser printers are most commonly
used due to the fact that they can print very fast and give a very high quality output. The plotter is a computer
printer for printing vector graphics. In the past, plotters were used in applications such as computer-aided
design, though they have generally been replaced with wide-format conventional printers. A plotter gives a hard
copy of the output. It draws pictures on a paper using a pen. A plotter is an output device similar to a printer, but
normally allows you to print larger images.

Computer speakers, or multimedia speakers, are speakers sold for use with computers, although usually
capable of other audio uses, e.g. for an MP3 player. Most such speakers have an internal amplifier and
consequently require a power source, which may be by a mains power supply often via an AC adapter, batteries,
or a USB port (able to supply no more than 2.5W DC, 500mA at 5V).

STORAGE DEVICES
A storage device is any computing hardware that is used for storing, porting and extracting data files and objects.
It can hold and store information both temporarily and permanently, and can be internal or external to a computer,
server or any similar computing device.
A storage device may also be known as a storage medium or storage media.
Storage Devices -- "How it saves data and programs“Storage devices are one of the core components of
any computing device. ... Secondary storage devices: These usually have large storage capacity, and they
store data permanently. They can be either internal or external to the computer, and they include the hard disk,
optical disk drive and USB storage device. Secondary storage can be removable, internal, or external storage.

SLIDE 28

Random-access memory (RAM /ræm/) is a form of computer data storage that stores data and machine
code currently being used. A random-access memory device allows data items to be read or written in almost
the same amount of time irrespective of the physical location of data inside the memory. RAM
contains multiplexing and demultiplexing circuitry, to connect the data lines to the addressed storage for reading
or writing the entry. Usually more than one bit of storage is accessed by the same address, and RAM devices
often have multiple data lines and are said to be "8-bit" or "16-bit", etc. devices.

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A hard disk drive (HDD), hard disk, hard drive, or fixed disk,[b] is an electromechanical data storage
device that uses magnetic storage to store and retrieve digital information using one or more rigid rapidly rotating
disks (platters) coated with magnetic material. The platters are paired with magnetic heads, usually arranged on
a moving actuator arm, which read and write data to the platter surfaces. [2] Data is accessed in a random-
access manner, meaning that individual blocks of data can be stored or retrieved in any order and not
only sequentially. HDDs are a type of non-volatile storage, retaining stored data even when powered off. Hard
disk drives are an internal, higher capacity drive which also stores the operating system which runs when you
power on the computer.

The speed of a hard disk is often quoted as "average access time" speed, measured in milliseconds. The smaller
this number the faster the disk.
A floppy disk is a magnetic storage medium for computer systems. The floppy disk is composed of a thin,
flexible magnetic disk sealed in a square plastic carrier. In order to read and write data from a floppy disk, a
computer system must have a floppy disk drive (FDD). A floppy disk, also called a floppy, diskette, or
just disk, is a type of disk storage composed of a disk of thin and flexible magnetic storagemedium, sealed in a
rectangular plastic enclosure lined with fabric that removes dust particles. Floppy disks are read and written by
a floppy disk drive (FDD). "Floppy" disk drives allow you to save work on small disks and take the data with
you.

A USB flash drive is a device used for data storage that includes a flash memory and an integrated Universal
Serial Bus (USB) interface. Most USB flash drives are removable and rewritable. Physically, they are small,
durable and reliable. The larger their storage space, the faster they tend to operate. USB flash drives are
mechanically very robust because there are no moving parts. They derive the power to operate from the device
to which they are connected (typically a computer) via the USB port.

A USB flash drive may also be known as a flash drive or USB drive.
Based on the Universal Serial Bus mass storage standard, USB flash drives are supported by all operating
systems and BIOS. Compared to optical disk drives and floppy disks, USB flash drives can store more data and
also transfer it at a faster rate.

A typical USB flash drive consists of a USB connector, which is well protected and electrically insulated inside a
plastic or rubber case. A small printed circuit board with surface-mounted integrated circuits are found within the
device's casing.

Just like humans, computers rely a lot on memory. They need to process and store data, just like we do.
However, computers store data in digital format, which means the information can always be called up exactly
the way it was stored. Also, unlike our memory, the computer's memory doesn't get worse over time. While
memory can refer to any medium of data storage, it usually refers to RAM, or random access memory. When
your computer boots up, it loads the operating system into its memory, or RAM. This allows your computer to
access system functions, such as handling mouse clicks and keystrokes, since the event handlers are all loaded
into RAM. Whenever you open a program, the interface and functions used by that program are also loaded into
RAM. memory is a vital part of the way computers and many electronic devices function. Permanent Memory
A memory that is not affected by the absence of electricity is a permanent memory and the data stored in it
remains intact even if it is moved from one place to another. On a motherboard , it is present in an Integrated
chip, also called ROM or BIOS. All the information about motherboard, booting instructions, and functions are
stored in BIOS at the time of manufacturing.

A memory that is not affected by the absence of electricity is a permanent memory and the data stored in it
remains intact even if it is moved from one place to another. On a motherboard , it is present in an Integrated

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chip, also called ROM or BIOS. All the information about motherboard, booting instructions, and functions are
stored in BIOS at the time of manufacturing. ROM, once manufactured cannot be changed. It is the static form
of permanent memory. A commercially available movie or software in a CD-ROM is a good example of Read
Only Memory. You cannot change the contents once the data has been written to it. Permanent memory is of
4 types.
ROM (Read only memory). ROM, once manufactured cannot be changed. It is the static form of permanent
memory. A commercially available movie or software in a CD-ROM is a good example of Read Only Memory.
You cannot change the contents once the data has been written to it.
PROM (Programmable Read Only Memory). The hardware chip that can be programmed once is called
PROM. Special Programmable kits are used to program the electronic chips. The common example
is burning(writing data) on a CD-ROM or a DVD at home.
EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory). This type of ROM has a small window on its top. If
this window is exposed to UV light for a specific period of time, all the previous data is deleted. You can re-
program it after the data has been completely removed.
EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Read Only Memory). This is the most used type of permanent memory. You
can easily erase the data with a software program. BIOS on the motherboard is an example of EEPROM.

(RAMRandom Access Memory) is another name for temporary memory. It is called temporary since all the data
stored in RAM gets erased once the power is off. RAM is used to hold and execute the data or the instructions.
Whenever we work on the computer, actually we are working on a RAM and it’s only when we press save button
the data gets saved in permanent storage like a hard disk. Alternatively referred to as main memory, primary
memory, or system memory, Random Access Memory (RAM) is a hardware device that allows information
to be stored and retrieved on a computer. RAM is usually associated with DRAM, which is a type of memory
module. Because information is accessed randomly instead of sequentially like it is on a CD or hard drive, the
computer can access the data much faster. However, unlike ROM or the hard drive, RAM is a volatile
memory and requires power to keep the data accessible. If the computer is turned off, all data contained in RAM
is lost.

CPU
It determines how fast your computer will run and is measured by its MHz Speed. It is the CPU that performs all
the calculations within the computer. The CPU is the heart and brain of a computer. It receives data input,
executes instructions, and processes information. It communicates with input/output (I/O) devices, which send
and receive data to and from the CPU. Additionally, the CPU has an internal bus for communication with the
internal cache memory, called the backside bus. The main bus for data transfer to and from the CPU, memory,
chipset, and AGP socket is called the front-side bus.
The CPU contains internal memory units, which are called registers. These registers contain data, instructions,
counters and addresses used in the ALU's information processing. The central processing unit (CPU) is the unit
which performs most of the processing inside a computer. To control instructions and data flow to and from other
parts of the computer, the CPU relies heavily on a chipset, which is a group of microchips located on the
motherboard.
The CPU has two components:
Control Unit: extracts instructions from memory and decodes and executes them
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU): handles arithmetic and logical operations

OS
Is a special type of program that loads automatically when you start your computer. Allows you to use the advanced
features of a modern computer without having to learn all the details of how the hardware works. The link between the
hardware and you the user. Makes the computer easy to use w/o having to understand bits and bytes. An operating
system or OS is a software program that enables the computer hardware to communicate and operate with the
computer software. Without a computer operating system, a computer and software programs would be useless.
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An operating system (OS) is system software that manages computer hardware and software resources and provides
common services for computer programs.

Application software is a program or group of programs designed for end users. These programs are divided
into two classes: system software and application software. While system software consists of low-level
programs that interact with computers at a basic level, application software resides above system software and
includes applications such as database programs, word processors and spreadsheets. Application software may
be bundled with system software or published alone.
Application software may simply be referred to as an application. Application software, also known as
applications, or apps for short, cover a whole range of programs that can run on almost any device, from your
desktop computer and your laptop to your smartphone and tablet. Really, an application is pretty much anything
that runs on a device to complete a task.
Application software is generally more intuitive than full-blown software, with a simple user interface (UI) and
crucially, built with the end user’s best interests at heart.
The programs can be used for a vast array of different purposes, from managing social media, to productivity
software for creating and editing documents or a web browser to navigate the internet, all the way up to more
sophisticated use cases, such as enabling you to add entries into a database. Simpler apps with only one
function are things like a device's pre-installed calendar.

Class I want you to give at least five different components of a computer? Any volunteer
Ok the different components of a computer are The different components of a computer are power supply, motherboard,
CPU, RAM, Hard Disk Drive, Video Card, Sound Card, Chipset, Optical Drive and Computer Fan.

Yes very good.

Can you give one example of a computer hardware and software? Any volunteer. CPU and OS

Class I want to have a volunteer to speak to the class of what you know about the topic. All ideas are accepted as long as
it is not really out of topic. Very good.

Class please answer the following orally.