READING 10

If the Master’s degree is the

new Bachelor’s, is the
doctorate now the new
Master's?
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PRE-READING

A- Vocabulary Pre-view:

EXERCISE 1: Match the words given below with their synonyms:

1. Proportion (n) 6. Dispel (v)
a) Extent a) Disperse
b) Rate b) Demolish
c) Effect c) Govern
d) Ratio d) Wipe out
e) Impact e) Knock down
2. Age (v) 7. Attainment (n)
a) Grow up a) Accomplishment
b) Legislate b) Absorption
c) Mature c) Achievement
d) Enforce d) Emission
e) Impose e) Success
3. Outpace (v) 8. Renowned (adj)
a) Outrun a) Persuasive
b) Reign b) Convincing
c) Surmount c) Well-known
d) Eclipse d) Famed
e) Rule e) Prominent
4. Resident (n) 9. Lead to (phr v)
a) Ruler a) Cause
b) Dweller b) Bring about
c) Inhabitant c) Result in
d) Citizen d) Conserve
e) Governor e) Give rise to
5. Project (v) 10. Thriving (adj)
a) Predict a) Flourishing
b) Overwhelm b) Prosperous
c) Foresee c) Successful
d) Guess d) Frank
e) Estimate e) Candid

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B- Grammar Pre-view:
1. V+ / adj/ soyut isim / preposition how: (nasıl… olduğu)
(how+adj/adv/much/many/little/few şeklide kullanımı da yaygındır.)

(The US Census Bureau can tell us a thing or two about how the American and
European populations are aging = Amerikan Nüfus Sayımı Bürosu bize Amerikalı ve
Avrupalı halkların nasıl yaşlanıyor oldukları konusunda birkaç şey söyleyebilir.)
(noun clause)

Forward-looking companies are thinking not only about how criminals can gain
access to networks, but also what they do when they're inside.
Don't ask how to get a promotion – ask yourself which sacrifices you're willing
to make.

2. Indeed (Dahası / Hatta / Aslında)

(SVO. Indeed, SVO. / SVO; indeed, SVO. / SVO. S, indeed, VO. / SVO. SVO, indeed.

Vurgulama yapmak için kullanılır. Sözlük anlamı “aslında” olmasına rağmen, soru
çözümlerinde kendisinen önceki cümleyi vurguladığından ve böylelikle de
desteklediğinden paralel bağlar. Bundan dolayı, anlamını “dahası / hatta” şeklinde
düşünmek çok daha faydalı olacaktır.)

In fact
Indeed
As a matter of fact
Actually

Years ago, we believed that we weren’t animals and that animals were here
solely for our use. Indeed, a cow was just a walking burger, steak of Sunday
roast, keeping itself fresh and tasty ready for when we were hungry.
Girls under 15 are five times more likely to die in childbirth than women in their
twenties. In fact, according to the World Health Organization, complications
related to pregnancy and childbirth are the second cause of death for girls aged
between 15 and 19 around the world.

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6. As well = also (… de/ da) (dahi anlamında)

The sun's activity is changing, and the Northern Lights will change as well.

7. As well as + n, SVO. SVO as well as + n. (…ya ek olarak / …ya ilaveten / …nın

yanısıra)

As well as
In addition to
Besides
Apart from
Along with
Coronary heart disease (CHD) increases with body mass index (BMI), as well as
with age.
The researchers looked at how many children receive some amount of talk
therapy along with medication.
Apart from water, our brain is rich in lipids - in plain language: fats.

8. such as : like + noun (giving examples) (… gibi)

By reducing abnormalities in the body clock of offspring, it may be possible to

develop therapies for serious lifestyle-related diseases, such as heart disease
and obesity.

9. Increase / rise / decrease / fall gibi artış ve düşüş anlatan isimlerden sonra in
preposition’ı kullanılır. Increase ve rise gibi artış isimlerinin önüne ise on
preposition’ı koyulur. (This increase in people / the rise in the number of
Americans) (professional doctoral programs are on the rise)

Doctors in Togo, West Africa have seen a 10 percent drop in tuberculosis death
rates after redesigning diagnosis and treatment services.
In the 1990s, there was a rise in initiatives that limited certain forms of hunting
and fishing.
Authorities across the globe are concerned about the impact of use of
antibiotics on the increase in antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
More than 650 million adults and 120 million children worldwide live with
obesity - and it is on the increase.
Inequality is on the rise in several of the world's developed economies.

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15. The comparative … the comparative / the more … the more (ne kadar ekmek o
kadar köfte)

(the more doctoral candidates there are on the market, the more aspiring
researchers will flock toward good programs = piyasada ne kadar çok doktora adayı
olursa, o kadar çok azimli araştırmacı iyi programlara akin edecektir)

The more time women spend on unpaid domestic work, the less time they
spend on paid work.
The more curious we are about a topic, the easier it is to learn information
about that topic.
The more physically active we are, the less biological aging takes place in our
bodies.

16. Neither … nor … (ne … ne de … ) (it seems neither possible nor desirable= ne
mümkün ne de cazip görünmüyor)

(Cümleyi anlam olarak olumsuz yapar ve bu yapının olduğu cümlede başka bir
negative kelime (never / not / nobody gibi) kullanılamaz.)

In the 21st century, trade and FDI are neither complements nor substitutes –
they are two facets of a single economic activity: international production
sharing.
They can neither talk nor walk, but babies already have a grasp of the physics of
liquids.

17. Noun + where (relative clause) (İsimlerden sonra gelerek, yer özelliği ile o ismi
niteler, tanımlar, açıklar. Yerine “preposition + which” yani “in/at/on/from
which” kullanılabilir.) (WHERE + tam cümle)

(a career in which rhetorical skill, debate and critique, and peer review are
required = hitabet becerisinin, tartışma ve eleştirinin ve emsal değerlendirmenin
gerekli olduğu bir kariyer)
(programs … where 100% of the teaching is face-to-face and where students are
trained =%100 yüz yüze eğitimin olduğu ve öğrencilerin eğitildiği programlar)

Researchers have pinpointed for the first time the area in the human brain
where doubt arises.
Classical liberalism is a political philosophy and ideology belonging to liberalism
in which primary emphasis is placed on securing the freedom of the individual.

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If the Master’s degree is the new Bachelor’s, is the doctorate now the
new Master's?

The US Census Bureau can tell us a thing or two about how the American and European
populations are aging – the proportion of those older than 50 continues to outpace that of
those younger than 50. Indeed, the number of US residents 65 and over is projected to
double by 2060. AARP president JoAnn Jenkins has suggested that we need to “disrupt
aging” – to rethink what getting older means and to dispel the many received ideas we
have. With rising percentage of Americans living longer than previous generations, their
working lives are longer as well. Their educational attainment has also risen, as they pick
up a new diploma or two later in life. Paradoxically, a number of reports on the US
education sector have revealed a stagnation or even decline in the number of MBA
programs, with several renowned schools discontinuing full-time two-year programs. This
is in part due to a crisis of college affordability in the United States. With increased
mobility, a rising number of American students, young and old, are considering countries
with lower tuition rates. For those interested in obtaining an MBA, this has led to a thriving
sector in other parts of the world, as well as alternatives such as the MIM (Master’s in
International Management) and Professional Science Master’s. According to the 2015 US
Census, 32% of US residents hold at least a bachelor’s degree, 9% a master’s degree, and
2% a doctorate. This increase in people boosting their educational qualifications has
resulted in a kind of “credential one-upsmanship”. If the master’s degree has been called
the “new bachelor’s”, then a mere bachelor’s degree may be devolving into the equivalent
of a high-school diploma. With the rise in the number of Americans over 60 remaining in
the workforce and those holding master’s degrees, it seems safe to say that the demand
for doctoral qualifications for older students will increase as well. This trend will in turn put
new pressures on universities to design part-time alternatives for professionals, rather
than the traditional Ph.D. programs that require 4 to 6 years of full-time commitment.
Country case studies show the need to design professional doctorates to meet this growing
demand. A 2016 study in the United Kingdom indicated that professional doctoral
programs are on the rise in fields like engineering, psychology, education, medicine and
business administration. As the program director of a Doctor’s of Business Administration

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EXERCISE 2: Mark the statements as True (T) or False (F).

_____ 1. The American and European populations house elder people than young ones.

_____ 2. The number of European dwellers 65 and older is predicted to increase two-fold
by 2060.

_____ 3. The longer Americans live, the longer they stay at work, but that increase does
not correlate with rising educational attainment.

_____ 4. American students are incrementally preferring countries with reasonable tuitions
other than the US.

_____ 5. According to the official statistics, almost a third of the US residents are the
master’s degree holders.

_____ 6. It is quite likely for a bachelor’s degree to be regarded as a high-school diploma

considering the level of educational quality in the US which is below the expected
standards.

_____ 7. High-quality Ph.D. programs are projected to attract more enthusiastic

researchers on the market.

_____ 8. Many Americans are interested in professional programs like Grenoble’s (Doctor’s
of Business Administration) DBA as they offer both face-to-face and online teaching.

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EXERCISE 3: Choose the best answer according to the passage.

1. According to the writer, it is surprising that ----.

A) the high tuition rates of the American universities do not necessarily affect the
number of students attending these schools’ doctorate programs
B) in other parts of the world, a flourishing market has appeared for those wishing
to acquire an MBA degree
C) the American population is getting older considerably faster than the European
populations for the last two decades
D) there is a stagnation or even a decline in the number of MBA programs despite
increasing number of Americans obtaining more diplomas
E) the definition of getting older is nowadays changing, and so people all over the
world need to alter many of their preconceptions as to aging

2. Looking at the rise in the number of Americans older than 60 working and
obtaining master’s degrees, the author has confidently predicted that ----.

A) MBA programs in the US will be completely suspended

B) more doctoral qualifications will be demanded by older students
C) more reports on the US education system will be needed
D) professional doctorate programmes will lose popularity
E) a career in academia, not in consulting, will be more on demand

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POST-READING

EXERCISE 4:

Find the words or phrases in the passage which mean the same as:

Column A Column B

a) to increase or improve something and make it more ____________________________

successful ____________________________
b) a first university degree in an arts subject, a science ____________________________
subject etc
c) to make something happen / cause / give rise to /
lead to ____________________________
d) an official process of counting a country’s ____________________________
population and finding out about the people
e) a situation in which someone does or says ____________________________
something in order to prove that they are better
than someone else ____________________________
f) to prevent something from continuing in its usual
way by causing problems ____________________________
g) A qualification, achievement, quality, or aspect of a
person's background, especially when used to ____________________________
indicate their suitability for something
h) the process of getting old
i) to change from one thing to another, often to
something bad ____________________________
j) to get or win something / receive
k) someone who works in a job that needs special ____________________________
education and training, such as a doctor, lawyer, or ____________________________
architect ____________________________
l) in a way that is surprising because it is the opposite ____________________________
of what you would expect

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m) relating to a job that needs special education and

training ____________________________
n) several / a group of / a lot of ____________________________
o) to make it possible for someone to do something, or ____________________________
for something to happen ____________________________
p) staying the same and not growing or developing
q) to look for someone or something ____________________________
r) being cheap enough for most people to afford
s) the service of providing advice to companies
t) the money you pay for being taught / fee
u) a list of things that you want to do before you die
v) to get something that you want, especially through
your own effort, skill, or work / get / acquire
w) to move upon or fill (something) in great numbers
x) a rank or level of authority in an organization,
business etc, or the people at that level
y) to bring honour to an occasion or group of people by
coming to something

EXERCISE 5: Complete the sentences by selecting words from Column B in EXERCISE 4.

1. Profits last year were -------------------- by £69m of interest savings from the £572m
rights issue a year ago.
2. The protest -------------------- the Democratic convention Saturday, nearly forcing its
cancellation.
3. The year 2013 saw the Japanese economy turn the corner on two decades of -------
-------------, ensuring the strength of their economy.
4. Large shifts in technology have -------------------- large shifts in social structures, and
how individuals both contribute to society and make a living.
5. While energy -------------------- economic development, it also contributes two-thirds
of global greenhouse gas emissions.

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