CONTEXT CLUES

are hints that an author gives to help define a difficult or unusual word within a book. The clue may appear
within the same sentence as the word to which it refers or it may follow in the next sentence
The five types of context clues are:

1. Definition/Explanation Clues

 Sometimes a word's or phrase's meaning is explained immediately after its use.

 Example: "Haberdashery, which is a store that sells men’s clothing, is becoming more common today.”

2. Restatement/Synonym

 Clues Sometimes a hard word or phrase is said in a simple way.

 Example: "Lou was sent to the haberdashery to find a new suit. He needed to wear one for his uncle’s
wedding."

Because the sentence says that Lou would find a suit at the haberdashery, then it must be a place where clothes for
men are sold.

3. Contrast/Antonym Clues

 Sometimes a word or phrase is clarified by the presentation of the opposite meaning somewhere close to its
use. Look for signal words when applying context clues.

 Example: "Lou wanted to go to the haberdashery, but Ann wanted to shop at the boutique.”

The signal word but tells the reader that an opposite thought is going to be stated.

4. Inference/General Context

 Clues Sometimes a word or phrase is not immediately clarified within the same sentence. Relationships,
which are not directly apparent, are inferred or implied. The reader must look for clues within, before, and
after the sentence in which the word is used.

 Example: “The haberdashery was Lou’s favorite place. He loved shopping for nice suits. The people who
worked there were so kind and helpful.”

5. Punctuation

 Readers can also use clues of punctuation and type style to infer meaning, such as quotation marks (showing
the word has a special meaning), dashes, parentheses or brackets (enclosing a definition), and italics
(showing the word will be defined).
 Examples: Tom's father was a haberdasher, or men’s shop keeper, in the story.

Tom's father was a haberdasher (men’s shop keeper) in the story.

In the story, Tom's father was a haberdasher-or men’s shop keeper.

Tom's father was a “haberdasher”. He had a clothing store for men.

 STUDY PLAN
A study plan is an effective way to help you navigate through your college education, and hold you
accountable for your own learning outcomes. Time management can be challenging. Besides your classes,
you likely have other commitments like extracurricular activities, work, and social engagements.

CREATING YOUR SCHEDULES

Steps
1. Establish short-term and long-term goals for studying. ...
 It will be easier to create and manage your schedule if you know what you want to achieve
at the end. This will also help you identify areas that you need to focus on.
2. List all the subjects you need to study. ...
 Perhaps the first step in creating your study schedule is to list all of the subjects and
courses you need to study for. Putting your obligations on paper will help you get a better
idea of what you really have to do. If you have specific exams to study for, list these instead
of courses.
3. Figure out what you need to do for each subject or exam. ...
 Now that you’ve written down all of the different subjects you need to study for, you need to
figure out what you need to do for each course. While your time commitment and other
obligations for a specific class might vary per week, chances are you’ll find out that over the
long-haul, you’ll need a certain amount of time per subject.
4. Prioritize your list. ...
 After you’ve made a list of all the subjects or exams you need to study for and figured out
what you need to do for each, prioritize the list. Ranking each class in importance will help
you figure out what subjects you need to devote the most time to and which subjects should
get your best time slots.
5. Divide your available time during the week into study blocks. ...
 Before you go on, you need to divide up your available time during the week into study
blocks. After you do this, you can go and assign your blocks to a subject.
6. Reserve time for non-academic activities. ...
 While blocking off time for each subject, you also need to make sure that you are reserving
time for family, friends, and rest. This is because you won’t be able to succeed at your
studies unless you create a healthy balance between your personal life and your academic
life
7. Fill in your study blocks.
 Once you’ve got your schedule blocked out and you know what you need to schedule, fill in
your schedule. Write down which subject you are studying in each session. This will help
keep you on track, create checkpoints for the material, and allow you to organize your
textbooks and study materials ahead of time.
CONSIDERING YOUR SCHEDULE AND PERSONALITY
1. Assess your current schedule
 Your first step in creating a study schedule is to assess your current schedule and the
way you currently spend time. Assessing your current schedule will enable you to take a
good look at how you use time and to help identify where you can be more efficient and
what activities you might be able to cut.
2. Take into account your learning style
 While figuring out how you spend time is one of the most important parts of creating
your schedule, you also need to figure out how you actually study. Figuring out how you
study can help you determine if you can have overlap in activities. It will also help you
figure out how you can use time you don’t normally use. Ask yourself a few questions.
3. Reflect upon your work ethic
 Although you might design yourself an awesome schedule, your schedule will mean
relatively little if you don’t commit yourself to studying. As a result, you need to spend a
little bit of time reflecting upon your work ethic.

FOLLOWING YOUR SCHEDULE

1. Make the most of your scheduled off time
o One of the biggest challenges in following your study schedule is that you’ll be
tempted to blow it off and instead do something relaxing, fun, or entertaining.
However, you need to resist this temptation and instead make the most of your
scheduled entertainment time.
2. Take short breaks and stick to them
o Make sure to take one break during each study block. However, this could
present problems. One of the most important elements of following your study
schedule is to make sure you abide by your schedule and only take the allotted
amount of break time. Taking extra breaks or prolonging breaks can and will
undermine your schedule and sabotage your plans for studying success.
3. Stick to the schedule
o The one hard-and-fast rule about making sure your schedule works is that you’ve
got to adhere to your schedule. There's no point in making a study schedule if
you don't stick to it.
4. Tell others about your schedule
o Sometimes our schedules are hard to follow because important people in our
lives distract us from our goals. This is not done maliciously, but just because
people who care about you want to spend time with you. In order to avoid this, tell
people in your lives about your schedule. This way, if they want to do something,
they can plan around it.
I. What is a Paraphrase?

A paraphrase (pronounced par–uh-freyz) is a restatement or rewording of a paragraph or

text, in order to borrow, clarify, or expand on information without plagiarizing.
Paraphrasing is an important tool to use when writing research papers, essays, and
pieces of journalism.

II. Examples of Paraphrasing

For examples of paraphrasing, consider these possible re-wordings of the same

statement:

She angered me with her inappropriate comments, rumor-spreading, and disrespectfulness at the formal
dinner table.
Example 1
She made me angry when she was rude at dinner.
This paraphrase is an example of a rewording which shortens and simplifies while
maintaining the same meaning.

Example 2
Her impoliteness, gossiping, and general lack of respect at dinner infuriated me.
This rephrasing maintains the same meaning but is rearranged in a creative way.

Example 3
I was mad when she started spreading rumors, making inappropriate comments, and disrespecting other
guests at our dinner.
Another paraphrase, this rewording properly and interestingly rearranges the information
provided in the original sentence.

III. Types of Paraphrasing

A. Change of Parts of Speech

Parts of speech ranging from verbs and nouns to adjectives and adverbs are replaced
with new parts of speech in this type of paraphrasing. Here is an example:

Original Sentence:
The boy quickly ran across the finish line, seizing yet another victory.
Paraphrase:
The quick boy seized yet another victory when he ran across the finish line.
In this example, many parts of speech are changed: the adverb quickly becomes the
adjective quick, and the verb phrase with the gerund seizing becomes the verb seized.

B. Change of Structure
This type of paraphrasing involves changing the sentence’s structure, sometimes creating
a passive voice from an active voice and vice versa. The change in structure can be used
to reflect the writer’s interpretation of the original quote. Here is an example of change of
structure paraphrasing:
Original Sentence:
Puppies were adopted by numerous kind souls at the puppy drive.
Paraphrase:
Many kind souls adopted puppies during the puppy drive.
In this example, the object of the sentence (kind souls) becomes the subject with an
active voice (adopted) rather than a passive voice (were adopted).

C. Reduction of Clauses
Reduction of clauses paraphrases reduce the number of clauses in a sentence, which can
be interruptive or confusing, by incorporating the phrases into the sentence. Here is an
example of reduction of clauses paraphrasing:

Original Sentence:
While I understand where you’re coming from, and truly respect your opinion, I wish you would express
yourself more clearly, like Clara does.
Paraphrase:
I understand where you’re coming from and respect your opinion, but I wish you would be more like Clara
and express yourself more clearly.

D. Synonym Replacement
Synonym replacement paraphrasing is one of the simplest forms of paraphrasing:
replacing words with similar words, or synonyms. Here is an example:
Original Sentence:
The older citizens were honored with a parade for those once in the military.
Paraphrase:
Senior citizens were honored with a march for veterans.
In this example, many synonyms are used: older citizens are senior citizens, a parade
becomes a march, and those once in the military refers to veterans.