SIGAW NG BALINTAWAK O PUGAD LAWIN

I. HISTORY
The Cry of Pugad Lawin (Filipino: Sigaw ng Pugad
Lawin), alternately and originally referred to as the Cry of
Balintawak (Filipino: Sigaw ng Balíntawak, Spanish: Grito de
Balíntawak), was the beginning of the Philippine
Revolution against the Spanish Empire.
At the close of August 1896, members of
the Katipunan secret society (Katipuneros) led by Andrés
Bonifacio rose up in revolt somewhere in an area referred to
as Caloocan, wider than the jurisdiction of present-day Caloocan
City which may have overlapped into present-day Quezon City.
Originally the term "cry" referred to the first clash between
the Katipuneros and the Civil Guards (Guardia Civil). The cry
could also refer to the tearing up of community tax
certificates (cédulas personales) in defiance of their allegiance to
Spain. This was literally accompanied by patriotic shouts.
Because of competing accounts and ambiguity of the place
where this event took place, the exact date and place of the Cry is
in contention. From 1908 until 1963, the official stance was that the
cry occurred on August 26 in Balintawak. In 1963 the Philippine
government declared a shift to August 23 in Pugad Lawin, Quezon
City.

II. CONTROVERSIAL ISSUES

The National History Institute of the Philippines
It has placed a commemorative plaque marking the location
of the "Cry" in Pugad Lawin, Quezon City.
Dr. Pio Valenzuela
At September 1896, stated that Katipunan meetings took
place from Sunday to Tuesday or August 23 to 25 at Balintawak
 At 1911, states that Katipunan began meeting on August 22
while the "Cry" took place on August 23 at Apolonio Samson's
house in Balintawak
Stated that "hindi sa Balintawak nangyari ang unang sigaw
ng paghihimagsik na kinalalagian ngayon ng bantayog, kung di sa
pook na kilala sa tawag na Pugadlawin."
Valenzuela memoirs (1964, 1978) states that the Cry took
place on 23 August at the house of Juan Ramos at Pugad Lawin.
The NHI influenced by Valenzuela’s memoirs, in 1963, upon the
NHI endorsement, President Diosdado Macapagal ordered that the Cry be celebrated on 23 August and that
Pugad Lawin be recognized as its site.
John N. Schumacher, S.J, of the Ateneo de Manila University
He says that, “I would certainly give much less credence to all accounts coming from Pio Valezuela,
and to the interpretations Agoncillo got from him verbally, since Valenzuela gave so many versions from
the time he surrendered to the Spanish authorities and made various statements not always compatible with
one another up to the time when as an old man he was interviewed by Agoncillo.”
Story: In Pugad Lawin, at the back yard of house of Juan Ramos (son of Melchora Aquino aka
“Tandang Sora”), at 1896, August 23, Katipunans listened to the speech of Bonifacio and tore their cedula
and vowed to fight.

III. OPINIONS OF AUTHORS

Santiago Alvarez
(August 24, 1896 in Bahay Toro,
BALINTAW PUGAD now in Quezon City)
AK LAWIN
Lt. Olegario Diaz Pio Valenzuela
Milagros Guerrero, Emmanuel
Teodoro Kalaw Teodoro
Encarnacion and Ramon Villegas
Gregorio Zaide Agoncillo
(Tandang Sora's barn in Gulod,
Barangay Banlat, Quezon City)

1. LT. Olegario Diaz

- Officer of the Spanish Guardia Civil, took place in Balintawak on August 25, 1896
2. Teodoro Kalaw
- In his 1925 book The Filipino Revolution, took place during the last week of
August 1896 at Kangkong, Balintawak
 3. Santiago Alvarez
- Son of Mariano Alvarez, the leader of the Magdiwang in Cavite stated in 1927 that
it took place in Bahay Toro now in Quezon City on August 24, 1896
4. Teodoro Agoncillo
- Historian, took place in Pugad Lawin on August 23, 1896, echoing Pio
Valenzuela’s Statement
5. Milagros Guerrero, Emmanuel Encarnacion, and Ramon Villegas
- Taken place in Tandang Sora’s barn in Gulod, Barangay Banlat, Quezon City
6. Gregorio Zaide
- in his books in 1954 that the "Cry" happened in Balintawak on August 26, 1896
7. Pio Valenzuela
- a close associate of Andrés Bonifacio, declared in 1948 that it happened in Pugad
Lawin on August 23, 1896

Group 4 – BSA – 2A
Asuncion, Anna Marie G.
Dancel, Lea Joy G.
Blas, Mark Darrell A.
Delos Santos, Mary Grace L.
Carabbacan, Lhoren M,
Calucag, Jonalyn L.
Corpuz, Lou Eron P.