Should
the
State
Family
Planning
Program
make
emergency
birth
control
more


accessible
by
lowering
the
age
limit
on
over‐the‐counter
purchases?




Source
1‐
Academic‐
Study


Summary:


• This
study
was
conducted
to
assess
the
number
of
emergency
medicine

physicians
who
had
prescribed
emergency
contraception
pills
to
adolescents
and

to
identify
barriers
to
emergency
contraception
pill
prescription
for
adolescents.

The
provided
information
about
adolescents
(‐17)
and
the
importance
to

increase
their
accessibility
to
the
emergency
contraception
pill
is
valuable
for
my

issue.





Title:


• Exploring
Emergency
Contraception
Knowledge,
Prescription
Practices,
and

Barriers
to
Prescription
for
Adolescents
in
the
Emergency
Department.


Publication
Information:


• PEDIATRICS
Vol.
123
No.
3
March
3,
2009,
pp.
765‐770

Author:


• Monika
Goyal,
MD
‐
Department
of
Pediatrics,
University
of
Pennsylvania
School

of
Medicine.
Division
of
Emergency
Medicine.


• Hauqing
Zhao,
MS
–
Biostatistics
and
Data
Management
Core,
Children’s
Hospital

of
Philadelphia.


• Cynthia
Mollen,
MD,
MSCE
‐
Department
of
Pediatrics
and
Center
for

Epidemiology
and
Biostatistics
University
of
Pennsylvania
School
of
Medicine.

Division
of
Emergency
Medicine.

Location:
Online
Research
Study
‐

http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/content/full/123/3/765

Accessed:


• October
5,
2010



Support:


• 26
references
are
cited
in
MLA
format
at
the
end
of
the
research
study.
Theses

references
work
together
to
support
the
statistics
and
information
in
this
study.



Source
Analysis:


• This
study
was
published
in
PEDIATRICS
Vol.
123
No.
3
on
March
3,
2009,

published
online
March
2,
2009.
PEDIATRICS
is
an
official
peer‐reviewed
journal

of
the
American
Academy
of
Pediatrics.
The
AAP
has
published
PEDIATRICS
each

month
since
January
1948.
PEDIATRICS
is
a
registered
trademark
of
the
AAP.
The

journal
is
typeset
and
printed
by
Cadmus
Communications.
The
online
edition
of

PEDIATRICS
is
produced
and
hosted
by
Stanford
University's
HighWire
Press.

Usefulness:


• This
study
told
me
about
the
accessibility
of
emergency
contraception
pill
for

adolescents
and
the
significance
for
an
increase
in
that
accessibility
because
78%

of
teenage
pregnancies
are
unplanned.
The
results
of
this
study
are
aimed
at

 providing
a
foundation
for
improving
adolescent
access
to
emergency

contraception
pill,
especially
in
emergency
settings.
Although
this
study
provided

valid
information,
it
omits
accessibility
over‐the‐counter
in
pharmacies.
With

78%
of
teenagers
having
unplanned
pregnancies,
improvement
in
accessibility

should
be
everywhere.
This
study
is
similar
to
the
Mailman
School
of
Public

Health’s
study,
which
also
addressed
the
barriers
to
access.




Works
Cited:


• Goyal,
Monika,
Hoaqing
Zhao,
and
Cynthia
Mollen.
"Exploring
Emergency

Contraception
Knowledge,
Prescription
Practices,
and
Barriers
to
Prescription
for

Adolescents
in
the
Emergency
Department."
Pediatrics,
123.3
(2009):
765‐770.




• Pediatrics
|
Official
Journal
of
the
American
Academy
of
Pediatrics.
Web.
05
Oct.

2010.
<http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/>.




Source
2‐
Academic‐Book


Summary:


• This
book
provides
a
section
specifically
for
emergency
contraceptives
and
goes

in
depth
about
the
emergency
contraceptive
pill
(ECP).




Title:


• Our
bodies,
Ourselves:
A
New
Edition
for
a
New
Era.


Publication
Information:


• Touchstone,
April
19,
2005
(this
is
the
4th
edition)

Author:


• Boston
Women’s
Health
Book
Collective
(BWHBC)
also
known
as,
Our
Bodies,

Ourselves.


• Judy
Norsigian‐
Executive
Director
and
Founder
of
BWHBC.
She
speaks
and

writes
frequently
on
a
wide
range
of
women's
health
concerns,
including

abortion
and
contraception,
sexually
transmitted
infections,
genetics
and

reproductive
technologies,
and
much
more.

Location:


• Book

Accessed:


• October
20,
2010



Support:


• Susan
Love,
MD,
and
Gloria
Steinem‐
advisory
board
members.


• Many
healthcare
professionals
and
lay
activists.


• These
two
sources
worked
together
to
create
a
new,
updated
edition
of
Our

Bodies,
Ourselves
in
order
to
update
old
information,
share
new
information,

support
their
information,
and
find
women
who
have
stories
that
other
women

can
relate
too.


Source
Analysis:


• BWHBC
is
non‐profit
organization
that
provides
women
about
health,
sexuality,

and
reproduction.
Their
first
book
was
published
in
1970
by
the
New
England

Free
Press,
and
was
written
by
12
Boston
feminists’
activists.
The
success
of
the

first
book
led
to
the
creation
of
the
BWHBC,
in
1973.
The
publisher
of
this
book
is

Touchstone,
owned
by
Simon
&
Schuster,
part
of
the
CBS
Corporation.
It
was

founded
in
1924.
It’s
now
a
major
force
in
the
consumer
publishing
industry
and

consists
numerous
well‐known
imprints.

Many
of
their
books
have
been
on
the

New
York
Times
bestseller
list.


Usefulness:


• This
book
fits
into
my
topic
because
it
valid
information
about
emergency

contraceptives.
It
talks
about
what
it
is,
what
emergency
contraceptive
pills
are,

how
they
work,
health
concerns,
different
types,
and
how
they
should
be
taken.

This
book
is
created
by
a
non‐profit
organization
that
is
trying
to
inform
women

about
different
issues.
However,
it’s
written
in
feminists
mind
set.
When
it

comes
to
the
emergency
birth
control
section,
there
doesn’t
seem
to
be
a

direction
to
their
argument.
They
provide
all
the
necessary
information
women

should
know
about
it,
but
also
recommend
other
contraceptives
in
order
to

prevent
pregnancy
and
inform
the
reader
emergency
contraceptive
pills
can
get

expensive.




Works
Cited:


• Information
on
Women's
Health
&
Sexuality
‐
Our
Bodies
Ourselves.
Web.
20

Oct.
2010.
<http://www.ourbodiesourselves.org/default.asp>.



• Vince,
By.
Simon
&
Schuster,
Inc
|
Resources
for
Authors,
Booksellers
and
Media.

Simon
&
Schuster
Overview.
Web.
20
Oct.
2010.

<http://www.simonandschuster.biz/>.





Source
3‐
Academic‐Website


Summary:


• This
information
talks
about
the
different
side
effects
women
experience
after

taking
emergency
contraceptive
pills
and
states
that
it’s
safe
for
almost
every

woman
to
use.




Title:


• Side
Effects:
What
are
the
Side
Effects
of
Emergency
Contraceptive
Pills?


Publication
Information:


• The
Emergency
Contraception
Website,
page
last
updated
November
1,
2010



Author:


• No
author
listed


Location:


• http://ec.princeton.edu/questions/ecsideeffects.html

Accessed:


• November
12,
2010



Support:


• Study
done
by
the
World
Health
Organization

• An
up‐to‐date
academic
review
by
James
Trussell,
PhD
and
Elizabeth
G.

Raymond,
MD,
MPH,
of
the
medical
and
social
science
literature
on
emergency

contraception,
including
side
effects.



• The
study
conducted
looked
at
the
side
effects
from
the
two
types
of
emergency

contraceptive
pills.
The
results
showed
that
23%
of
women
who
took
progestin‐
only
pills
(Plan
B)
felt
sick
to
their
stomach,
6%
threw
up.
In
“combined”

emergency
contraceptive
pills,
51%
of
women
who
took
the
pill
felt
sick
to
their

stomach,
23%
threw
up.
The
academic
review
states
that
no
serious

complications
have
been
linked
to
emergency
contraceptive
pills,
and
that

the
likelihood
of
serious
harm
from
repeated
use
is
low.
Although
minor
side

effects
occur
after
taking
emergency
contraceptive
pills,
theses
sources
work

together
to
prove
that
emergency
contraceptive
pills
are
safe
enough
to
use

however
many
times
a
woman
needs
to.

Source
Analysis:


• The
Emergency
Contraception
Website
is
operated
by
the
Office
of
Population

Research
at
Princeton
University
and
by
the
Association
of
Reproductive
Health

Professionals,
and
funded
by
the
Educational
Foundation
of
America.
The

website
was
started
in
1996
by
Dr.
James
Trussell
who
is
currently
the
Director

of
the
Office
of
Population
Research
at
Princeton
University.
The
website’s
goal

is
to
increase
women’s
knowledge
about
and
access
to
emergency

contraception.
The
website
is
peer
reviewed
by
a
panel
of
independent
experts.



Usefulness:


• I
found
this
source
to
be
extremely
valuable
and
it’s
my
favorite
source
thus
far.

The
website
provided
information
about
emergency
contraceptive
pills
side

effects
in
laymen
terms,
and
also
had
an
article
link
that
provided
more
in
depth

information
about
the
pills,
including
side
effects,
safety,
how
to
use,
barriers
to

access,
and
much
more.
Dr.
Trussell,
creator
of
the
website,
has
actively

promoted
making
emergency
contraception
more
widely
available
as
an

important
step
in
reducing
the
incidence
of
unplanned
pregnancy
and
the
need

for
abortion.
This
source
is
closely
related
to
the
research
study,
There’s
Always

Plan
B:
Adolescent
Knowledge,
Attitudes
and
Intention
to
Use
Emergency

Contraception,
because
they
used
studies
to
find
information
and
both
are

working
towards
increasing
the
knowledge
and
accessibility
of
emergency
birth

control.







Works
Cited:


• "Answers
to
Frequently
Asked
Questions."
Emergency
Contraception.
Office
of

Population
Research
at
Princeton
University
and
by
the
Association
of

 Reproductive
Health
Professionals.
Web.
12
Nov.
2010.

http://ec.princeton.edu/questions/index.html.



• Trussell,
James,
and
Elizabeth
G.
Raymond.
Emergency
Contraception:
A
Last

Chance
to
Prevent
Unintended
Pregnancy.
The
Emergency
Contraception

Website,
Nov.
2010.
Web.
12
Nov.
2010.





Source
4‐
Academic‐Research
Study


Summary:


• A
study
conducted
assessed
adolescent
knowledge
and
attitudes
towards

emergency
contraception.
Although,
it
took
place
in
New
York,
the
results

showed
the
cost
of
emergency
birth
control
is
one
of
the
largest
barriers
to

access.




Title:


• There’s
Always
Plan
B:
Adolescent
Knowledge,
Attitudes
and
Intention
to
Use

Emergency
Contraception.



Publication
Information:


• Mailman
School
of
Public
Health,
Columbia
University,
August
19,
2009.


Author:


• Rachel
Johnson


• Montsine
Nshom


• Andrea
M.
Nye

• Alwyn
T.
Cohall


Location:


• Research
Article:

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T5P‐4XBP9B1‐
4&_user=2148430&_coverDate=02%2F28%2F2010&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=
search&_origin=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_acct=C000056308&_v
ersion=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=2148430&md5=ee08f7e8e18f5f94f34a8dccb7
8eebf8&searchtype=a

Accessed:


• November
12,
2010



Support:


• 19
references
are
cited
at
the
end
of
the
experiment
in
MLA
format.


• 18
semi‐structured
interviews
conducted
with
adolescents
and
young
adults’

ages
15
to
21
years.

The
team
intended
to
obtain
detailed
qualitative

information
about
the
target
population
and
their
knowledge
about
emergency

contraception.


• 4
focus
groups
conducted
with
18‐year‐olds
or
older,
to
assess
the
impact
of
the

2006
policy
change
making
emergency
contraception
available
behind‐the‐

counter.


 • Through
the
2
citizen
sources,
the
team
was
able
to
gather
valuable
information

from
the
participants,
including
thoughts,
feelings,
and
experiences
with

emergency
contraception.
The
results
from
this
study
initiated
a
social
marketing

campaign
aimed
at
increasing
adolescent
knowledge
and
access
to
emergency

contraception.
The
19
sources
referenced
at
the
end
of
the
experiment
were

used
to
support
the
information
presented
to
the
participants
and
the

information
that
responded
to
the
results
of
the
study.


Source
Analysis:


• The
research
article
was
done
by
students
in
the
Mailman
School
of
Public

Health
at
Columbia
University
in
New
York,
New
York.
Since
1922
the
Mailman

School
of
Public
Health
focuses
on
public
health
research,
education,
and

community
collaboration.
They
try
to
make
a
difference
by
translating
their

research
results
into
actions.
The
school
is
the
3rd
largest
recipient
of
sponsored

research
and
NIH
funding,
for
all
schools
of
public
health.



Usefulness:


• This
source
conducted
a
study
with
adolescents
and
young
adults
about
their

knowledge
of
and
experience
with
emergency
contraception.
Although
this

study
took
place
in
New
York
in
2006,
it
provides
valuable
information
about

common
misconceptions,
general
knowledge,
barriers
to
access,
impact
of
the

policy
change,
and
attitudes
regarding
emergency
contraception.
The
purpose
of

this
study
was
to
gain
information
that
would
help
the
team
put
together
a

campaign
that
would
increase
the
awareness
of
emergency
contraception.
The

information
I
learned
about
the
barriers
to
access
was
very
interesting
to
me
and

extremely
useful
for
my
‘should’
question.
This
research
study
fits
into
my

NARAL
Pro‐Choice
Oregon
and
Project
Access
sources,
which
both
are
trying
to

increase
the
accessibility
of
emergency
birth
control.





Works
Cited:


• Johnson,
R,
M
Nshom,
AM
Nye,
and
AT
Cohall.
"There's
Always
Plan
B:

Adolescent
Knowledge,
Attitudes
and
Intention
to
Use
Emergency

Contraception."
Contraception,
81.2
(2010):
128‐132.




• Mailman
School
of
Public
Health
‐
Columbia
University.
Web.
12
Nov.
2010.

<http://www.mailman.columbia.edu/>.





Source
5‐
Academic‐Book


Summary:


• This
source
provides
a
wealth
of
information
and
resources
about
pregnancy,

abortion,
and
adoption.
In
addition
to
the
factual
information,
women
of
all

walks
of
life
share
their
real
life
stories
of
unplanned
pregnancy.
Learning

women’s
stories
about
their
unintended
pregnancies
will
educate
us
about
the

barriers
that
limited
their
access
to
emergency
contraceptives.





Title:


• The
Unplanned
Pregnancy
Handbook:
Real
Life
Stories,
Resources,
and

Information
to
Help
You.


Publication
Information:


• PublishAmerica,
December
23,
2002

Author:


• Dorrie
Williams‐Wheeler
‐Masters
of
Science
of
Education
Degree
from
Southern

Illinois
University
at
Carbondale.



Location:


• Book‐
Library


Accessed:


• October
20,
2010

Support:


• WIC
programs
and
maternity
shelters


• Provides
phone
numbers
and
websites


• The
Use
of
real
life
stories
from
women
who
experienced
unplanned

pregnancies.


• These
sources
work
together
to
provide
outside
information
on
what
to
do
if

you’re
pregnant
and
help
you
relate
to
other
women
who
might
have
been
in

the
same
situation.


Source
Analysis:


• The
Unplanned
Pregnancy
Handbook:
Real
Life
Stories,
Resources,
and

Information
to
Help
You.
This
book
aims
to
educate.
This
is
not
a
pro‐life
or
pro‐
choice
book.
This
book
lays
out
the
facts
about
the
abortion
procedure
and
is
not

judgmental
or
biased.
The
average
customer
review
on
Amazon
is
5
stars.
The

author,
Dorrie
Williams‐
Wheeler
has
received
her
Masters
of
Science
of

Education
in
Instructional
Technology,
Southern
Illinois
University
and
her

Bachelors
of
Science
of
Liberal
Arts,
Focus
Mass
Communications.
This
book
is

published
by
PublishAmerica,
started
in
1999,
Headquartered
at
the
crossroads

of
I‐70
and
I‐270,
just
outside
the
Washington,
DC
and
Baltimore
metropolitan

area.
They
get
all
their
funding
from
profits
they
make
off
selling
books.


Usefulness:


• This
non‐judgmental
based
book
provides
useful
information
for
women
who

have
an
unplanned
pregnancy.
However,
learning
about
how
women
came

across
their
unintended
pregnancy
will
help
organizations
make
emergency
birth

control
more
accessible
because
they
will
find
the
barriers
that
prevented
them

access
to
it.
The
audience
they
are
trying
to
reach
out
to
are
women
who
are

unsure
what
to
do
about
their
surprise
pregnancy.
This
is
not
an
important

source
to
my
topic
but
I
used
it
because
it’s
good
to
know
the
outcomes
of
not

having
access
to
emergency
birth
control.


Works
Cited:


• Williams‐Wheeler,
Dorrie.
The
Unplanned
Pregnancy
Handbook:
Real
Life

Stories,
Resources,
and
Information
to
Help
You.
Washington
D.C.:

PublishAmerica,
2002.
Print.

 

• "Publishing
Company
‐
Book
Publisher."
PublishAmerica.
Web.
01
Nov.
2010.

<http://www.publishamerica.com/aboutus.htm>.



• "Dorrie
M
Williams‐Wheeler
(author)
on
AuthorsDen."
AuthorsDen.
Web.
20

Oct.
2010.
<http://www.authorsden.com/visit/author.asp?authorid=10832>.





Source
6‐
Citizen


Summary:


• I
interviewed
a
girl
who
received
an
abortion
when
she
was
17‐years‐old.
She

told
me
her
story
and
talked
about
how
the
situation
would
have
never

happened
if
she
were
able
to
purchase
emergency
birth
control.





Title:


• Anonymous

Publication
Information:


• None

Author:


• The
girl
(Ask
me
if
you
need
her
contact
information)

Location:


• I
talked
to
her
at
her
apartment
in
her
room

Accessed:


• October
15,
2010



Support:

 

• None


Source
Analysis:


• None


Usefulness:


• This
citizen
source
was
very
useful
to
my
project
because
I
heard
a
personal
story

on
how
inaccessibility
to
emergency
birth
control
led
to
an
unplanned
pregnancy

and
an
abortion.
At
the
time,
17‐year‐olds
needed
a
prescription
for
the
morning

after
pill,
but
she
was
too
scared
to
tell
her
mom
that
she
was
sexually
active.

This
source
supports
my
other
sources
that
work
on
making
emergency
birth

control
more
widely
accessible
in
hopes
of
reducing
unintended
pregnancies
and

abortions.




Works
Cited:


• The
girl
I
interviewed.
Cell
phone‐
(541)
610‐2840



Source
7‐
Citizen

Summary:


 • Emergency
contraceptive
pills
are
not
a
form
of
abortion.
One
of
the
barriers
to

accessing
emergency
birth
control
is
by
people
who
are
misinformed
about
the

product.




Title:


• Emergency
Contraception


Publication
Information:


• Website‐
IDEA:
International
Debate
Education
Association,
May
27,
2003

Author:


• Tom
Hamilton‐
Durham
University
student
studying
for
a
PhD
in
ethics
and

philosophy
of
religion.


Location:


• http://www.idebate.org/debatabase/topic_details.php?topicID=215

Accessed:


• November
12,
2010



Support:


• No
support
was
present
in
this
source.


Source
Analysis:


• Tom
Hamilton
Published
this
debate
through
the
IDEA
website.
IDEA:

International
Debates
Education
Association
was
established
in
1999
and
is
an

independent
non‐profit
organization.
Funding
comes
from
government

programs,
private
foundations,
and
individuals
who
donate.



Usefulness:


• Although
this
is
an
unreliable
source,
I
used
it
because
I
learned
common

misconceptions
about
emergency
contraceptive
pills.
Based
off
his
debate,
the

author
was
pro
emergency
birth
control.
This
source
is
not
similar
to
any
of
my

sources
but
publications
by
James
Turssell
support
the
information
within

Hamilton’s
debate.






Works
Cited:


• "Emergency
Contraception."
IDEA:
International
Debate
Education
Association
‐

Debate
Resources
&
Debate
Tools.
Web.
12
Nov.
2010.

<http://www.idebate.org/about/index.php>.





Source
8‐
Citizen


Summary:


• Dr.
James
Trussell
focuses
his
research
on
emergency
contraception,

contraceptive
failure,
and
the
cost‐effectiveness
of
contraception.
Also,
he

actively
promotes
making
emergency
contraception
more
widely
available
as
an

important
step
in
helping
women
reduce
their
risk
of
unintended
pregnancy.




Title:


 • James
Trussell


Publication
Information:


• Website
through
Princeton
University

Author:


• None
listed


Location:


• http://www.princeton.edu/~trussell/index.html

Accessed:


• November
12,
2010



Support:


• A
list
of
all
his
publications
is
available
on
this
website.
His
publications
prove
his

knowledge
and
research
regarding
emergency
contraceptive
pills.


Source
Analysis:


• Dr.
James
Trussell
is
a
Professor
of
Economics
and
Public
Affairs
and
Director
of

the
Office
of
Population
Research
at
Princeton
University.
He
is
also
a
senior

fellow
at
the
Guttmacher
Institute,
a
member
of
the
National
Medical

Committee
of
Planned
Parenthood
Federation
of
America,
and
a
member
of
the

board
of
directors
of
the
NARAL
Pro‐Choice
America
Foundation
and
the
Society

of
Family
Planning.
Along
with
actively
being
involved
within
the
community
and

organizations,
he
is
the
author
or
co‐author
of
over
300
scientific
publications.


Usefulness:


• This
source
allows
me
to
look
at
his
publications
in
order
learn
more
about

emergency
contraceptive
pills.
Dr.
James
Trussell
is
a
good
citizen
source

because
he
is
actively
involved
in
the
community
along
with
widely
increasing

the
accessibility
to
emergency
birth
control
in
hopes
that
it
will
reduce
the

number
of
abortions
that
occur
from
unplanned
pregnancies.
However,
I
think

James
Trussell
should
create
a
twitter
account
so
he
could
tweet
updates
about

emergency
contraception.
This
source
closely
relates
to
the
academic
source,

The
Emergency
Contraception
Website,
because
one
of
his
publications
is

present
in
the
website,
hence
where
I
became
aware
about
Dr.
Trussell.






Works
Cited:


• James
Trussell.
Princeton
University.
Web.
12
Nov.
2010.

<http://www.princeton.edu/~trussell/index.html>.



• Cleland,
Kelly,
Elizabeth
Raymond,
Linan
Cheng,
and
Zhu
Haoping.
"Systematic

Review."
Rev.
of
Ectopic
Pregnancy
and
Emergency
Contraception.
Obstetrics

and
Gynecology
June
2010:
1263‐266.
Print.





Source
9‐
Citizen


Summary:


 • Reproductive
rights
rest
on
the
recognition
of
the
basic
right
individuals
have
to

the
right
to
attain
the
highest
standard
of
sexual
and
reproductive
health,

including
the
right
of
all
to
make
decisions
concerning
reproduction
free
of

discrimination,
coercion
and
violence.



Title:


• Wikipedia:
The
Free
Encyclopedia


Publication
Information:


• Wikipedia


Author:


• Multiple
anonymous
contributors


Location:


• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reproductive_rights

Accessed:


• October
5,
2010



Support:


• 39
Cited
references

• The
World
Health
Organization


• United
Nation's
1968
International
Conference
on
Human
Rights

• Cairo
Programme
of
Action‐
the
first
international
policy
document
defining

reproductive
health.


• These
references
work
together
to
give
this
unreliable
source
some
support
and

accuracy.
The
World
Health
Organization
defines
reproductive
rights
and
the

other
two
references,
United
Nation's
1968
International
Conference
on
Human

Rights,
and
Cairo
Programme
of
Action,
also
help
define
reproductive
health

along
with
when
reproductive
rights
began.




Source
Analysis:


• Wikipedia
is
a
multilingual,
web‐based,
free‐content
encyclopedia
that
is
written

collaboratively
by
anonymous
Internet
volunteers
who
write
without
pay.
The

company
has
developed
many
policies
and
guidelines
to
improve
the

encyclopedia.
The
website
was
created
in
2001
and
attracts
nearly
78
million

visitors
a
month.
There
are
more
than
91,000
active
contributors
and
as
of

today,
there
are
3,473,777
articles
in
English.
Sources
are
available
at
the
bottom

of
each
article.


Usefulness:


• It
is
important
to
know
the
Reproductive
Rights
given
to
females
and
males
in

order
to
help
me
better
understand
emergency
contraception
laws
and
goals.

This
source
is
created
to
provide
in
depth
information
about
Reproductive

Rights,
it’s
an
encyclopedia
so
it
was
not
intended
for
a
certain
audience.
This

source
leaves
out
information
about
laws
that
have
increased
or
limited

reproductive
rights
and
it
talks
about
international
rights,
not
just
the
United

States.
The
only
sources
similar
to
this
one
are
the
articles
from
The
Washington

 Post
and
The
Huffington
Post,
which
talk
about
pharmacists
refusing
to
sell

emergency
contraception
due
to
their
own
personal
beliefs.








Works
Cited:


• "Reproductive
Rights."
Wikipedia,
the
Free
Encyclopedia.
Wikipedia.
Web.
05

Oct.
2010.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reproductive_rights>.





Source
10‐Institutional


Summary:


• Women
ages
17
and
older
are
able
to
purchase
emergency
contraception
at
a

pharmacy
without
a
prescription;
anyone
under
17
needs
a
prescription.
Low
or

no‐cost
emergency
contraception
is
available
at
family
planning
clinic.




Title:


• Department
of
Human
Services:
Family
Planning
Program.

Publication
Information:


• Oregon.gov,
updated
October
3,
2010.


Author:


• This
site
was
created
by
Oregon’s
State
Government

Location:


• http://www.oregon.gov/DHS/ph/fp/index.shtml

Accessed:


• October
5,
2010



Support:


• Emergency
contraception
Fact
Sheet


• Find
a
family
planning
clinic
near
you
link

• Many
sources
are
available
on
this
website,
including
the
new
Emergency

Contraception
Law,
however,
the
2
sources
listed
above
support
the
accessibility

to
emergency
birth
control
in
Oregon.


Source
Analysis:


• Department
of
Human
Services:
Family
Planning
Program
is
part
of
the
official

Oregon
State
Government
website.
The
Family
Planning
Program
page
provides

information
on
sexual
and
reproductive
health
along
with
providing
tools
and

skills
in
planning
a
healthy,
planned
pregnancy.
Their
goal
is
to
reduce

unintended
pregnancies.
They
collect
and
analyze
data
that
relates
to

reproductive
health
along
with
funding
local
family
planning
health
clinics
in

Oregon.


Usefulness:


• This
source
is
the
foundation
for
my
knowledge
about
emergency
birth
control
in

Oregon.
It
tells
me
the
age
limit
for
purchasing
emergency
contraceptive
pills,

where
they
are
available,
new
laws
regarding
it,
and
Oregon’s
goal
in
reducing

the
number
of
unintended
pregnancies.
It
is
informative
source
where

 Oregonians
can
go
to
find
out
information
or
Family
Planning
Clinics.
This
source

it
similar
to
NARAL
Pro‐Choice
Oregon,
Project
Access,
and
the
research
study

conducted
by
Columbia
University
because
they
are
all
working
towards

increasing
the
access
to
emergency
birth
control.




Works
Cited:


• United
States
of
America.
Department
of
Human
Services.
Family
Planning.

Oregon.gov.
Web.
05
Oct.
2010.

<http://www.oregon.gov/DHS/ph/fp/methods.shtml>.



Source
11‐
Institutional


Summary:


• This
presents
opposing
arguments,
viewpoints,
and
health
concerns
of

Emergency
Birth
Control.


Title:


• National
Right
to
Life
(NRL)


Publication
Information:


• National
Right
to
Life
Committee
is
located
in
Washington
D.C.


Author:


• None


Location:


• http://www.nrlc.org/default.html

Accessed:


• November
12,
2010



Support:


• Legislative
documents
and
fact
sheets


• Dr.
Martin
Haskell‐an
abortion
doctor.


• These
sources
work
together
to
try
to
discourage
any
form
of
abortion
or

disturbing
reproduction,
such
as
emergency
contraception.


Source
Analysis:


• NRL
is
non‐profit
organization
headquartered
in
Washington
D.C.
but
has

affiliates
in
all
50
states.
It
was
started
in
1973
in
Detroit
as
a
response
to
the

Supreme
Court
decision
Roe
vs.
Wade,
that
legalized
abortion
in
all
50
states.

The
current
president
is
Wanda
Franz,
Ph.D.
There
are
3
separate
entities
within

the
organization,
NRL
Committee,
NRL
Education
Trust
Fund,
and
NRL
Political

Action
Committee
and
their
audiences
are
composed
of
conservatives.
The
NRL

committee
is
the
one
that
corresponds
with
my
topic
because
they
work
through

legislation
and
education
to
work
against
abortion,
infanticide,
euthanasia
and

assisted
suicide.


Usefulness:


• The
NRL
website
provides
information
and
numerous
documents
about
trends

and
statistics
regarding
abortion,
emergency
contraception
and
other
pro‐life

issues.
Abortion
opponents
said
easier
access
to
Plan
B
would
lead
women
to

 have
more
unprotected
sex
and
more
abortions.
There
is
no
scientific
evidence

that
either
has
happened.
Although
emergency
birth
control
is
not
talked
about

a
lot
on
the
website,
it
still
relates
to
my
issue
because
a
lot
of
abortions
are

from
women
who
didn’t
have
access
to
emergency
birth
control.
However,
these

documents
could
be
used
to
see
if
there
is
a
decline
in
the
number
of
abortions

when
emergency
birth
control
becomes
more
accessible.
This
website
was

published
to
inform
people
about
different
health
care
issues,
primarily

abortions,
in
hopes
of
motivating
people
against
its
legalization.
They
are

extremely
pro‐life
and
try
to
reach
out
to
voters,
women
contemplating
the
idea

of
getting
an
abortion,
and
legislatures.
They
have
a
one
sided
opinion
about
this

issue.
I
wish
the
website
included
information
about
emergency
birth
control
so

they
give
their
audience
information
on
how
to
avoid
having
an
unexpected

pregnancy.




Works
Cited:


• "National
Right
to
Life
Committee."
National
Right
to
Life.
Web.
12
Nov.
2010.

<http://www.nrlc.org/>.





Source
12‐Institutional


Summary:


• Women
are
ensured
pharmacy
access
to
emergency
birth
control

notwithstanding
any
individual
pharmacist’s
objections
and
through
training,

pharmacists
increased
their
knowledge
about
how
emergency
birth
control

works.



Title:


• Emergency
Birth
Control
Access
Project
(EBCAP)

Publication
Information:


• NARAL
Pro‐Choice
Oregon

Author:


• None

Location:


• http://www.prochoiceoregon.org/

Accessed:


• September
28,
2010



Support:


• The
Oregon
Foundation
for
reproductive
health‐
a
charitable
organization
that

oversees
the
EBCAP.


• NARAL
Pro‐Choice
Political
Action
Committee‐
they
do
a
lot
of
campaigns
and

are
the
driving
force
behind
the
election
of
many
Oregon’s
pro‐choice

candidates.

• Don
Downing‐
Professor
of
Pharmacy
at
the
University
of
Washington.


• Sara
Ainsworth,
JD,
Northwest
Women’s
law
center.


 • George
Gerding‐
project
pharmacist,
he
has
over
30
years
of
ensuring
a

collaborative
relationship
with
women’s
advocacy
efforts
and
pharmacists.


• Borders
Perrin
and
Norrander
‐
advertising
agency,
chose
the
EBC
project
in
2008

as
their
pro‐bono
client.


• These
sources
worked
together
to
make
emergency
birth
control
more

accessible
to
women
by
securing
a
policy
mandating
pharmacies
to
sell

reproductive
contraception,
increasing
pharmacist’s
knowledge,
and
creating
a

map
that
shows
where
emergency
birth
control
is
sold
in
Oregon.
Don
Downing

provided
the
emergency
birth
control
access
training
to
pharmacists
and
Sara

Ainsworth
trained
pharmacists
about
the
legal
aspects
of
dispensing
and
refusal.

Source
Analysis:


• NARAL
Pro‐Choice
Oregon
is
a
non‐profit
institutional
organization
based
in

Portland
Oregon.
The
organization
was
started
in
1977
and
is
composed
of

volunteers,
student
volunteers,
interns,
and
a
Choice
Action
Team.
Their

audience
is
Oregonian
women
and
state
legislatures.
This
institution
is
just
a

branch
off
the
national
NARAL
Pro‐Choice
America
organization,
which
is
located

in
Washington
D.C.
Former
Montana
state
legislator
and
superintendent
for

public
instruction,
Nancy
Keenan,
is
the
president
of
NARAL
Pro‐Choice
America.

The
Oregon
Foundation
for
Reproductive
Health
works
on
behalf
of
all
Oregon

women
for
access
to
reproductive
health
services,
regardless
of
where
that
care

is
provided:
private
physician
offices,
county
health
clinics,
pharmacies,
family

planning
clinics
or
Planned
Parenthood
clinics.
NARAL
Pro‐Choice
Oregon
is
also

on
Facebook,
Twitter,
and
Myspace,
in
order
to
stay
involved
with
the
social

networking
communities
and
to
increase
awareness
among
adolescents
and

women.


Usefulness:


• NARAL
Pro‐Choice
Oregon
website
gives
direct
information
about
the
Emergency

Birth
Control
Access
Plan
(EBCAP).
It
is
ran
by
volunteers
who
advocate
for

women
rights,
primarily
the
right
to
choose
any
reproductive
option.
They
reach

out
to
women
in
Oregon
and
make
them
become
aware
about
policies
that

affect
the
right
to
choose.
Reaching
out
to
women
and
informing
them
about

what
is
going
on,
increases
the
number
of
votes
for
policies
that
are
trying
to
be

passed.
For
the
EBCAP,
they
reach
out
to
pharmacies
and
other
health
clinics
in

order
to
inform
them
about
the
project
and
to
find
out
what
county
they
need
to

focus
on.
The
website
does
not
talk
about
possible
negative
side
effects
for

reproductive
choices
or
the
process
of
getting
an
abortion,
which
is
a
very

controversial
issue
and
why
pro‐choice
is
such
a
huge
deal.
This
source
is
similar

to
the
Project
Access
website
and
the
state
policies
in
a
brief
source
because

they
all
talk
about
the
accessibility
of
emergency
birth
control.





Works
Cited:


• “NARAL
Pro‐Choice
Oregon."
Official
Facebook
page.
Facebook.
Web.

<http://www.facebook.com/prochoiceoregon>.



 • NARAL
Pro‐Choice
America.
Web.
18
Oct.
2010.

<http://www.prochoiceamerica.org/>.





Source
13‐
Institutional


Summary:


• Project
Access
Emergency
Contraception
provides
information
directly
about

emergency
birth
control
(EBC)
and
Health
Care
for
women
in
Oregon.




Title:


• Project
Access
Emergency
Contraception

Publication
Information:


• Oregon
Foundation
for
Reproductive
Health,
Copywrited
in
2009.

Author:


• None

Location:


• http://www.accessebc.org/

Accessed:


• October
12,
2010





Support:


• The
Guttmatcher
Institute‐
an
interrelated
program
of
social
science
research,

public
education
and
policy
analysis
in
search
for
advances
in
sexual

reproductive
health.
The
website
uses
information
from
one
of
the
Guttmatcher

institute’s
articles.
Poorest
U.S.
women
increasingly
likely
to
face
unintended

pregnancies.


• The
Oregon
Center
of
Health
and
Human
Statistics‐
a
government
site,
keeps

track
of
Oregon’s
vital
statistics.


• The
Oregon
Foundation
for
Reproductive
Health‐
a
charitable
organization
that

oversees
the
Emergency
Birth
Control
Access
Project
(EBAC).


• There
is
a
Facebook
link
for
the
EBC
Project
Access
page,
helps
spread

knowledge
about
the
issue
and
stay
updated
about
the
issue.

• Partners
with:
American
College
of
Obstetrics
and
Gynecology,
Association
of

Oregon
Primary
Health
Nurse
Supervisors,
Borders
Perrin
Norrander,
Coalition
of

Local
Health
Officials,
Community
Health
Partnership,
Duramed
Pharmaceuticals,

The
Gender
Center,
MergerWatch,
Network
for
Reproductive
Options,

Northwest
Women’s
Law
Center,
Oregon
Board
of
Pharmacy,
Oregon
Primary

Care
Association,
Oregon
State
Pharmacy
Association,
Planned
Parenthood
of

the
Columbia/Willamette,
Planned
Parenthood
of
Southwestern
Oregon,
and

Rural
Organizing
Project



Source
Analysis:


• This
website
was
set
up
by
the
Oregon
Foundation
for
Reproductive
Health,
a

charitable
organization
and
an
entity
of
NARAL
Pro‐Choice
Oregon.
EBC
Access

 Project
organizer
is
Gwende
Silver
works
with
the
Oregon
Foundation
for

Reproductive
Health
in
order
to
ensure
women
in
Oregon
unlimited
access
to

EBC.





Usefulness:


• This
source
talks
about
the
accessibility,
myths,
side
effects,
and
proper
use
of

EBC.


• The
Oregon
Foundation
for
Reproductive
Health
published
this
website

specifically
for
EBC
Access
Project.
This
Project
is
trying
to
reduce
the
number
of

unplanned
pregnancies,
hopefully
leading
to
a
decrease
in
the
number
of

abortions.


• They
target
sexual
active
women
and
health
care
providers.






Works
Cited:


• Guttmacher
Institute,
2006:
Poorest
U.S.
Women
Increasingly
Likely
to
Face

Unintended
Pregnancies.

http://www.guttmacher.org/media/nr/2006/05/04/index.html



• Oregon
Center
of
Health
&
Human
Statistics,
2008:
Abortions
by
Month
of

Occurrence
and
County
of
Residence
2008.

http://www.oregon.gov/DHS/ph/chs/index.shtml





Source
14‐
Institutional

Summary:


• More
and
more
states
are
expanding
access
to
emergency
contraceptives
except

nine
states
have
recently
adopted
restrictions
on
emergency
contraceptives,

including
emergency
birth
control.




Title:


• State
Policies
in
a
Brief:
Emergency
Contraception

Publication
Information:


• Guttmatcher
Institute,
November
1,
2010

Author:


• None

Location:


• Pdf
document


Accessed:


• November
2,
2010



Support:


• The
last
page
of
the
pdf
document
contains
18
MLA
cited
sources.

 • The
Guttmatcher
Institute
was
able
to
come
up
with
accurate
statistics
by
using

the
sources.



Source
Analysis:


• The
Guttmacher
Institute
was
founded
in
1968
as
the
Center
for
Family
Planning

Development.
The
Center
was
originally
constituted
as
a
semiautonomous

division
of
Planned
Parenthood
Federation
of
America,
however
in
1977
it
was

renamed
in
memory
of
Alan
F.
Guttmatcher
and
became
an
independent
non‐
profit
corporation.
The
institution
maintains
offices
in
New
York
and

Washington,
and
a
40‐member
board
made
up
of
professionals
from
a
variety
of

disciplines
guides
its
work.
Their
mission
is
to
make
advances
in
sexual
and

reproductive
health
worldwide
through
an
interrelated
program
of
social
science

research,
public
education
and
policy
analysis

Usefulness:


• This
report
informed
me
about
recent
advances
and
restrictions
in
the

accessibility
of
emergency
contraceptives.
The
Guttmatcher
Institute
published

this
report
to
inform
their
audience
about
recent
information
regarding

emergency
birth
control
and
to
show
its
progress,
even
though
9
states
have

adopted
recent
restrictions
on
emergency
contraceptives.
Like
NARAL
Pro‐
Choice
Oregon,
the
Guttmatcher
Institute
is
trying
to
increase
the
accessibility
of

emergency
birth
control.
I
wish
the
report
would
have
talked
specifically
about

each
state
and
named
the
states
that
have
expanded
or
restricted
access.




Works
Cited:


• State
Policies
in
a
Brief:
Emergency
Contraception."
Guttmacher
Institute.
01

Nov.
2010.
Web.
02
Nov.
2010.
<http://www.guttmacher.org>.



Source
15‐
Journal

Summary:


• A
new
emergency
birth
control
pill
(EBC),
Ella,
is
equally
effective
the
moment

after
a
condom
breaks,
to
five
days
later.


Title:


• A
New
Morning
After
Pill
Option.


Publication
Information:


• Cosmopolitan
Magazine,
November
2010
issue.


Author:


• Zoë
Ruderman

Location:


• Page
170
in
Cosmopolitan


Accessed:


• October
30,
2010


Support:


• FDA


• Paul
Fine,
MD
‐
Medical
Director
of
Planned
Parenthood
Houston
and
Southeast

Texas
and
Louisiana

 • These
two
sources
work
together
to
prove
that
Ella
is
a
save
EBC
contraceptive

and
there
is
no
evidence
that
it
causes
an
abortion.


Source
Analysis:


• Cosmopolitan
Magazine
targets
women
ages
18‐34
and
35‐49
have
a
college

market
reach.
It
is
the
best‐selling
magazine
in
its
category,
Cosmo
has
58

international
editors,
is
published
in
34
languages
and
is
distributed
in
over
100

countries.
is
published
by
Hearts
Magazine
Division,
Hearts
Communications,

which
is
part
of
the
Hearst
Corporation,
founded
in
1951.
Other
magazines

published
include,
Country
Living
and
Marie
Clare.


Usefulness:


• This
source
informed
me
of
a
new
EBC
contraceptive
that
is
more
effective
than

Plan
B
or
other
morning
after
pills.
However,
Ella,
the
new
EBC
contraceptive,
is

more
difficult
to
obtain
because
you
need
a
prescription
from
your
doctor.
I

think
it
was
very
savvy
of
Cosmopolitan
to
publish
the
article
because
their

audience
tends
to
be
sexually
active
women.
The
article
isn’t
making
an

argument,
its
just
informing
their
readers
of
the
new,
more
effective
EBC.

Although,
it
left
out
information
about
the
possible
side
effects
if
you
take
Ella.





Works
Cited:


• Hearst
Corporation.
Web.
30
Oct.
2010.

<http://www.hearst.com/magazines/index.php>.



• Crain,
Esther.
"Gyno
News:
A
New
Morning
After
Pill."
Cosmopolitan
Nov.
2010:

170.
Print.





Source
16‐
Journal


Summary:


• The
increased
use
of
contraceptives
among
men
and
women
led
to
an
abortion

decline.



Title:


• Behind
the
Abortion
Decline


Publication
Information:


• The
New
York
Times,
Opinion
section,
January
26,
2008.

Author:


• Editorial.
It
doesn’t
list
the
author.


Location:


• http://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/26/opinion/26sat2.html


Accessed:


• October
12,
2010


Support:


• Sharon
Camp
–
President
of
the
Guttmacher
Institute.


o Study
done
by
the
Guttmacher
Institute.


  Between
2000
and
2005,
the
Guttmacher
Institute
conducted
a

study
that
showed
the
number
of
abortions
performed
yearly

dropped
from
1.3
million
to
1.2
million.
The
fewest
since
1974.

 RU‐486‐
a
drug
that
helps
women
safely
terminate
their

pregnancy
within
the
first
weeks,
with
out
surgery.


• National
Right
to
Life
Committee

o Believe
that
their
strategy
for
demonizing
abortions
and
making
it
harder

for
women
to
receive
them
is
responsible
for
the
decrease
in
the
number

or
abortions.


Source
Analysis:


o The
New
York
Times
Chairman
&
Publisher
is
Arthur
Sulzberger
Jr.
and

the
President/General
Manager
is
Scott
H.
Heekin‐Canedy.
The
New
York

Times
is
owned
by
the
New
York
Times
Company,
a
leading
media

company
that
is
headquartered
in
Midtown
Manhattan,
New
York.
They

are
responsible
for
publishing
many
newspapers,
including
The
New
York

Times,
The
Boston
Globe,
and
the
International
Herald
Tribune.


Usefulness:


• This
source
is
useful
because
it
showed
that
an
increase
use
of
contraceptives,

along
with
other
factors,
reduced
the
number
of
abortions.
It
proves
that
easier

accessibility
to
emergency
birth
control
will
reduce
the
number
of
unplanned

pregnancies,
therefore
reducing
the
number
of
abortions.
I
think
this
article

reached
both
liberals
and
conservatives
because
it
was
not
against
abortions,

but
it
talked
about
the
decrease
in
the
amount
of
abortions
in
a
positive
manner.

This
article
was
not
trying
to
reach
a
certain
audience,
it
was
just
informing
the

public
of
why
there
was
a
decline
in
the
number
of
abortions
each
year.
And

hopefully
more
people
will
start
using
contraceptives,
continuing
the
decline
of

abortions.
This
article
is
similar
to
the
other
New
York
Times
article
and
the
Wall

Street
Journal
Article,
both
talk
about
lowering
the
age
limit
of
emergency
birth

control
will
hopefully
reduce
the
number
of
teenage
pregnancies
and
abortions.





Works
Cited:


• "Company."
New
York
Times
Company.
Web.
08
Nov.
2010.

<http://www.nytco.com/company/index.html>.



• "Behind
the
Abortion
Decline."
The
New
York
Times.
The
New
York
Company,
26

Jan.
2008.
Web.
12
Nov.
2010.

<http://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/26/opinion/26sat2.html>.




Source
17‐
Journal

Summary:


• The
Washington
State
Board
of
Directory
is
considering
allowing
pharmacists
to

refuse
to
fill
prescriptions,
specifically
those
for
emergency
contraception.





Title:


• Pharmacy
Board’s
New
Motto
could
be
We
Judge


Publication
Information:


• The
Seattle
Times,
November
8,
2010

Author:


• Nicole
Brodeur


Location:


• http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/nicolebrodeur/2013380651_nicole09m.
html

Accessed:


• November
11,
2010




Support:


• Chris
Gregoire,
Governor.


• The
State’s
Secretary
of
Health


• Time
Church,
spokesman
for
the
board
and
the
Washington
State
Department
of

Health.

• Jennifer
Allan,
director
of
Public
Policy
for
Planned
Parenthood.


• These
sources
represent
official
information
about
the
meeting
that
took
place

last
week
between
members
of
Washington
States
Board
of
Pharmacy,
and
the

publics
opinion
about
decision.
The
sources
express
their
opposition
for
the

change
in
the
rule
and
discuss
the
negative
outcomes.
They
state
that

emergency
birth
control
will
not
disrupt
a
pregnancy
that
has
already
begun,

emergency
birth
control
will
become
extremely
inaccessible
to
women,
and

pharmacists
should
not
eschew
their
professional
duties
because
of
their
moral

beliefs.




Source
Analysis:


• The
Seattle
Times,
print
and
online,
is
owned
by
The
Seattle
Times
Company,

founded
in
1896
and
located
in
Seattle,
Washington.
It’s
a
private,
independent

company
owned
by
the
Blethen
Family;
operated
by
the
fourth
and
fifth

generation
of
the
family.
It’s
the
Northwest’s
most
trusted
source
for
news
and

information
and
5
million
people
per
month
access
their
online
networks,

including
seattletimes.com.
In
2010
the
Seattle
Times
won
the
Pulitzer
Prize,
for

the
7th
time.

Approximately
1,248,500
adults
read
the
Sunday
Issue.


Usefulness:


• This
article
talked
about
the
Washington
State
Board
of
Pharmacy’s
debate
and

its
significance
to
the
citizens
of
Washington.
Quotes
from
the
supporting

sources
demonstrate
the
negative
impact
this
ruling
will
have.
The
author
clearly

thinks
that
pharmacists
do
not
have
the
right
to
let
their
personal
beliefs
prevent

them
from
doing
their
job.
The
director
of
Public
Policy
for
Planned
Parenthood

speaks
on
behalf
of
the
women
who
will
be
negatively
affected
by
this
decision.

This
story’s
writing
style
is
similar
to
the
New
York
Times
article,
Behind
the

Abortion
Decline,
however,
making
emergency
birth
control
inaccessible
will

contradict
the
article’s
main
point.



 

Works
Cited:


• Brodeur,
Nicole.
"Pharmacy
Board's
New
Motto
Could
Be
We
Judge."
The
Seattle

Times.
The
Seattle
Times
Company,
08
Nov.
2010.
Web.
11
Nov.
2010.

<http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/nicolebrodeur/2013380651_nicole09
m.html>.



• The
Seattle
Times
Company
Corporate
Web
Site.
Web.
11
Nov.
2010.

<http://www.seattletimescompany.com/index.htm>.





Source
18‐
Journal


Summary:


• A
‘pro‐life
pharmacy’
opened
up
in
Washington
refusing
to
sell
any
form
of

contraceptives,
including
condoms,
birth
control,
and
emergency
contraception

pills,
creating
an
obstacle
for
women
seeking
birth
control
methods.





Title:


• Pro‐Life
Pharmacies
Refusing
to
Sell
Birth
Control

Publication
Information:


• The
Huffington
Post,
June
24,
2008

Author:


• No
Author
Listed


Location:


• http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2008/06/16/pro‐life‐pharmacies‐
refus_n_107389.html

Accessed:


• November
12,
2010



Support:


• Pharmacists
and
lawyers
representing
the
company.


• Michael
G.
Koelzer‐
owns
Kay
Pharmacy


• R.
Alta
Charo‐
University
of
Wisconsin
lawyer
and
bioethicist

• The
Pharmacists
and
lawyers
representing
the
company
argue
that
it’s
their

constitutional
right
to
refuse
to
carry
the
products,
while
R.
Alta
Charo

represents
the
women
who
live
in
that
area
and
demonstrates
how
it
will
create

a
huge
disadvantage
for
them.


Source
Analysis:


• The
Huffington
Post
is
liberal
online
news
source
that
was
launched
in
2005
and

headquartered
in
New
York
City.
Co‐Founder
&
Editor‐in‐Chief:
Arianna

Huffington.
In
2006,
SoftBank
Capital
invested
5
million
dollars
in
the
site
and
in

2008,
The
Huffington
Post
completed
a
15
million
dollar
fundraiser
from

investors,
which
will
finance
towards
the
site’s
expansion.



Usefulness:


 • This
source
was
useful
because
it
allowed
me
to
see
how
different
states
are
not

trying
to
increase
the
accessibility
of
emergency
contraception.
The
argument
of

this
article
was
pharmacists
don’t
have
the
right
to
eschew
selling
contraceptives

based
on
their
moral
beliefs.
I
didn’t
like
this
article
because
it
didn’t
provide

information
on
the
possible
consequences,
such
as
more
abortions
in
that
area?

There
was
also
no
follow
up
article
and
I’m
curious
to
see
if
the
state
allowed
the

‘pro‐choice’
pharmacy
to
not
provide
contraceptives.
This
article
is
similar
to
the

Seattle
Times
article
about
Washington
State
Board
of
Directory’s
debate
about

mandating
pharmacists
to
sell
emergency
birth
control.




Works
Cited:


• "Pro‐Life
Pharmacies
Refusing
to
Sell
Birth
Control."
Breaking
News
and
Opinion

on
The
Huffington
Post.
24
June
2008.
Web.
12
Nov.
2010.

<http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2008/06/16/pro‐life‐pharmacies‐
refus_n_107389.html>.




Source
19‐
Journal


Summary:


• Access
to
emergency
birth
control
increases
now
that
17‐year‐olds
are
able
to

purchase
it
over‐the‐counter
with
out
a
prescription.


Title:


• A
Better
Plan;
FDA
Expands
access
to
‘Morning
After’
Pill


Publication
Information:


• Wall
Street
Journal,
Eastern
Edition
Vol.
253
Issue
94,
March
23,
2009

Author:


• Jennifer
Corbett
Dooren

Location:


• http://global.factiva.com/ha/default.aspx

Accessed:


• November
12,
2010



Support:


• Food
and
Drug
Administration
(FDA)


• Judge
Edward
Korman
of
the
Federal
District
Court
in
New
York


• 
The
World
Health
Organization

• The
American
Medical
Association

• 
The
American
College
of
Obstetricians
and
Gynecologists

• The
Guttmacher
Institute


• These
sources
work
together
to
support
the
FDA’s
approval
of
allowing

emergency
birth
control
to
be
sold
over‐the‐counter
to
17‐year‐olds.
The
judge

states
his
opinion
and
claims
the
agency’s
age
18
cutoff
lacks
credibility,
the
3

health
organizations
claim
that
emergency
birth
control,
specifically
Plan
B,
is

safe
for
all
women
and
should
be
available
at
pharmacies
without
an
age
limit,

 and
the
Guttmatch
Institute
states
that
there
is
no
data
to
suggest
unfettered

access
to
Plan
B
increases
sexual
activity
among
teenagers.


Source
Analysis:


• The
Wall
Street
Journal
has
a
global
audience
of
nearly
3.5
million
and
is
the

world’s
leading
business
publication,
comprising
The
Wall
Street
Journal
Eastern,

Central,
Western,
Asia,
Europe,
National,
and
Global
Edition.
It’s
the
winner
of
33

Pulitzer
Prize
awards
and
the
paper
contains
news,
opinion,
and
analysis.

Approximately
there
are
1,063,000
paid
subscribers
for
the
online
edition.
Dow

Jones
&
Company
is
a
subsidiary
of
news
corporations
and
its
consumer
media

group
publishes
The
Wall
Street
Journal.

Usefulness:


• This
source
talked
about
the
FDA’s
approval
to
allow
17‐year‐olds
to
purchase

Plan
B
without
a
prescription.
The
3
health
organizations
and
the
Guttmatcher

Institute
supported
the
FDA’s
approval.
The
new
age
limit
will
make
emergency

birth
control
more
accessible
to
women.
This
source
is
similar
to
the
New
York

Times
article,
which
talks
about
the
same
topic.
Both
articles
have
the
same

argument
and
use
similar
sources
to
support
their
arguments.
However,
this

article
is
published
in
the
Eastern
Edition,
but
it
still
shows
how
states
are
trying

to
make
it
easier
for
women
to
access
emergency
birth
control.




Works
Cited:


• DOOREN,
JENNIFER
CORBETT.
"FDA
Expands
Access
to
Morning‐After
Pill."
Wall

Street
Journal
‐
Eastern
Edition,
253.94
(2009):
B11‐B‐1.




• "Newspaper:
About
the
Journal."
The
Wall
Street
Journal.
The
Dow
Jones
&

Company.
Web.
12
Nov.
2010.

<http://wsjmediakit.com/newspaper/circulation/>.





Source
20‐
Journal


Summary:


• In
2009
the
age
limit
for
purchasing
over‐the‐counter
emergency
birth
control

with
out
a
prescription
went
from
18
down
to
17‐years‐old.
More
Adolescents

are
becoming
sexually
active,
by
lowing
the
age
limit,
emergency
birth
control
is

more
accessible.





Title:


• F.D.A.
Easing
Access
to
‘Morning
After’
Pill


Publication
Information:


• The
New
York
Times:
Health,
April
22,
2009

Author:


• Gardiner
Harris


Location:


• http://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/23/health/23fda.html


Accessed:


• November
12,
2010



Support:


• Food
and
Drug
Administration
(FDA)


• Plan
B


• RU‐
486‐
the
abortion
pill


• Edward
R.
Korman‐
Judge,
Federal
District
Court

• Denise
Bradley‐
spokeswoman
for
Teva
Pharmaceuticals,
Israeli
drug
maker
that

manufactures
Plan
B.


• Cecile
Richards‐
president
of
the
Planned
Parenthood
Federation
of
America

• Wendy
Wright‐
president
of
Concerned
Women
for
America


• James
Trussell‐
director
of
the
Office
of
Population
Research
at
Princeton

University


• All
of
these
sources
work
together
to
support
the
FDA’s
approval
of
lowering
the

age
limit
for
emergency
birth
control.
When
Plan
B
became
available
to
women

18
and
over
without
a
prescription,
it
has
had
no
measurable
effect
on
the

nation’s
abortion
or
teenage
pregnancy
rates.
Judge
Korman
believed
that

access
to
Plan
B
for
those
18
and
older
was
driven
by
politics,
not
science.

Richards
believes
the
FDA’s
decision
is
very
positive
for
women
while
Wright

believes
the
approval
disregards
parental
rights
and
the
safety
of
minors.

Trussell,
an
advocate
for
emergency
contraception,
believes
the
approval
isn’t

going
to
be
a
cheap
cure
to
the
unintended
pregnancy
epidemic.



Source
Analysis:


• The
New
York
Times
Chairman
&
Publisher
is
Arthur
Sulzberger
Jr.
and
the

President/General
Manager
is
Scott
H.
Heekin‐Canedy.
The
New
York
Times
is

owned
by
the
New
York
Times
Company,
a
leading
media
company
that
is

headquartered
in
Midtown
Manhattan,
New
York.
They
are
responsible
for

publishing
many
newspapers,
including
The
New
York
Times,
The
Boston
Globe,

and
the
International
Herald
Tribune.


Usefulness:


• Us
has
the
highest
rate
of
teen
pregnancies
among
most
developed
countries,
by

eliminating
doctors
from
the
transaction
and
by
lowering
the
age
limit
for

purchasing
emergency
birth
control
over‐the‐counter,
hopefully
leads
to
far

fewer
pregnancies
and
abortions.
But
young
people
in
the
United
States
have
so

much
unprotected
sex
—
one
in
three
girls
under
the
age
of
20
will
get
pregnant,

with
80
percent
of
the
pregnancies
unplanned
—
that
Plan
B
has
been
little
more

than
a
sandbag
on
an
overtopped
flood
wall.
Even
women
who
are
given
the

medicine
free
often
fail
to
take
it
after
having
unprotected
sex.
I
thought
this

was
a
very
well
rounded
article
that
provided
viewpoints
from
contraception

opponents
and
advocates.
This
article
is
similar
to
the
Wall
Street
Journal
source,

which
also
talks
about
the
FDA’s
approval.




Works
Cited:


 • Harris,
Gardiner.
"F.D.A.
Easing
Access
to
'Morning
After'
Pill."
The
New
York

Times.
The
New
York
Company,
22
Apr.
2009.
Web.
12
Nov.
2010.

<http://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/23/health/23fda.html>.



• "Company."
New
York
Times
Company.
Web.
12
Nov.
2010.

<http://www.nytco.com/company/index.html>.