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CS6303 Computer Architecture Two

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CS6303 Computer Architecture for 3rd sem CSE for the

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DHANALAKSHMI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, CHENNAI

Two Marks Questions with Answers

CS6303 COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE

RD
II YEAR/ 3  SEMESTER CSE

UNIT-I OVERVIEW & INSTRUCTIONS

1.  What are the eight great ideas in computer architecture?

The eight great ideas in computer architecture are:
1.  Design for Moore’s Law  
2.  Use Abstraction to Simplify Design
3.  Make the Common Case Fast
4.  Performance via Parallelism
5.  Performance via Pipelining
6.  Performance via Prediction
7.  Hierarchy of Memories
8.  Dependability via Redundancy

2.  What are the five classic components of a computer?  

The five classic components of a computer are input, output, memory,
datapath, and control, with the last two sometimes combined and called the processor.

3.  Define –  ISA 
The instruction set architecture, or simply architecture of a computer is the
interface between the hardware and the lowest-level software. It includes anything
 programmers need to know to make a binary machine language program work
correctly, including instructions, I/O devices, and so on.
4.  Define –  ABI 
Typically, the operating system will encapsulate the details of doing I/O,
allocating memory, and other low-level system functions so that application programmers
do not need to worry about such details. The combination of the basic instruction set and
the operating system interface provided for application programmers is called the
application binary interface (ABI)
 application binary interface (ABI).

5.  What are the advantages of network computers?  

 Networked computers have several major advantages:
■ Communication: Information is exchanged between computers at high speeds.
■ Resource sharing: Rather than each computer having its own I/O devices,
computers on the network can share I/O devices.

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■ Nonlocal access: By connecting computers over long distances, users need

not be near the computer they are using.

6.  Define
Define –   Response Time 
 –  Response
Response time is also called execution time. The total time required for the
computer to complete a task, including disk accesses, memory accesses, I/O activities,
operating system overhead, CPU execution time, and so on is called response time.

7.  Define
Define –   Throughput 
 –  Throughput
Throughput or bandwidth is the total amount of work done in a given time.

8.  Write the CPU performance equation.  

The Classic CPU Performance Equation in terms of instruction count
(the number of instructions executed by the program), CPI, and clock cycle time:

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9.  If documents.
computer Yourinfirst
A runs a program 30 days
10 seconds, andare free!B runs
computer the same
program in 15 seconds, how much faster is A over B.

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10. What are the basic components of performance?

The basic components of performance and how each is measured are:
Components of Performance Units of measure
CPU execution time
time for a program Seconds for the program
Instruction count Instruction executed for the program
Cl k l i t ti (CPI) A b f l k l i t ti
 Clock cycles per instruction(CPI) Average number of clock cycles per instruction
Clock cycle time Seconds per clock cycle

11. Write the formula for CPU execution time for a program.

12. Write the formula for CPU clock cycles required for a program.
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13. Define
Continue
Define –   MIPS  Reading With Trial
 –  MIPS
Million Instructions Per Second (MIPS) is a measurement of program
speed based on the number ofo f millions of instructions.

MIPS is computed as:

14. What are the fields in an MIPS instruction?  

MIPS fields are

op rs rt rd shamt funct
6 bits 5bits 5 bits 5 bits 5 bits 6 bits

Where,
 

op: Basic operation of the instruction, traditionally called the opcode.

rs: The first register source operand.
rt: The second register source operand.
rd: The register destination operand. It gets the result of the operation
shamt: Shift amount.
f t F ti
 funct: Function.

15. Write
16. Define
Define –  an example
 –  Stored
 Stored Concepts  operand.  
for immediate
Program
The quick
Today’s add instruction
computers are built onwith
twoone
key constant operand
principles:   is called add immed
To add 4 to registerare
1. Instructions $s3, we just write
represented as numbers.
2. Programs are stored in memory to be read or written, just like data.
addi lead
These principles $s3,$s3,4 # $s3 = $s3concept.
to the stored-program +4 Treating instructions
way as data greatly simplifies both the memory hardware and the software
systems.

17. Define
Define – 
 –  Addressing
 Addressing Modes
The different ways in which the operands of an instruction are specifie
as addressing modes.
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addressing modes are the following:
1. Immediate addressing
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addressing
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addressing
4. PC-relative addressing
5. Pseudo direct addressing
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