Human Development 501-001 Jason Scofield

Exam 2 November 18, 2009

Directions: Complete all answers on the test booklet. Questions 1 - 20 are multiple choice and fill-in-the-
blank. Questions 21 - 29 are short answers and responses should be 2 - 5 sentences long. Questions 30 - 33
are essays and responses should be 10 - 15 sentences long. All written answers should demonstrate a clear
and thorough understanding of the concepts involved, including important details and examples. This exam
is worth a total of 50 points, 1 for each multiple choice and fill-in-the-blank, 2 or 3 points for each short
answer, and 6 points for each essay.

Students are required to complete: 15/20 multiple choice and fill-in-the-blank questions, 4/5 2-point short
answers, 3/4 3-point short answers, and 3/4 essay questions.

Multiple Choice and Fill-in-the-Blank (1 point each)

1. Give an example of a display rule: ______________________________________.

2. Memories that are specific to one's own personal life are known as ___________________ and the
inability to recall these memories is known as___________________.

3. Conforming:

a. decreases dramatically during adolescence.

b. remains stable throughout adolescence.
c. increases slightly during adolescence.
d. increases dramatically during adolescence.

4. Infant Lila has recently learned the word kick. She only uses it when she kicks her red soccer ball. Lila's
use of 'kick' is best described as ___________________ because she applies the word too narrowly.

5. The difference between instrumental aggression and hostile aggression can be reduced to:

a. severity of aggression.
b. intention of the aggression.
c. duration of aggression.
d. frequency of aggression.

6. Specific areas of the human brain are associated with language abilities. ___________________ is the
brain area responsible for language production and ___________________ is the brain area responsible for
language comprehension.

7. Human emotion is commonly defined by all of the following except:

a. valence.
b. intensity.
c. facial expressions.
d. transitory nature.

8. Children begin learning words at an early age. A noticeable characteristic of early word learning is that
children undergo a shift from learning words slowly to learning word rapidly. This shift is sometimes
known as the ___________________.

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9. ___________________ is the process that converts sensory information into neural activity.

10. Vance is a 4th grader who just passed a test on long division. When his parents asked about the test
Lance said that he ‘was lucky’ and that the test was 'easy'. Lance was using a ___________________ to
explain his behavior.

a. an external locus of control

b. an internal locus of control
c. none of the above

11. Categories are said to have both vertical properties and horizontal properties. Which of the following is
an example of a vertical property of the category ‘shirt’?

a. sandals
b. khakis
c. corduroys
d. turtle-neck
e. b and c
f. none of the above

12. To truly understand the concept of pretend children must understand that pretend is:

a. intentional.
b. real.
c. done for fun.
d. none of the above.

13. It has been argued that males and females use two different standards when making moral decisions.
Females are said to act according to a ___________________ standard while males are said to act
according to a ___________________ standard.

14. Which if the following is considered the least developed sense in neonates?

a. seeing
b. hearing
c. smelling
d. tasting
e. touching

15. Adults often relay exaggerated sounds and animated expressions when interacting with babies. These
sounds and expressions are commonly known as ___________________.

16. A classic self-recognition task is the rouge task, where an infant with a small amount of red make-up on
the nose or forehead is placed in front of a mirror. The infant is not considered to have mastered self-
recognition until the infant:

a. touches the mirror.

b. points at the mirror.
c. touches her face.
d. ignores the mirror.

17. Two methods of reading instruction include ___________________, which involves teaching
individual speech sounds and ___________________, which involves teaching complete language units
(i.e., words).

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18. A negative evaluation of a self-concept is known as ___________________.

19. 4-year-old Kevin and 5-year-old Sarah are playing house. Kevin is cooking on the stove while Sarah is
setting the table for dinner. What kind of play are Kevin and Sarah engaged in?

a. associative play
b. cooperative play
c. onlooker play
d. parallel play

20. Sam, a 3-year-old, is waiting to scare his dad when he gets home from work. Sam is excited but he
waits until his dad opens the front door to say ‘BOO’. Which of the following abilities has Sam mastered?

a. behavioral inhibition
b. behavioral regulation
c. emotion inhibition
d. emotion regulation

Short Essays (2 or 3 points each)

21. Describe the concept of a false belief and outline an example of a false belief task. (2 points)

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22. Children's memories are often susceptible to misinformation which can lead to false memories. List and
describe the factors that contribute to false memories and discuss why false memories may be dangerous.
(2 points)

23. Neonates are equipped with a set of innate behaviors known as reflexes. List and describe 6 reflexes
and outline why each behavior might be critical enough to be reflexive. (2 points)

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24. List and describe the basic (i.e., primary) emotions and the features that make these emotions ‘basic’.
(2 points)

25. There is often pressure to conform to group norms or expectations. Use a specific example (e.g.,
smoking a cigarette) to describe each of the different levels of conformity. (2 points)

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26. A structure emerges in groups where some members are rated as having a higher social status than
others. List and describe the different statuses and some specific behaviors that might lead to each status.
(3 points)

27. Children develop the ability to make moral distinctions between right and wrong. List and describe the
stages of moral development according to Kohlberg and how specific stages are revealed through the
common method of measurement. (3 points)

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28. Discuss the concept of gender. Be sure to list and describe the key components of children's
understanding of gender and how they relate to a full understanding of gender. (3 points)

29. Discuss children's play. Be sure to include a brief description of what play is and give examples and
descriptions of the different types of play. (3 points)

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 Long Essays (6 points each)

30. Discuss children's temperament. Be sure to include the dimensions of temperament (i.e., Thomas &
Chess and Rothbart) and how those dimensions align with specific temperament styles (i.e., easy, difficult
and slow-to-warm-up).

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31. Discuss children's attachment. Be sure to include the episodes in the strange situation and how those
episodes align with specific attachment types (i.e., a secure attachment and the 3 insecure attachments).

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32. Discuss children's language development. Be sure to provide a timeline for the development of
language and to give examples of the linguistic, biological, and social support children have for learning
language.

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33. Discuss the 5 main senses. Be sure to briefly describe how each sense detects sensory stimuli and list
some of the capacities, sensitivities, or preferences that infants show in each sense.

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