GEIZEL V.

REUBAL MAED-AS

Final Examination in
THEORIES OF PRESONALITY DEVELOPMENT

Directions. Answer the following questions/statements with brevity and comprehensiveness.

1. Present in a Matrix the theories of Freud, Roger, Kelly and Bandura. In your presentation,
discuss the view of a person, view of science, theory and research.

Theorist View of a Person View of Science Theory Research

Sigmund Freud Psychoanalysis is Current objections Psychoanalysis In 2015, the
a way of treating to psychoanalysis was founded by Tavistock Adult
(Psychoanalytic longstanding as untestable and Sigmund Freud Depression
Theory) psychological unscientific ignore (1856-1939). Study was
problems that is two facts, first a Freud believed published
based on the belief large body of that people could examining the
behaviours has experimental be cured by effectiveness of
underlying drivers evidence has making conscious psychoanalytic
which may be tested their unconscious psychotherapy.
unrecognised and psychoanalytic thoughts and The study used
unconscious. With ideas, confirming motivations, thus random control
this understanding some and not gaining insight. trial model to
it’s possible to others. Second, The aim of examine the
think about the psychoanalysis psychoanalysis treatment of a
meaning and itself, while it does therapy is to cohort of
reasons behind not usually use release repressed patients
that behaviour and experimentation, emotions and diagnosed with
enable the does use holistic experiences. It is long-standing
possibility of method. This only having a major
change. procedure widely cathartic depression and
deployed in both experience can the who had failed
the social person be helped at least two
sciences and the and cured. different
“hard” sciences. treatments.
Recognizing the
holistic nature of
psychoanalytic
ideas and therapy
suggests some
kinds of
interpretation are
more valid than
others. It also
shows that the
debate whether
psychoanalysis is
a science or a
hermeneutic rests
 on a false
dichotomy.
Carl Roger The Phenomenology Phenomenological Car Rogers
Phenomenological provides excellent approaches to most important
(Phenomenological approach framework for a personality take contributions to
Theory) represents comprehensive human experience psychology and
different understanding of or subjectivity as for a person to
approaches, from the natural their primary focus. reach their
pure description to science. It treats Phenomenological potential a
those more inquiry first and theorists assert number of
informed by foremost as a that obtaining factors is his
interpretation. process of looking accurate research about
Phenomenological and discovering knowledge of self –
philosophy rather than another person actualization. He
developed from a assuming and experiences the believed that
discipline focusing deducing. In world. Personal every person
on thorough looking and experiences could achieve
descriptions, and discovering, an constitute reality. A their goals,
only descriptions object always second wishes and
toward a greater appears to phenomenological desires in life.
emphasis on someone, either theories s the self. When or rather if
interpretation an individual or The self is thought they did sp, self
being inherent in community; and as a cognitive- actualization
experience. the ways an affective structure took place.
object appears through which
and the state of experience is
the individual or filtered.
community to
which it appears
are correlated.
George Kelly Personal Kelly (1955) outs Personal Construct “Exploring the
Construct Theory forward the Theory is a theory Usefulness of
(Personal is a new approach proposal of having of personality and Kelly’s Personal
Construct Theory) to psychology a look at man-in- cognition Construct
which tentatively the-scientist. In developed by the Theory in
has been speaking of man- American Assessing
characterised as the-scientist, he psychologist Student
person-centered, refers to all George Kelly in the Learning in
cognitive, or mankind and not 1950s. From the Science
humanistic. That merely to a theory, Kelly Courses” by
means that the particular class of derived a Caroline Kreber,
focus is on the people who have psychotherapy Heather
personal ways that publicly attained approach and also Castleden, Nina
individual used to the stature of a technique called Erfrani, Joan
construe their scientists. Kelly the repertory grid Lim and Tarah
world. observes interview that Wright.
ironically, like to helped his patients “We explore the
think of to analyze their utility of George
themselves as own constructs Kelly’s Personal
scientists, whose with minimal Construct
ultimate aim is to intervention or Theory,
predict and interpretation by specifically his
 control. the therapist. repertory grid
technique. To
the assessment
of student
learning in
undergraduate
science courses.
We provide an
in depth review
and we explain
how an adapted
version of the
repertory grid,
sharing some
yet not all of
Kelly’s
assumptions
was utilized as a
research tool.
Albert Bandura The theory Social Learning It is a theory of “Media Violence
strongly implies Theory provides learning process Research”.
(Social Learning that there are the basis for how and social Principles of
Theory) types of learning social norms are behaviour which Social Learning
wherein direct learned and proposes that new Theory have
reinforcement is internalized during behaviours can be been applied
not the casual adolescence. acquired by extensively to
mechanism; Although this observing and the study of
rather, the so theory was imitating others. media violence.
called social originally Akers and
element can result developed to Burgess
to the describe hypothesized
development of criminality and that observed or
new learning deviant behaviour, experienced
among individuals. its propositions positive rewards
It has been useful can also be and lack of
in explaining how applied to positive punishment for
people can learn social learning. aggressive
new things and behaviours
develop new reinforces
behaviours by aggression.
observing other
people. It is
assume, therefore,
that social learning
theory is
concerned on
observational
learning process
among people.
2. In a matrix, present the Theories of Personality Development according to Freud, Erickson,
Jung, Murray and Lewin. Highlight the nature, characteristics and contributions to personality
development.

Theorist Nature Characteristics Contributions

Sigmund Freud It argues that It encompasses Psychoanalysis
human behaviour how social and continues to
(Psychoanalytic is the result of the cultural factors make important
Theory) interactions among play a huge role contributions to
three components: with the shaping of basic clinical
the Id, Ego, a personality along understanding of
Superego. It with the ego, an adaptive and
emphasizes on the individual’s “self or maladaptive
role of creative self”, and psychological
consciousness interpersonal development, and
psychological relationships. particularly to the
conflicts in shaping understanding of
behaviour. depression and
its treatment.
Eric Erikson It emphasizes the  Personality is Erikson’s addition
social nature of our developed in a of other influences
(Psychosocial development series of helped to broaden
Development rather than its stages. and expand
Theory) sexual nature.  It describes the psychoanalytic
Erikson proposed impact of theory. He also
that personality social contributed to our
development takes experience understanding of
place all through across the personality as it
the lifespan. How whole lifespan. developed and
we interact with  There is an shaped over the
others is what interest in how course of the
affects our sense social lifespan.
of self. interaction and
relationships
played a role in
the
development
and growth of
human beings.
Carl Jung External factors  Personality is Jung has
can influence how organized and contributed in the
(Theory of certain traits are consistent. making of Four
Personality) expressed,  Although Theories of
personality personality is personality.
originates within generally
the individual. stable, it can
Personality may be influenced
grow older, by the
personality also environment.
tends to remain  It causes
consistent behaviours to
 throughout life. happen.
Henry Murray It organized It plays a central Murray believes
personality in role in the origin of that needs can be
(Psychogenic terms of motives, psychological pain. interrelated, can
Needs Theory) presses and support other
needs. Human needs. He also
nature involved a believes that
set of universal environmental
basic needs, factors play a role
however, Murray in how theses
said that individual psychogenic
differences on needs are
those needs lead displayed in
to the unique behaviour.
personalities that
each person has.
Kurt Lewin It examines Lewin focused on It emphasized
patterns of fusing psychology interpersonal
(Psychological interaction with the philosophy conflict, individual
Field Theory) between the of science resulted personalities and
individual and the in an extensive situational
total field or number of variables and
environment. empirical studies Lewin proposed
performed realms that behaviour is
of child the result of the
development , individual and their
motivation and environment.
social behaviour
particularly having
to do with
observational
studies and
experiments on
children’s
behaviour.

3. Give similarities and differences of the Organismic Theory according to Adler, Horney,
Fromm and Sullivan.

Theorist Similarities Differences

Alfred Adler (Personality
Theory)
Karen Horney (Psychoanalytic
Thery)
Erich Fromm (Neo-Freudian
Psychoanalyst)
Harry Stack Sullivan
 The fact that human can be
viewed as a social creature.
 The fact that humans have
this feeling of being inferior.
 They are neo-freudians.
 They developed their own
unique theories and
perspectives on human
development, personality
and behaviour. They broke
Adler addresses psychology of
women as a cultural
phenomenon, as opposed to
Freud’s view that women are
fundamentally incapable of
developing a complete and
healthy personality.
Fromm suggested that people
develop certain personality
styles or strategies in order to
deal with the anxiety created by
 the Freudian Psychoanalytic
tradition to develop their own
psychodynamic theories.
feelings of isolation.
Sullivan evolved a theory of
personality that emphasized the
importance of interpersonal
relations.
Horney developed one of the
best knows theories of neurosis.
She believed that neurosis
resulted from basic anxiety
caused by interpersonal
relationships.

4. Discuss the Johari Window theory and how will this be beneficial to teachers.
A major goal of the course is to get the students better understand themselves as members of
a team through a series of self-reflective and collaborative management techniques. One of the best
techniques is the Johari Windows theory, which helps people better understand the relationship/
contrast between how they see themselves and how others see them. As a teacher, in management
of class—the students will love the activity wherein it makes them aware of the gaps in their own
perspectives of what they know about themselves and what others know about them. The theory is
simple: the more others understand you and the more you open up to each other, the more rapport
and the trust are developed and as a result, relationships can strengthen.

5. Discuss the Transactional Analysis and its Application to Teaching-Learning Process.

In order for the student to learn and succeed within a classroom setting, a good and effective
teacher is needed to facilitate the learning process. For the teacher to improve their performance, the
Theory of Transactional Analysis offers teachers and students a means through which they can better
understand what happens inside the classroom on a social level. Transactional Analysis was
developed by Eric Berne, and has been defined as ‘a theory of personality and a systematic
psychotherapy for personal growth and change. Knowledge from this theory is very useful in
promoting communication skills as transaction referring to the communication exchanges which take
place between people. This theory can assist teachers enhance their ability to direct transactions
which occur within the classroom setting, thus creating constructive outcome for both themselves and
their learners. Transactional analysis brings greater awareness into the classroom and with this
comes options and the possibility of doing things differently.

SUBMITTED TO:

HERMINIGILDO S. BADION, Ed.D

Professor 5/ Subject Professor