Additional Notes:

Solid-Liquid Extraction Operations

Single Stage
V2 V1

1
L1 L0

Cross-flow Multiple Stage V0 V0 V0

Vn Vn-1 V1
N 2 1 L0

Ln L2 L1
Countercurrent Multiple Stage

VN+1 VN V3 V2 V1
N 2 1
LN Ln-1 L2 L1 L0
 Single Stage Solid-Liquid Extraction Operations

A
C
V2 V1 C

A L1 L0 A
B B
C
Where A - desirable solute material, B - inert and C - solvent
Assuming dilute solutions at steady-state.
Total Mass Balance: 𝐿0 + 𝑉2 = 𝐿1 + 𝑉1
Component A Balance: 𝐿0 x0 + 𝑉2 𝑦2 = 𝐿1 𝑥1 + 𝑉1 𝑦1
𝐿0 x0 = 𝐿1 𝑥1 + 𝑉1 𝑦1 k= y1/x1
𝐿x0 = 𝐿𝑥1 + 𝑉𝑘𝑥1
𝑥0 𝐿 𝑥0 𝑥0
𝑥1 = = = S – Separation Factor
𝐿 + 𝑉𝑘 𝑉𝐾 + 1 𝑆 + 1
𝐿
 Multiple Stage Solid-Liquid Extraction Operations
Cross-flow Multiple Stage

0.5V0 0.5V0

V2 V1
2 1 L0

L2 L1

Component A Balance at stages 1 and 2, respectively:

𝑥0
𝑥1 =
0.5𝑉𝐾
𝐿 +1
𝑥0
𝑥2 = 2
0.5𝑉𝐾
𝐿 +1
 Multiple Stage Solid-Liquid Extraction Operations
Countercurrent Multiple Stage

V3 V2 V1

2 1
L2 L1 L0

Component A Balance at stage 2: Component A Balance at stage 1:

Lx1 + 𝑉𝑦3 = 𝐿𝑥2 + 𝑉𝑦2 Lx0 + 𝑉𝑦2 = 𝐿𝑥1 + 𝑉𝑦1
Lx0 + 𝑉𝑘𝑥2 = 𝐿𝑥1 + 𝑉𝑘𝑥1
Lx1 = 𝐿𝑥2 + 𝑉𝑘𝑥2
𝑉𝑘
𝑉𝑘 Lx0 + 𝑉𝑘𝑥2 = (𝐿 + 𝑉𝑘) 𝑥2 + 𝐿 2
𝑥
x 1 = 𝑥2 + 𝑥 𝑉𝑘 2
𝐿 2 Lx0 + 𝑉𝑘𝑥2 = 𝐿𝑥2 + 𝑉𝑘𝑥2 + 𝑉𝑘𝑥2 + 𝐿 𝑥2
𝐿x0 x0
x2 = =
𝑉𝑘 2 𝑉𝑘 2
𝑉𝑘
𝐿 + 𝑉𝑘 + 𝐿 + 𝐿 +1
𝐿
x0
x2 =
𝑆2 + 𝑆 + 1
Kremser Equation for Countercurrent Multiple Stage

x0
x𝑁 = 𝑁
𝑆 + 𝑆𝑁−1 + ⋯ + 𝑆 + 1
x0 𝑆−1
x𝑁 =
𝑆𝑁 + 𝑆𝑁−1 + ⋯ + 𝑆 + 1 𝑆 − 1
S − 1 x0
x𝑁 =
𝑆𝑁+1 − 1

𝑆 − 1 x0
𝑙𝑛 x𝑁
𝑁= −1
𝑙𝑛𝑆
 TYPICAL EQUILIBRIUM DIAGRAM

• NOTE THE SOLID PHASE IS REPRESENTED BY

THE UPPER LINE
• SOLUTION EQUILIBRIUM ON McCABE IS x = y
LINE FOR THIS SITUATION
SOLID PHASE

Y=B/( A+C )

LIQUID PHASE

0 1
xA, yA
 SINGLE STAGE LEACHING

• MODELED LIKE A SINGLE STAGE LLX

xb,Lb xa,La

Y=B/(A+C)

yb,Vb
0 ya,Va 1
xA, yA
MULTIPLE CROSS CURRENT LEACHING

• MODEL IS BASED ON AMOUNT IN EACH

PHASE

(xb,Lb)1 = (xa, La)2 xa,La

(xb,Lb)2

Y=B/(A+C)
M2

M1
yb,Vb
0 (ya,Va)1 1
(ya,Va)2 xA, yA
 MULTISTAGE COUNTERCURRENT
LEACHING
• RESULTS FOR DESIGN ARE
SIMILAR TO SHOWN IN FIG.
12.10-2
• FOR SYSTEM WITH
CONSTANT L/V RATIO, THE
APPROACH IS TO MODEL
USING ABSORPTION
FACTORS FOR ALL STAGES
AFTER THE FIRST MIX
MULTISTAGE COUNTERCURRENT
LEACHING CONFIGURATION
MULTISTAGE COUNTERCURRENT LEACHING MODEL

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