Objectives:

•Relate density, specific gravity,

mass and volume to each other.
•Relate pressure to area and force.
•Relate pressure to fluid density
and depth.
 Objectives:
•Apply Pascal’s Principle in
analyzing fluids in various
systems.
•Apply the concept of buoyancy
and Archimedes’ Principle.
GROUP GAME:
Select which of the
following substance or
fluids flow easily?
Water Honey
Water
Maple Syrup Cooking Oil
Cooking Oil
Water Air
Air
 Chocolate
Water Falls
Fondue
Water Falls
Egg White Egg Yoke
Egg Yoke
Cool Air Warm Air
Warm Air
GUESS THE WORD
❑Group yourselves into four.
❑Identify the jumbled word
assigned to your group through
the taboo cards and definition
of the word provided to you.
❑Relate the word to the
characteristics of the
objects/substance on the
table top.
❑Select one reporter to
represent the group.
DENSITY
❑If an object or fluid is composed
of heavier atoms or molecules, or
those particles are packed most
closely together, then it’s going to
have higher density.
DENSITY
❑It is defined as mass per unit
volume.
𝒎 𝒌𝒈
𝝆= → 𝟑
𝒗 𝒎
❑Density of water: 1000 kg/𝑚 3
EXAMPLE 1: (Density)
Find the mass and weight of
the air in a living room with a
4.0m x 5.0m floor and a ceiling
3.0m high. (𝜌𝑎𝑖𝑟 = 1.29 𝑘𝑔/𝑚 )3
EXAMPLE 2: (Density)
Using the same living room,
what is the mass and weight of
an equal volume of water?
SPECIFIC GRAVITY
❑Is a dimensionless unit
defined as the ratio of the
density of a substance to
the density of water
SPECIFIC GRAVITY
𝝆𝒔𝒖𝒃𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆
𝑺𝑮 =
𝝆𝒘𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒓
EXAMPLES: (SG)
1. What is the specific gravity
of Ice? (𝜌𝑖𝑐𝑒 = 0.92 × 10 )
3

2. What is the specific gravity

of gold? (𝜌𝑔𝑜𝑙𝑑 = 19.3 × 10 )
3
PRESSURE
❑When a fluid (either liquid or
gas) is at rest, it exerts a force
perpendicular to any surface in
contact with it, such as a
container wall or a body
immersed in the fluid.
PRESSURE
❑Average pressure at sea level is
101,325 Pascals.
❑1 kPa = 1000 Pa
❑101,325 Pa = 1 atm (atmospheric
pressure)
PRESSURE
❑It is applied force divided by
area.

𝑭 𝑵
𝑷 = → 𝟐 → 𝑷𝒂(𝑷𝒂𝒔𝒄𝒂𝒍𝒔)
𝑨 𝒎
EXAMPLE 1: (Pressure)
1. A 15kg rectangular block
with a length of 70cm and a
width of 40cm rests on a
table. What pressure does
the book exert on the table?
EXAMPLE 2: (Pressure)
2. A closed rectangular container
with dimensions 4mx5mx6m is
filled with water. What is the
pressure exerted by the water
on the bottom face of the
container?
Pressure and Depth

𝑷 = 𝝆𝒈𝒉
Pressure and Depth

𝑷 = 𝝆𝒈𝒉
Pressure Height

Fluid’s Density Gravity

Pressure and Depth

∆𝑷 = 𝝆𝒈∆𝒉
Change in Change
Pressure in Height
Fluid’s Density Gravity
EXAMPLE 3: (Pressure)
3. Let’s say you’re swimming in a
pool that’s 3m deep and you want
to know how much pressure you’ll
experience at the bottom of the
pool versus how deep you are now,
which is, let’s assume, a quarter of
a meter.
Pressure and Depth
Pressure of
fluids
depends on
depth.
PASCAL’S PRINCIPLE
Pressure applied to an enclosed
fluid is transmitted undiminished
to every portion of the fluid and
the walls of the containing
vessel.
Hydraulic Lift
Math Terms:
𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝐹𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡
=
𝐴𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝐴𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡
𝐴𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝐹𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡
=
𝐴𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡
GUIDE QUESTIONS:
❑ What is Buoyancy?
❑ What is Archimedes’
Principle/Law?
❑ What is the difference between
Buoyant Force and Force of
Gravity?
GUIDE QUESTIONS:
❑ How do you relate object’s volume
to the volume of water displaced?
❑ How do you relate the density of
the liquid to buoyant force?
BUOYANCY
❑A body immersed in water
seems to weigh less than it is
in air.
❑When the body is less dense
than fluid , it floats.
ARCHIMEDES’ PRINCIPLE
When a body is completely or
partially immersed in a fluid, the
fluid exerts an upward force on
the body equal to the weight of
the fluid displaced by the body.
 𝑃𝑇

𝑃𝑆 𝑃𝑆

𝑃𝐵
 𝑃𝑇

𝑃𝑆 𝑃𝑆

𝑃𝐵
 𝑃𝑇

𝐹𝑁 = 𝐹𝐵 −𝐹𝑇
𝑃𝑆 𝑃𝑆 2 −𝑃 𝑑 2
𝐹𝑁 = 𝑃𝐵 𝑑 𝑇
𝐹𝑁 = (𝑃𝐵 − 𝑃𝐵 ) 𝑑 2

𝑃𝐵
 𝑷𝑻 𝐹𝑁 = 𝐹𝐵 −𝐹𝑇
2 −𝑃 𝑑 2
𝐹𝑁 = 𝑃𝐵 𝑑 𝑇
𝐹𝑁 = (𝑃𝐵 − 𝑃𝑇 ) 𝑑 2
𝒉
𝑃𝑇 = 𝜌ℎ𝑔 𝑃𝐵 = 𝜌 ℎ + 𝑑 𝑔
𝑃𝐵 = 𝜌ℎ𝑔 + 𝜌𝑑𝑔

𝑷𝑩
 𝑷𝑻 𝑃𝑇 = 𝜌ℎ𝑔 𝑃𝐵 = 𝜌 ℎ + 𝑑 𝑔
𝑃𝐵 = 𝜌ℎ𝑔 + 𝜌𝑑𝑔
Substitute:
𝒉 𝐹𝑁 = (𝑃𝐵 − 𝑃𝑇 ) 𝑑 2
𝐹𝑁 = (𝜌ℎ𝑔 + 𝜌𝑑𝑔 − 𝜌ℎ𝑔)𝑑 2

𝑷𝑩
 𝑷𝑻 𝑃𝑇 = 𝜌ℎ𝑔 𝑃𝐵 = 𝜌 ℎ + 𝑑 𝑔
𝑃𝐵 = 𝜌ℎ𝑔 + 𝜌𝑑𝑔
Substitute:
𝒉 𝐹𝑁 = (𝑃𝐵 − 𝑃𝑇 ) 𝑑 2
𝐹𝑁 = (𝜌ℎ𝑔 + 𝜌𝑑𝑔 − 𝜌ℎ𝑔) 𝑑 2

𝐹𝑁 = (𝜌𝑑𝑔) 𝑑 2
3
𝐹𝑁 = 𝜌𝑔𝑑
𝐹𝑁 = 𝑚𝑔 Weight of the water
being displaced
𝑷𝑩
EXAMPLE 1: (BUOYANCY)
1. A beach ball with a volume
of 5,000 𝑐𝑚 is pushed
3
underwater. What is the
magnitude of the buoyant
force pushing upwards?
EXAMPLE 2: (BUOYANCY)
2. What percentage of balsa
wood will be submerged in
the water given that the
density of balsa wood is 130
kg/𝑚 ?
3
Board Work
1. A closed cylindrical container is
filled with a fluid that has a
specific gravity of 1.7. what is
the pressure exerted by this
fluid at a depth of 15m?
Board Work
2. What is the mass of air
that fills a rectangular
room that measures
7mx12mx4m.
Explain:
❑Based on what you have
learned today, explain and
elaborate why nails sink at
the sea while nails don’t?
Recap!
❑What is the relationship of
density, specific gravity,
mass, and volume?
Recap!
❑What is the relationship to
the force applied to a
specific area to its pressure?
Recap!
❑What is Pascal’s Principle?
Explain.
Recap!
❑What is Archimedes
Principle? Explain.
Quiz!
1. If the mass of the object
increases, it density will
______.
Quiz!