SEKOLAH MENENGAH KEBANGSAAN

BANDAR BINTULU
NO.156,JalanTun Hussein Onn,
97000 Bintulu, Sarawak
Tel:086-332615
Fax:086-313851

Additional Mathematics Project Work

2(2017)
STATISTIC ABOUT BLOOD PRESSURE

Student Name: Aslinda Ching Zhe Wei

Class:5S4
Identification Number: 000404-13-1032
AngkaGiliran:
Teacher’s Name: Madam Lau Lang Ing
Acknowledgement

I would like express my special thanks of gratitude to my

teacher, Madam Lau as well as our principal Madam Kong
Mee Yoke who gave me the golden opportunity to do this
wonderful project on the topic, statistic .I have done a lot
of research on internet and I came to know about so many
new things that I am really thankful to them.
Secondly,I would also like to thank my parents, siblings,
neighbours, teachers and my fellow friends who helped
me a lot in finalizing this project within the limited time
frame.They help me to collect data easier and using the
shorter time.
Introduction
Statistics it the study of the collection ,analysis,interpretation, presentation, and
organization of data in applying statistics to a scientific, industrial, or social problem. It
is conventional to begin with a statistical population or a statistical model process to
be studied. Populations can be diverse topics such as”all people living in a country”
or “every atom composing a crystal”.Statistics deals with all aspects of data including
the planning of data collection in terms of the design of surveys andeexperiments.

When census data cannot be collected, statisticians collect data by developing specific
experiment designs and survey samples. Representative sampling assures that
inferences and conclusions can safely extend from the sample to the population as a
whole. An experimental study involves taking measurements of the system under
study, manipulating the system,and the taking additional measurements using the
same procedure to determine if the manipulation has modified the values of the
measurements.In contrast, an observational study does not involve experimental
manipulation.

Two main statistical methodologies are used in the data analysis: descriptive statistics,
which summarizes data from a sample using indexes such as the mean or standard
deviation , and inferential statistics, which draws conclusions from data that are subject
to random variation; central tendency seeks to characterize the distribution’s central
or typical value, while dispersion characterizes the extent to which members of the
distribution depart from its center and each other. Inferences on mathematical
statistics are made under the framework of probability theory,which deals with the
analysis of random phenomena.

A standard statistical procedure involves the test of the relationship between two
statiscal data stes, or a data set and a synthetic data drawn from idealized model. An
hypothesis I proposed for the statistical relationship between the two data sets, and
this is compared as analternative to an idealized null hypothesis of no relationship
between two data sets.Rejecting or disproving the null hypothesis is done using
statistical tests that quantify the sense in which the null can be proves false, given the
data that are used in the test. Working from a null hypothesis, two basic forms of error
are recognied: Type 1 errors and Type 2 errors Multiple problems have come to be
assoclated with this framework: ranging from obtaining a sufficient sample size to
specifying an adequate null hypothesis.

Measuement processes that generate statistical data are also subject to error. Many of
these errors are classified as random or systematic, but other types of errors can also
be important. The presence of missing data or censoring ay result in biased estimates
and specific techniques have been developed to address these problems.
Blood Pressure
Your heart pumps blood around your body. Blood pressure is the foce of
blood against your blood vessels as it circulates through your body. This
force is necessary to make the blood flow, delivering nutrients and oxygen
throughout your body.

Hypertension
Hypertension is defined as blood pressure that is consistently above the
normal range.Anyone can develop high blood pressure, but it becomes
more common as you get older and requires even more affressive
management if you also have been diagnosed with diabetes. Once high
blood pressure develops, it usually lasts for life. High blood pressure is
one of the leading health problem in Canada. Ith causes strokes, heart
attacks, heart failure and kidney failure. It is also related to dementia and
sexual problems. Finding and treating igh blood pressure early helps
prevent these problems. Both lifestyle changes and mediacation taken as
prescribed will control high blood pressure.

Ways to keep away from hypertension

Hypertension is a very serious sickness which can effect ou health.
Therefore we need to take control.There are several things we can do to
keep your blood pressure controlled.

1. Be physicalyy active for 30 to 60 minutes on 4 to 7 days a

week. Try walking, biking, swimming, cross country skiing
or any other physical activity that you enjoy. Rmember that
even a little bit of physical activity is better than no activity.
Keep active.
2. Choose the following more often: vegetables, fruits, low-fat
dairy products, whole grains and lean meat, fish and
poultry. Limit fast foods, canned foods or foods that are
bought prepared or those that are high in salt and sugar,
saturated or transfat, such as shortening ,palm or coconut
oil and lard.
3. Eat less Sodium(salt). In general the more processed a food
is, the higher the sodium content. Try not to add salt to
your cooking and remove the salt shaker from the table.
4. Limit alcohol.If you drink alcohol, limit yourself to one or
two standards drinks a day, to a weekly maximum of 9 for
women and 14 for men.
5. Manage your weight. If you are overweight , losing 5kg will
lower your blood pressure.
6. Do not smoke. Smoking increases the risk of developing
heart problems and other diseases. Living and working
places that are smoke-free are also important. If you
smoke, a variety of treatments can help you stop. Stopping
smoking reduces your risk of dying.
7. Reduce stress. Taking steps to reduce your stress can help
improve your general health, including your blood
pressure.
Part 1
(a)Data Tabulation
Number Name Age Sexual Systolic(mmHg) Diastolic (mmHg)
1 Lau King Lee 28 Male 127 63
2 Eric Sim 27 Male 125 68
3 Peter Ching 45 Male 118 77
4 Wong Ling King 43 Male 119 67
5 Hii Lew Kong 40 Male 144 77
6 Wong King Ying 34 Male 147 89
7 Edmund Su 42 Male 126 77
8 Tiong Pak Hang 33 Male 117 72
9 Lau Mei Ng 35 Female 148 89
10 Ng SiewHui 42 Female 124 77
11 Su HuiHui 43 Female 131 78
12 ChiengNgik Sing 49 Female 117 74
13 SimPik Chai 37 Female 111 78
14 LiongYii Sing 41 Female 112 69
15 Chai Hui Ting 29 Female 103 68
16 Chai RuiZhi 16 Male 121 86
17 Soon HaoErn 17 Male 115 78
18 LiongIngTu 17 Male 122 66
19 Jason low 17 Male 129 81
20 Wong Siew En 14 Male 129 68
21 Kong Kiong Jun 15 Male 118 67
22 William Tiong 13 Male 110 77
23 Alice YiiJie 17 Female 115 67
24 Wong HuiHui 14 Female 128 71
25 Jean Liong 15 Female 141 85
26 Tan KeHui 17 Female 132 75
27 Celin Ching 16 Female 118 75
 28 Christine Lew 13 Female 116 66
29 TiongHui 16 Female 123 71
30 Lee Wang Yue 17 Female 119 69

Comparative between age and blood

pressure

The above table and comparative bar graph show the relationship between age
and blood pressure. The group of the age is separated into 2, students and adults.
However, the blood pressure is divided into 3 categories, which are normal,
prehypertension and high blood pressure(hypertension).
For the age of students, there are 7 of them having normal blood pressure , 7
students are in the prehypertension and 1 students are in high blood pressure. On
the other hand, there are 7 adults are in the normal blood pressure category.
Around 5 of them are prehypertension and 3 of them is high blood pressure.
Based on the statistics above, the are more adult having normal blood pressure
compared to the students. This means that adults are more par attention with
their healthier lifestyle in their daily life than students. Students consume more
foods that may cause high blood pressure than adults.
In a nutshell, adults are more pay attention with their healthier lifestyle and less
risk of getting high blood pressure for the group normal. The category of
hypertension, student is having less number than adults. Thus, we must be careful
and take meals according to the food pyramid in order to get the normal blood
pressure, that is the range of less than 120mmHg for systolic and less than
129mmHg for diastolic.
 Comparative between Gender and blood pressure
The relationship between gender and blood pressure is shown by the table
and the graph above. Gender is separated into males and females
,bloodpressure is divided into 3 categories(normal, prehypertension, high
blood pressure)

First of all, there are 6 male respondents in the category of normal blood
pressure. 7 of them in the prehypertension group and 2 respondents from the
high blood pressure category. For the females, 8 respondents are having
normal blood pressure, 5 respondents on the category of prehypertension
and 2 of them from the high blood pressure.

According to the data above, there are more males respondents from the
group of normal blood pressure than females. Males are more concern about
their health conditions and problems. They should take good healthy diet
everyday to prevent the risk of hypertension.

For the high blood pressure category, 2 males are suffering in this dangerous
condition. 2 of the female has hypertension. Female is less dangerous
compare to males, but they may get high blood pressure category if they do
not make any changes in their lifestyle. Males in high blood pressure have to
be careful as hypertension can cause heart attack at anytime.

In conclude, hypertension is a condition that we should look it seriously. It is

essential to practice healthy lifestyle in our daily life. As high blood pressure
usually does not have any symptoms, so it isvital to have blood pressure
checked regularly. An apple a day keeps the doctor away. Therefore, let us
practice good eating habits together to prevent all kinds of health problems.
(c) As a students, describe the role that you can play to make
the “Healthy Heart Campaign” a success.
A healthy heart is essential for human. It helps to maintain the blood
circulatory system. However, the condition of high blood pressure become the
first killer in Malaysia. The number of high blood pressure is increasing
gradually from year to year. Therefore, “Healthy Heart Campaign” is carried
out in my school. The aim of the campaign is to create awareness among
students about heart disease related health problems.

Students play vital role in the development of the country. First of all, the role
that I can play to make the “Healthy Heart Campaign” a success is to study
hard in the Biology subject. I will be able to know more information and gain
knowledge that related to my heart through this subject. From there, I
wouldknow what are the cause and symptoms of high blood pressure.

Next, I should take up the responsibility to share my knowledge to my family

members and elderly at home. As I have the chance to study Biology subject
at school. I should appreciate and be the representative to share those
information to family or people around me. I will act a “middle person” to
tell any knowledge that I know to them so they will be more alert and concern
about their health problems.

Furthermore, I will always attend and join the campaign and prepare
presentation, make announcement or notice in school and share the
information on social websites as I am quite good in technology. Teenagers
nowadays love to use these advanced technology to get any information.
Therefore, I should use the benefit of Internet to do presentation or sharing
online which might be more effective and attracts more students’ attention.

In conclusion, although I am a student, but I also have the responsibility to

make the “Healthy Heart Campaign” success. Every student should play
their role in order to raise awareness of the society about the heart-related
health problems.

Reflection
While you were conducting the project, what have you learnt? What moral
values did you practice?

While I was conducting this project, I have learnt how essential data analysis is
in our daily life. This project encourages me to work together with my friends.
I learnt the virtue of working together as I have helped and received helps
from my peers in the production of this project as sharing knowledge is vital
in achieving a single goal. It is also encourages me to gather information from
the internet, improve my thinking skills and promote effective mathematical
communication.

Not only that, I had also learned some moral values that I practiced. This
project had taught me how to be responsible on the work that was given to
me to be completed. This project made me gained more confidence to do
work and not give up easily when we could not find the solution for the
question.

I practiced to be more discipline which I had to complete this project on time

and hang in to my teacher just in time. Discipline is very important attitude. I
am able to do work well more discipline in the future.

Then, I learned to be thankful and appreciative. It is because I was able to

apply my mathematical knowledge in daily life and appreciate the beauty of
Additional Mathematics.

Lastly, I realized that Additional Mathematics is compulsory for me to fulfill

my dreams and wishes. I proposed this project work to be continued as it
brings a lot of moral values to the students. It also tests the students in
understanding Additional Mathematics.

Conclusion
In conclusion, we can do conclusion by using mathematical method to obtain
the blood pressure readings. Other than that, we can also use statistic to
determine the blood pressure readings on the highest reading among
respondents by drawing histogram, frequency polygon and ogive. These
concepts can also be used to find out not only the mean, mode and median of
the blood pressure readings obtained by respondents but also the standard
deviation through different methods.

Last but not least, we can also use pie chart to know the percentage of
respondents in each blood pressure category. We can make comparison
between different groups and blood pressure category by using comparative
bar graphs. Formathematical method to obtain the blood pressure readings.
Other than that, we can also use statistic to determine the blood pressure
readings on the highest reading among respondents by drawing histogram,
frequency polygon and ogive. These concepts can also be used to find out not
only the mean, mode and median of the blood pressure readings obtained by
respondents but also the standard deviation through different methods.

Last but not least, we can also use pie chart to know the percentage of
respondents in each blood pressure category. We can make comparison
between different groups and blood pressure category by using comparative
bar graphs. For example, bar graphs between age and blood pressure, gender
and blood pressure. Therefore, Additional Mathematics subject is very
essential and useful to us.