ABSTRACT

This experiment was conducted with the objective of to investigate the effect of liquid to gas
ratio (L/G) to the separation of the particles with different of velocity. Various water flow rate is
manipulated in the experiment to study the effect of the water flow rate to the separation of the
aluminum oxide from the water. In this experiment, air flow rate and the initial amount of
aluminum oxide are kept constant throughout all the trial at 11 m/s and 200g respectively. Each
trail is conducted in 35 minutes duration to insure that all of the aluminum oxide are fed into the
water stream. After each trial end, the aluminum oxide power that had been retained are
collected and dried in the oven for 12 hours at 80°C. The result that was obtain from the 5 LPM,
7 LPM, 12 LPM, and 15 LPM are 161.856g, 171.556g, 185.386g and 193.826g respectively
which having the efficiency of 80.71%, 85.73%, 92.69% and 96.88% respectively. The result
show that as the water flow rate increase the efficiency removal also increase.
INTRODUCTION
A venturi scrubbing system optimized for removing the most optically active sized particles from
a gaseous effluent stream is disclosed (Schwab, J. J., 1994). The venturi scrubber is one of the
most efficient gas cleaning devices to remove the contaminated particles from gaseous stream
during severe accident in nuclear power plant (Majid Ali, Changqi Yan, Zhongning Sun, Haifeng
Gu, Khurram Mehboob, 2013). A venturi scrubber, as shown in Figure 21-6, is a frequently used
high-energy wet collector. Gas flow is constricted through a venturi throat section and water is
introduced as high-pressure streams perpendicular to the gas flow (Woodard &amp, 2006).
There are two processes which an air scrubber can use to clean the air of gaseous
contaminants. The first process is adsorption. Adsorption can be defined as a process in which
material (adsorbate) travels from a gas or liquid phase and forms a superficial monomolecular
layer on a solid or liquid condensed phase (substrate) (Christopher Blair Crawford, Brian Quinn,
2017).
Second process that are portrayed by the venturi scrubber are chemisorption. Chemisorption is
the strong adsorption of a molecule onto a surface through the spontaneous formation of a
chemical bond (Grant A. Edwards, Adam Johan Bergren, Marc D. Porter, 2007). During the
chemisorption process certain chemicals are mixed with the less-absorbable gases which reacts
by forming a new more stable chemical compound.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the effect of liquid to gas ratio (L/G) to the separation of the particles with
different of velocity.

THEORY
Venturi scrubbers are high efficiency gas cleaners in which suspended particles are removed
from gas streams by drops formed by liquid atomization, usually in the Venturi throat. The size
of the drops formed are of fundamental importance to the performance of the equipment, both in
terms of pressure drop and dust removal efficiency [6].

The venturi scrubber applies the Bernoulli principle in which are show by the equation;

By applying the continuity equation allow to express the flow velocity as a function of the flow
velocity and the ratio of the two flow areas.
𝜌1 𝐴1 𝑣1 = 𝜌2 𝐴2 𝑣2
𝜌2 𝐴2 𝑣2
𝑣1 =
𝜌1 𝐴2
𝐴2
𝑣1 = 𝑣2
𝐴1
Rearrange the Equation 1 and substituting the above result for 𝑉1 to solve for 𝑉2 ;
 𝑉2 2 − 𝑉1 2 𝑔𝑐
= (𝑃1 − 𝑃2 )𝑣
2𝑔 𝑔

𝐴2 2
𝑣2 2 − (𝑣2 ) = (𝑃1 − 𝑃2 )2𝑣𝑔𝑐
𝐴1

2
𝐴2 2
𝑣2 (1 − ( ) ) = (𝑃1 − 𝑃2 )2𝑣𝑔𝑐
𝐴1

(𝑃1 − 𝑃2 )2𝑣𝑔𝑐
𝑣2 = √
𝐴
(1 − (𝐴2 )2
1

From this we can conclude that the flow velocity at the throat of the venturi and the volumetric
flow rate are directly proportional to the square root of the differential pressure.
APPARATUS

POWDER FEEDER

CONTROLLER
VENTURI SCRUBBER
VESSEL TO HEAT THE FILTRATE
[1] Schwab, J. J. (1994). U.S. Patent No. 5,279,646. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and
Trademark Office.
[2] Christopher Blair Crawford, Brian Quinn,6 - The interactions of microplastics and chemical
pollutants, Editor(s): Christopher Blair Crawford, Brian Quinn, Microplastic Pollutants, Elsevier,
2017
[3] Grant A. Edwards, Adam Johan Bergren, Marc D. Porter,8 - Chemically Modified
Electrodes,Editor(s): Cynthia G. Zoski,Handbook of Electrochemistry, Elsevier, 2007.
[4] Majid Ali, Changqi Yan, Zhongning Sun, Haifeng Gu, Khurram Mehboob,Dust particle
removal efficiency of a venturi scrubber, Annals of Nuclear Energy, Volume 54, 2013.
[5] Woodard & Curran, Inc., in Industrial Waste Treatment Handbook (Second Edition),
2006.
[6] D Fernández Alonso, J.A.S Gonçalves, B.J Azzopardi, J.R Coury, Drop size measurements
in Venturi scrubbers, Chemical Engineering Science, Volume 56, Issue 16,2001.