Atomic Theory

From the beginning of time…to today…leading

towards tomorrow
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Topic 1: Review
There are 3 states of matter on Earth
• Solid (fixed shape and volume, strong bonds)
• Liquid (fixed volume, weak bonds)
• Gas (no fixed shape or volume, no bonds)
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Molecular movement increases as go from solid to liquid to gas

→higher energy
Atomic Theories throughout the
ages
Models Proposed by “Ancient
Scientists/Philosophers”
Democritus (460 - 370 BCE) Aristotle (384-322 BCE)
Model based on reason rather than Model to support the idea that the
science Gods’ powers couldn’t be restricted
• Substances composed of • Substances composed of the 4 (*5)
infinitesimally small pieces called elements: air, water, earth and fire
atomos which cannot be destroyed • Matter is continuous, filling the
• Atomos are specific to the material entire space it occupies
they make up
• There are spaces in-between the
individual atamos (dscontinuous)
Models Proposed by “Ancient
Scientists/Philosophers”
Democritus (460 - 370 BCE) Aristotle (384-322 BCE)
Model based on reason rather than Model to support the idea that the
science Gods’ powers couldn’t be restricted
• Substances composed of • Substances composed of the 4 (*5)
infinitesimally small pieces called elements: air, water, earth and fire
atomos which cannot be destroyed • Matter is continuous, filling the
• Atomos are specific to the material entire space it occupies
they make up
• There are spaces in-between the
individual atamos (dscontinuous)
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Which “Ancient Scientist/Philosopher” was

right?
Democritus’s Discontinuous Model Aristotle’s Continuous Model

That’s what we’ll figure

out in our first lab!!!
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Dalton’s Model
Draw me under title

Influenced by Law of Conservation of Matter.

Three main components
1. Matter = tiny indivisible particles (atoms).

2. Same element = same atoms. Different elements = different

atoms.
3. Atoms combine to make compounds in chemical reactions (chem.
rxn.)
Dalton’s Atomic Model
1803

O O He

Helium atom
Oxygen molecule
O2

H H O H
Hydrogen atom

Water molecule
H2O
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Conservation of Mass (Lavoisier, 1773)

Mass STAYS THE SAME IN CHEM RXN.
All that changes is WHAT THE ELEMENTS BIND TO
 Major Discovery- The Electron
• Discovered by Thompson in his Cathode Ray Tube experiment

• Conclusion: Atoms have tiny negatively charged particles inside

them…electrons
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Thomson’s Atomic Model

1897

Draw me under title

1. The electron = negative (-) particle, in the atom

2. The atom is overall neutral. (Positive sphere with electrons)
3. The atom is divisible. (Electrons smaller than atom)