Plant Client Code Doc ID Code Project Nu PDF

Plant Client Code Doc ID Code Project Number
BFI Brunei
Fertilizer Complex
Fertilizer Industries
BFI PDE-CMG-G00-EC-0001 KXEO - 00045
Project Engineering Specification

PES-Y1 Painting REV. 05 Page 2 of 18

Contents
Page
1 Scope .................................................................................................................................................................... 3
2 Attachments ......................................................................................................................................................... 3
2.1 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS, SI Units ............................................................................................................. 3
2.1.1 Corrosion Protection, Painting Systems................................................................................................................. 3
2.1.2 Corrosion Protection, Application of Painting Systems .......................................................................................... 3
2.1.3 Corrosion Protection, Color Coding, Marking & Safety Marking............................................................................. 3
2.2 STANDARDS ......................................................................................................................................................... 4
BFI Brunei
Fertilizer Complex


1 Scope
This engineering specification defines the corrosion protection as well as coloring and marking of fabricated
equipment and / or system and skid equipment with metal surfaces to be applied for the Works. It is valid for
the Works and is applicable during all phases of the Works.
The aim is to ensure that the performance and application of the work is in accordance with the commonly
used standards for good workmanship in the country where the plant is to be constructed. The forms and
standards listed in this specification are to be observed carefully.
No deviation will be accepted.
2 Attachments
2.1 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS, SI Units
2.1.1 Corrosion Protection, Painting Systems
(Systems are kept unchanged since the project phase except for system 6, newly introduced for jetty,
and for system 9 for replacement of discontinued brands.)
Painting system 1 Carbon steel ≤ 120°C last amended 28.02.19 page 6 of 18
Painting system 2 Carbon steel 120 - 200°C last amended 09.04.18 page 7
Painting system 5 Carbon & austenitic stainless steel ≤ 230°C last amended 09.04.18 page 10
Painting system 6 Carbon steel, offshore area ≤ 120°C last amended 09.04.18 page 11
Painting system 7 Non-insulated steel, for color coding ≤ 120°C issued 03.11.17 page 12
Painting system 9 CS, temperature indicating paint ~ 260°C last amended 20.11.18 page 13
Painting system C Water tanks, internal tank coating ~ 70°C last amended 09.04.18 page 14
NOTE! Different manufacturers according to Exhibit 20 Vendor List are allowed but each particular system
shall be from the same manufacturer to assure compatibility.
2.1.2 Corrosion Protection, Application of Painting Systems

Application on carbon steel & galvanized steel last amended 18.04.18 page 15
Application on stainless steels & miscellaneous last amended 09.04.18 page 16
2.1.3 Corrosion Protection, Color Coding, Marking & Safety Marking

Color coding for steel structures, equipment & piping last amended 18.04.18 page 17
Marking & safety marking for equipment & piping last amended 18.04.18 page 18
NOTE! The color coding for equipment and piping has in small parts been specified by tkIS due to lack
of other information. It needs to be rechecked and noted by the Client in due time before
commencement of painting works.
BFI Brunei
Fertilizer Complex


2.2 STANDARDS
Following standards and the standards referred to therein and attached to this specification in the following
pages shall be complied with, fulfilled and executed by the Contractor for the performance and completion of
the Works and the delivery of the Plant.
UN 9257-01 Part 1 Protective Coating against Corrosion

Issue May 2001 (8 pages)
This standard covers the requirements for field painting.
UN 9257-01 Part 2 Protective Coating against Corrosion

Issue June 2001 (6 pages)
This standard covers the specific requirements for workshop painting.
UN 9257-02 Part 1 Coloring and Marking of Equipment and Piping

Issue July 2004 (4 pages)
This standard covers the color coding and marking requirements.
In addition to the regulations of the above mentioned standards the following requirements shall
be added to UN 9257-01, section 5.1, and strictly be observed:
Painting shall be done in a covered, well-ventilated shelter, provided by the sub-contractor, to
protect the freshly coated surfaces from dust and other containments during the execution of
the works.
Each coat shall be free of pinholes. Overspray, skips, runs, sags and drips shall be avoided.
Following requirements shall be complied with, fulfilled and executed by the Contractor for the
performance and completion of the Works and the delivery of the Plant.
This specification covers the requirements for field or shop painting of equipment,
piping and structural steelwork. The painting of buildings is excluded.
For scope The paint manufacturer’s instructions shall be followed explicitly for thinning and
applying their products, and shall be considered as part of this specification. Any
conflict between this specification and the paint manufacturer’s instructions shall be
referred to Owner.
In general, the following items will not be painted:

- aluminum, copper, bronze, brass and other non-ferrous metals
- concrete
- corrugated asbestos
- equipment supplied with manufacturer’s standard finish coat
- moving parts of machinery or valves
- nameplates
General - plastic or plastic coated surfaces
- surfaces to be protected by wrapping
- carbon steel or stainless steel steam tracing
- insulation weatherproofing
- fireproofing
- uninsulated stainless steel piping and equipment
- galvanized surfaces (except safety paints)
- machined and gasket surfaces
Primer and successive coats for a particular system shall be from the same
For materials
manufacturer to assure compatibility. 00
BFI Brunei
Fertilizer Complex


Blast cleaning shall be carried out using approved equipment with trained operators
to ensure that the required standards are reached and maintained.
No more surfaces shall be blasted than can be coated within the same work day.
For surface After blasting all spent shot or grit must be removed by vacuum cleaner or by
preparation compressed air and brush. 00
All stress relieving shall be completed before surface preparation starts.

All machined surfaces, including flange faces, shall be protected to prevent damage
during surface preparation.
All ingredients in any container shall be thoroughly mixed before use to ensure that
all lumps are dissolved, the pigment is completely dispersed and a uniform 00
composition obtained.
Where pigment separation readily occurs provision shall be made for continuous
mixing during application.
Two component paints shall be mixed in accordance with the manufacturer’s
instructions.
Hand mixing of paints shall only be permitted for containers up to 5 liters. All larger
containers shall be mixed by mechanical agitators and brought to a uniform
consistency. Mixing in open containers shall be done in a well-ventilated area.
Painting shall be done in a well-ventilated covered shelter, provided by the
Contractor, to protect the painted surfaces from dust and other contaminants during
the execution of the work.
Each coat of paint shall be applied as a continuous film, free of pinholes and of
For painting uniform thickness. Overspray, skips, runs, sags, and drips will be avoided.
Each coat shall be allowed to dry or cure before the next coat is applied. The
minimum drying time for the type of paint in use shall be as laid down by the paint
manufacturer.
Successive coats of paint should be of different tints. 00
Paint shall not be applied to steel which is at a temperature of over 50°C unless the
paint is specifically formulated for application at the proposed temperature.
When steel is painted in hot weather, precautions shall be taken to ensure that the
specified dry film thickness is obtained.
Thinners shall not be added unless necessary for proper application in accordance
with the paint manufacturer’s instructions. Where thinner is used, it shall be the type
recommended by the paint manufacturer and shall be added during the mixing
process.
Paint containing zinc and lead shall not be applied on stainless steel surfaces to
prevent embrittlement cracking induced by zinc. 00
Contractor shall be responsible for stencil marking of all tanks, vessels and
equipment in accordance with Owner’s instructions.
For stenciling Storage tanks shall have digits with a minimum height of 1.5 m, stenciled in black
on two sides at least.
Dimension and geometry of letters and numbers shall be agreed with Owner.
Plant Client Code Doc ID Code Project-Number
Fertilizer Complex BFI Brunei Fertilizer Industries BFI PDE-CMG-G00-EC-0001 KXEO - 00045
Erection
Corrosion protection
Painting systems Rev. 05 Page 6 of 18
Line Rev.
1 Painting system 1
2 X carbon steel galvanized steel austenitic CrNi-steel non-ferrous metal aluminium
Application for
3 X insulated & non-insulated surfaces
4 Max. operating temperature (TB) ≤ 120°C (continuous service)
5 ≤ 150°C (intermittent service)
6 Surface preparation
7 treatment with solvents type of solvent
Type
8 sweep blasting X blast cleaning X peak-to valley height µm 40 - 60
9 Preparation grade X SP 10 acc. to SSPC X Sa 2 ½ acc. to X EN ISO 8501-1 X EN ISO 12944-4
10 X cast-steel grit X chilled-iron grit X mineral slag X olivine sand 01
Blasting abrasives
11 X may be used alternatively X ≤ 0.2 mg/m³ free crystalline silica
12 Surface preparation for fasteners, field weld, touch-up
13 galvanized surfaces treatment with
14 Fasteners X steel surfaces X treatment with detergent
15 X preparation grade SP 3 X acc. to SSPC -VIS 3 acc. to EN ISO 8501-1 acc. to EN ISO 12944-4
16 brush cleaning X power tool cleaning blast cleaning sweep blasting
Field welds
Touch-up
20 Coat build-up
21 Layer No. Pigment Adhesive Dry Film Thickness Product designation
22 Shop Primer (SP)
Copyright reserved
23 Self-etching primer (SEP)

24 1st prime coat (1. PC) 11 inorganic zinc dust epoxy resin X nom. 70 µm
25 2nd prime coat (2. PC)
26 1st intermediate coat (1. IC) 13 inert polyamide cured epoxy X nom. 120 µm
27 2nd intermediate coat (2. IC)
28 1st top coat (1. TC) 15 inert aliphatic polyurethane X nom. 50 µm
29 2nd top coat (2. TC)
30 Total dry film thickness 240 µm
31 Touch-up layer No. Pigment Adhesive Dry Film Thickness Product designation
32 1st prime coat (1. PC) inorganic zinc dust epoxy resin X nom. 70 µm
34 1st intermediate coat (1. IC) inert polyamide cured epoxy X nom. 120 µm
36 1st top coat (1. TC) inert aliphatic polyurethane X nom. 50 µm
38 Manufacturers of coating materials Carboline, Hempel, International, Jotun, PPG (Amercoat, Sigma) X or other approved
39 Checking and testing
40 Surface preparation X acc. to SSPC-SP acc. to EN ISO 8501-1 acc. to EN ISO 12944-4
41 Peak-to-valley height not required X acc. to SSPC-SP acc. to EN ISO 8503-2 X acc. to ASTM D 4417
42 Wet film thickness X not required acc. to UN 9257-01
43 Dry film thickness / gauge X acc. to UN 9257-01 X acc. to SSPC-PA X ELCOMETER X MIKROTEST
44 Degree of hardening X not required acc. to UN 9257-01
45
46 Specimen surfaces
47 Specimen surfaces not required X acc. to UN 9257-01 acc. to EN ISO 12944-7
48 Degree of rusting acc. to EN ISO 4628-3 X acc. to SSPC-VIS 2 X allowable degree of rusting: ≤ 1% (RG 6)
49
50 Remarks
UF 9257-01 E 2013-08
51 to line 9: preparation grades are equivalent

52 to line 24: may be replaced by zinc ethyl silicate 05
53 to lines 28/36: for insulated items the top coat may be omitted (system 1i).
54
55
56
57
Erection
Line Rev.
1 Painting system 2
Application for
5
Type
Blasting abrasives
Field welds
Touch-up
20 Coat build-up
22 Shop Primer (SP)
Copyright reserved

24 1st prime coat (1. PC) 21 inorganic zinc dust 2K ethyl silicate resin X nom. 70 µm
26 1st intermediate coat (1. IC)
28 1st top coat (1. TC) 25 inert acrylic silicone X nom. 25 µm
29 2nd top coat (2. TC) 26 inert acrylic silicone X nom. 25 µm
32 1st prime coat (1. PC) inert 1K ethyl silicate resin X nom. 70 µm
36 1st top coat (1. TC) inert acrylic silicone X nom. 25 µm
37 2nd top coat (2. TC) inert acrylic silicone X nom. 25 µm
45
49
50 Remarks
UF 9257-01 E 2013-08

52 to lines 28/29/36/37: available colours are white, grey and silver only
54
55
56
57
Erection
Line Rev.
1 Painting system 3
Application for
4 Max. operating temperature (TB) > 200 - 450°C
5
Type
Blasting abrasives
Field welds
Touch-up
20 Coat build-up
22 Shop Primer (SP)
Copyright reserved

24 1st prime coat (1. PC) 31 inorganic zinc dust 2K ethyl silicate resin X nom. 70 µm
28 1st top coat (1. TC) 35 aluminum silicone resin X nom. 20 µm
29 2nd top coat (2. TC) 36 aluminum silicone resin X nom. 20 µm
32 1st prime coat (1. PC) inorganic zinc dust 1K ethyl silicate resin X nom. 70 µm
36 1st top coat (1. TC) aluminum silicone resin X nom. 20 µm
37 2nd top coat (2. TC) aluminum silicone resin X nom. 20 µm
45
49
50 Remarks
UF 9257-01 E 2013-08

52 to lines 28/29/36/37: available color is silver only
54
55
56
57
Erection
Line Rev.
1 Painting system 4
Application for
4 Max. operating temperature (TB) > 450 - 600°C
5
Type
Blasting abrasives
16 brush cleaning power tool cleaning X blast cleaning sweep blasting
Field welds
Touch-up
20 Coat build-up
22 Shop Primer (SP)
Copyright reserved

24 1st prime coat (1. PC) 41 aluminum silicone resin X nom. 20 µm
28 1st top coat (1. TC) 45 aluminum silicone resin X nom. 20 µm
32 1st prime coat (1. PC) aluminum silicone resin X nom. 20 µm
36 1st top coat (1. TC) aluminum silicone resin X nom. 20 µm
45
47 Specimen surfaces X not required acc. to UN 9257-01 acc. to EN ISO 12944-7
48 Degree of rusting acc. to EN ISO 4628-3 acc. to SSPC-VIS 2 allowable degree of rusting:
49
50 Remarks
UF 9257-01 E 2013-08

52 to lines 24 thru 36: available color is silver only
53
54
55
56
57
Erection
Line Rev.
1 Painting system 5
2 X carbon steel galvanized steel X austenitic CrNi-steel non-ferrous metal aluminium
Application for
3 X insulated surfaces X reformer panels
4 Max. operating temperature (TB) ≤ 230°C
5
7 X treatment with solvents X type of solvent degreasing agent
Type
8 X sweep blasting blast cleaning X peak-to valley height µm 25 - 40
9 Preparation grade acc. to SSPC acc. to EN ISO 8501-1 EN ISO 12944-4
10 X (almandite) garnet X alu oxide particles X glass granulate glass beads
Blasting abrasives
11 X may be used alternatively X ≤ 0.1% free iron, ≤ 25 ppm chlorides, ≤ 0.2 mg/m³ free crystalline silica
Field welds
Touch-up
20 Coat build-up
22 Shop Primer (SP)
Copyright reserved

24 1st prime coat (1. PC) 51 inert phenolic epoxy X nom. 125 µm
28 1st top coat (1. TC) 55 inert phenolic epoxy X nom. 125 µm
32 1st prime coat (1. PC) inert phenolic epoxy X nom. 125 µm
36 1st top coat (1. TC) inert phenolic epoxy X nom. 125 µm
45
49
50 Remarks
UF 9257-01 E 2013-08
51
52 to lines 6 thru 11: carbon steel requires surface preparation according to system 1
54 to lines 28/36: for insulated items (e.g. NH3 tank) the top coat may be omitted (layer 51). 01
55 Note! In case that the tank areas to be prepared and coated are too large for one coating interval a sealer shall
56 possibly be used for the partial areas according to paint manufacturer's instructions
57 to lines 28/36: top coat preferably in light grey, if light grey is not possible in grey 04
Erection
Line Rev.
1 Painting system 6
Application for
3 X non-insulated steel structures (jetty) X offshore area (jetty)
5
Type
Blasting abrasives
Field welds
Touch-up
20 Coat build-up
22 Shop Primer (SP)
Copyright reserved

24 1st prime coat (1. PC) 61 inert polyamide cured epoxy X nom. 120 µm Hempadur Mastic
25 2nd prime coat (2. PC) 62 inert polyamide cured epoxy X nom. 120 µm Hempadur Mastic
26 1st intermediate coat (1. IC) 45880/ W
28 1st top coat (1. TC) 65 inert aliphatic polyurethane X nom. 80 µm Hempathane
29 2nd top coat (2. TC) HS 55610
32 1st prime coat (1. PC) inert polyamide cured epoxy X nom. 120 µm Hempadur Mastic
33 2nd prime coat (2. PC) inert polyamide cured epoxy X nom. 120 µm Hempadur Mastic
34 1st intermediate coat (1. IC) 45880/ W
36 1st top coat (1. TC) inert aliphatic polyurethane X nom. 80 µm Hempathane
37 2nd top coat (2. TC) HS 55610
38 Manufacturers of coating materials Carboline, Hempel, International, Jotun, PPG (Amercoat, Sigma) or other approved
45
49
50 Remarks
UF 9257-01 E 2013-08

52 to lines 24 thru 28: paint system may be substituted by another 3-layer system of manufacturers acc. to line 38 which is
53 certified for high durability in the C5-M category according to ISO 12944-5
54
55
56
57
Erection
Line Rev.
1 Painting system 7
2 X carbon steel X galvanized steel X austenitic CrNi-steel non-ferrous metal aluminium
Application for
3 X non-insulated surfaces X for color coding only
5 ≤ 150°C (intermittent service)
7 X treatment with solvents X type of solvent degreasing agent
Type
8 X sweep blasting blast cleaning X peak-to valley height µm 25 - 40
9 Preparation grade acc. to SSPC acc. to EN ISO 8501-1 EN ISO 12944-4
10 X (almandite) garnet X alu oxide particles X glass granulate glass beads
Blasting abrasives
11 X may be used alternatively X ≤ 0.1% free iron, ≤ 25 ppm chlorides, ≤ 0.2 mg/m³ free crystalline silica
Field welds
Touch-up
20 Coat build-up
22 Shop Primer (SP)
Copyright reserved

24 1st prime coat (1. PC) 71 inert polyamide cured epoxy X nom. 80 µm
28 1st top coat (1. TC) 75 inert aliphatic polyurethane X nom. 50 µm
32 1st prime coat (1. PC)
36 1st top coat (1. TC)
45
49
50 Remarks
UF 9257-01 E 2013-08
51 to lines 6 thru 11: carbon steel requires surface preparation according to system 1
52 to lines 3, 32 & 36: system should open the feasibility of additional color coding at site, is not for touch-up reasons
53
54
55
56
57
Erection
Line Rev.
1 Painting system 9
Application for
3 X reformer header system X temperature indicating paint
4 Max. operating temperature (TB) ~ 260°C
5
Type
9 Preparation grade X SP 5 acc. to SSPC X Sa 3 acc. to X EN ISO 8501-1 X EN ISO 12944-4
Blasting abrasives
14 Fasteners steel surfaces treatment with
15 preparation grade acc. to SSPC acc. to EN ISO 8501-1 acc. to EN ISO 12944-4
Field welds
Touch-up
20 Coat build-up
22 Shop Primer (SP)
Copyright reserved

24 1st prime coat (1. PC) 91 inorganic zinc dust silcone resin X nom. 35 µm Briosil Primer 04
25 2nd prime coat (2. PC) 92 inorganic zinc dust silcone resin X nom. 35 µm 6/7360P 04
28 1st top coat (1. TC) 95 inert silcone resin X nom. 25 µm Therm-O-Signal 04
29 2nd top coat (2. TC) 96 inert silcone resin X nom. 25 µm 7-H-44 04
32 1st prime coat (1. PC) inorganic zinc dust silcone resin X nom. 35 µm Briosil Primer 04
33 2nd prime coat (2. PC) inorganic zinc dust silcone resin X nom. 35 µm 6/7360P 04
36 1st top coat (1. TC) inert silcone resin X nom. 25 µm Therm-O-Signal 04
37 2nd top coat (2. TC) inert silcone resin X nom. 25 µm 7-H-44 04
38 Manufacturers of coating materials Korthals X or other approved
45
47 Specimen surfaces X not required acc. to UN 9257-01 acc. to EN ISO 12944-7
48 Degree of rusting acc. to EN ISO 4628-3 acc. to SSPC-VIS 2 allowable degree of rusting:
49
50 Remarks
UF 9257-01 E 2013-08

52 04
53 04
54
55
56
57
Erection
Line Rev.
1 Painting system C
Application for
3 X internal tank coating X for water tanks
4 Max. operating temperature (TB) °C ≤ 70
5
Type
10 Blasting abrasives X cast-steel grit X chilled-iron grit X mineral slag X olivine sand 01
11 X may be used alternatively X ≤ 0,5% free crystalline silica
14 Fasteners steel surfaces treatment with
15 preparation grade acc. to SSPC acc. to EN ISO 8501-1 acc. to EN ISO 12944-4
Field welds
Touch-up
20 Coat build-up
21 Layer No. Pigment Adhesive Dry film thickness Product designation
22 Shop Primer (SP)
Copyright reserved

24 1st prime coat (1. PC) C1 inert amine cured epoxy resin X nom. 40 µm
28 1st top coat (1. TC) C5 inert phenolic epoxy resin X nom. 150 µm
29 2nd top coat (2. TC) C6 inert phenolic epoxy resin X nom. 150 µm
30 Total dry film thickness 340
31 Touch-up layer No. Pigment Adhesive Dry film thickness Product designation
32 1st prime coat (1. PC) inert phenolic epoxy resin X nom. 150 µm
36 1st top coat (1. TC) inert phenolic epoxy resin X nom. 150 µm
41 Peak-to-valley height not required X acc. to SSPC-SP acc. to EN ISO 8503-2 X acc. to ASTM D4417
45
49
50 Remarks
UF 9257-01 E 2012-06
51 to line 9: preparation grades are corresponding

52 to line 24: in case of areas which can completely be prepared and overcoated in one workshift PC layer may be omitted
53
54
55
56
57
Erection
Application of painting systems on carbon steel & galvanised steel Rev. 05 Page 15 of 18
Line Rev.
1 Application schedule
2 Location of application (W, P, S) Color
System TB
3 Item to be coated for coding
No.
4 in °C SP PR 1.PC 2.PC 1.IC 2.IC 1.TC 2.TC TU UN CN
5 Carbon steel
6 Steel structures (buildings) 1 ≤ 120 W W W W S 03
7 Steel structures (pipe racks) 1 ≤ 120 W W W W S 03
8 Stairs, platforms, ladders 1 ≤ 120 W W W W S 03
9 Supporting structures for pipes / equipment 1 ≤ 120 W W W W S 03
10 Pipes / fittings, non-insulated 1 ≤ 120 P P P P S 03
11 Pipes / fittings, non-insulated 2 > 120- 200 P P P P S 01
12 Pipes / fittings, non-insulated 3 > 200- 450 P P P P S 01
13 Pipes / fittings, non-insulated 4 > 450- 600 P P P S 01
14 Pipes / fittings, insulated 1(i) ≤ 120 P P P S 01
15 Pipes / fittings, insulated 2(i) > 120- 200 P P P S 01
16 Pipes / fittings, insulated 3(i) > 200- 450 P P P S 01
17 Pipes / fittings, insulated 4 > 450- 600 P P P S 01
18 Pipes for steam tracing, insulated without coating
19 Valves / in-line components, welded coating like for CS pipes / fittings, insulated / non-insulated
20 Valves / in-line components, flanged coating acc. to manufacturer´s standard
21 Equipment / vessels, non-insulated 1 ≤ 120 W W W W S 03
22 Equipment / vessels, non-insulated 2 > 120- 200 W W W W S
23 Equipment / vessels, non-insulated 3 > 200- 450 W W W W S
24 Equipment / vessels, non-insulated 4 > 450- 600 W W W S
25 Equipment / vessels, insulated 5 ≤ 120 W W W S
26 Equipment / vessels, insulated 5 > 120- 200 W W W S
27 Equipment / vessels, insulated 3(i) > 200- 450 W W W S
28 Equipment / vessels, insulated 4 > 450- 600 W W W S
29 Ducts (air, gas), exterior coating like for CS equipment / vessels, insulated/ non-insulated
30 Ducts (air), interior 5 ≤ 230 P P P S
31 Ducts (air), interior 31 > 230- 400 P P S
32 Ducts (gas), interior coating acc. to technical duct design sheet
33 Reformer walls 5 ≤ 230 W W W S
34 Reformer header 9 ~ 260 W W S
35 Tanks exterior, site welded, non-insulated 1 ≤ 120 S S S S 03
36 Tanks exterior, site welded, insulated 5 ≤ 120 S S S
37 NH3 tank exterior, site welded, insulated 51 ≤ 120 S S
38 Water tanks interior, site welded C ≤ 70 S S S
39 Jetty 6 ≤ 120 W W W W S
41 For machined surfaces, specially mating surfaces of flanges, a temporary shop primer shall be used which can easily be removed without 01
42 residues by means of steam blasting on site or washing with a detergent or degreaser, example: 50 µm of Tectyl 506 or 846 or equivalent 01
42 Galvanized steel
43 Steel structures (buildings) without coating
44 Steel structures (pipe racks) without coating
Copyright reserved
45 Cable racks without coating

46 Stairs, platforms, ladders without coating
47 Supporting structures for pipes / equipment without coating
48 Gratings without coating
49
50 Remarks
UF 9257-03 E 2016-07
51 Note! System numbers with the trailed letter refer to a part system, e.g. (i) for under insulation.
52 Note! Color coding is only valid for surfaces of operating temperatures up to 120°C / 250°F.
53 Abbreviated terms
54 CN = Client's standard PR = surface preparation TC = top coat
55 IC = intermediate coat S = on site TU = touch-up on site
56 P = at place of prefabrication SP = shop primer UN = Uhde standard
57 PC = prime coat TB = max. operating temperature W = in workshop
Erection
Application of painting systems on stainless steels
& miscellaneous Rev. 05 Page 16 of 18
Line Rev.
1 Application schedule
2 Location of application (W, P, S) Color
System TB
3 Item to be coated for coding
No.
4 in °C SP PR 1.PC 2.PC 1.IC 2.IC 1.TC 2.TC TU UN CN
5 Austenitic Stainless Steel
6 01
7 01
8 01
9 Pipes / fittings / flanges, non-insulated without coating 01
10 01
11 Pipes / fittings / flanges, insulated < 50 without coating 01
12 Pipes / fittings / flanges, insulated 5 50- 150 P P P S 01
13 Pipes / fittings / flanges, insulated > 150 without coating 01
14 Pipes for steam tracing, insulated without coating
15 Valves / in-line components, welded coating like for SS pipes / fittings / flanges, insulated / non-insulated
16 Valves / in-line components, flanged coating acc. to manufacturer´s standard
17 01
18 Equipment / vessels, non-insulated without coating 01
19 01
20 Equipment / vessels, insulated < 50 without coating 01
21 Equipment / vessels, insulated 5 50- 150 W W W S
22 Equipment / vessels, insulated > 150 without coating 01
23
24 Ducts (air, gas), exterior coating like for SS equipment / vessels, insulated/ non-insulated
25 Ducts (air), interior without coating
26 Ducts (gas), interior coating acc. to technical duct design sheet
27 Tanks exterior, site welded, non-insulated without coating
28 Tanks exterior, site welded, insulated < 50 without coating
29 Tanks exterior, site welded, insulated 5 50- 150 S S S
30 Tanks exterior, site welded, insulated > 150 without coating
31
32 Duplex Stainless Steels without coating
33 Aluminium without coating
34
35 Miscellaneous
36 Manufacturer's standard is acceptable provided it is a complete painting system acc. to SSPC Vol.2
37 and suitable for the chemical atmospheric exposure at site (SSPC environmental zones 3B or 3D).
38 Pumps coating acc. to manufacturer´s standard
39 Machinery coating acc. to manufacturer´s standard
40 Motors coating acc. to manufacturer´s standard
41 Package Units coating acc. to manufacturer´s standard
42 (may have the color of the primary machine and/or the color of the main piping)
43 Cranes / lifting gear coating acc. to manufacturer´s standard
44 Crawl beams coating acc. to manufacturer´s standard
Copyright reserved
45 Conveying equipment coating acc. to manufacturer´s standard

46 Boards / cubicles coating acc. to manufacturer´s standard
47 Electrical Equipment, e. g. transformers, rectifiers, panels coating acc. to manufacturer´s standard
48 Handwheels, levers, etc. coating acc. to manufacturer´s standard
49 Standard components coating acc. to manufacturer´s standard
50 Remarks
UF 9257-03 E 2016-07
51 01
52 Note! Color coding is only valid for surfaces of operating temperatures up to 120°C / 250°F.
53 Abbreviated terms
54 CN = Client's standard PR = surface preparation TC = top coat
55 IC = intermediate coat S = on site TU = touch-up on site
56 P = at place of prefabrication SP = shop primer UN = Uhde standard
57 PC = prime coat TB = max. operating temperature W = in workshop
Erection
Corrosion Protection
Colour coding
for steel structures, equipment and piping Rev. 05 Page 17 of 18
Line Rev.
1 Colour coding
2 Colour samples Munsell Book of Color BS 381C X RAL manufacturer's special colour charts alternatively
3 Colour coding acc. to UN 9257-02 acc. to Client's / Owner's Standard
4 Steel structures
5 Equipment designation Colour tone Colour No. Equipment designation Colour tone Colour No.
6 Buildings Squirrel grey 7000 Railing including handrails Rape yellow 1021 03
7 Pipe racks Squirrel grey 7000 Kick plates Rape yellow 1021 03
8 Equipment structures Squirrel grey 7000 Safety cages Rape yellow 1021 03
9 Stair treads, walkways Signal black 9004 Ladder rungs Rape yellow 1021 03
10 Vessels and similar equipment
12 Equipment in general Pebble grey 7032 First aid equipment Leaf green 6002 03
13 Vessels, separators, filters Pebble grey 7032 Safety equipment Flame red 3000 03
14 Water tanks Grey white 9002 Fire equipment & services Flame red 3000 03
15 Terminal tanks Grey white 9002 Obstructions & warning barriersYellow-black striped 9005 / 1021
16 Machinery
18 Pumps manufacturer's standard Lifting gear, davits Rape yellow 1021
19 Compressors, blowers manufacturer's standard Monorails, lifting beams Rape yellow 1021
20 Motors manufacturer's standard Dangerous/ exposed parts Bright red orange 2008
21 Cranes, pedestals Rape yellow 1021 Package Units see remarks 03
22 Ship loader Light blue 5012
Copyright reserved
23 Piping
25 Indoor piping, non-insulated Pebble grey 7032 Hand wheels, operating levers Jet black 9005 03
26 Outdoor piping, non-insulated Pebble grey 7032 03
27 Firewater pipework Flame red 3000
28 Instrument air piping Pebble grey 7032 Safety relief valves manufacturer's standard 03
29 Components directly Valve bodies, level gauges, 03
Pebble grey 7032 manufacturer's standard
30 connected to piping strainers
31 Instrumentation and electrical equipment
33 Switchgears Light grey 7035 Brackets Pebble grey 7032 03
34 Switchboards Light grey 7035 Supports Pebble grey 7032 03
35 Control desks Light grey 7035 Generators manufacturer's standard
36 Control panels Light grey 7035 Transformers manufacturer's standard
37 Control cabinets Light grey 7035 Rectifiers manufacturer's standard
38 Distribution boards Light grey 7035 Conduits Light grey 7035
39 Junction boxes Light grey 7035 Capacitor batteries Light grey 7035
40 Protective boxes Light grey 7035 Lighting accessories
manufacturer's standard
41 Cable supports Light grey 7035 (e.g. posts)
42 Lettering and Symbols on coloured substrates
43 Colour codes of lettering Colour codes of lettering
Colour codes of substrates Colour codes of substrates
44 and symbols and symbols
45 Colour tone Colour No. Colour tone Colour No. Colour tone Colour No. Colour tone Colour No.
46 Rape yellow 1021 Signal black 9004 Light grey 7035 Signal black 9004
47 Bright red orange 2008 Signal black 9004 Grey white 9002 Signal black 9004
48 Flame red 3000 Signal white 9003
49 Light blue 5012 Signal white 9003
50 Leaf green 6002 Signal white 9003
UF 9257-04 E 2013-08
51 Squirrel grey 7000 Signal black 9004

52 Pebble grey 7032 Signal black 9004
53 Remarks
54 to line 20: package units may have the colour of the primary machine or the colour of the main piping
55 to lines 31 thru 40: instrumentation & electrical eqmt. items off the shelf may also be painted acc. to manufacturer's standard
56 The color coding for the plant items above has partly been specified by tkIS due to sparse information. It needs to be
57 rechecked by the Client in due time before order placement.
Erection
Marking and safety marking
for equipment and piping Rev. 05 Page 18 of 18
Line Rev.
1 Marking by lettering, symbols, and colour bands

2 Lettering
3 X for equipment X for piping
4 X acc. to UN 9257-02 acc. to Engineering Spec. not required acc. to client's standard
5 X as coating according to painting system 7 X as self-adhesive foils X alternatively
6 Language german X english other language
7 X roman characters gothic letters
Type of lettering
8 X letter size acc. to UN 9257-02 letter size according to Engineering Specification
9 Colour tone of lettering on painting or foil according to table at preceding page, lines 45 through 51
10 Symbols
11 X flow direction arrows acc. to UN 9257-02 according to Engineering Specification acc. to client's standard
13 Colour tone of symbols on painting or foil according to table at preceding page, lines 45 through 51
14 Colour bands
15 X acc. to UN 9257-02 acc. to Engineering Spec. not required acc. to client's standard
17 Colour tone of colour bands on painting or foil according to table at this page below, lines 38 through 49
18 Marking by plates
19 Type of plates
20 acc. to DIN 2403 acc. to Engineering Spec. plug-in plates X acc. to client's standard
21 acc. to manufacturer's standard manufacturer
22 Material
Copyright reserved
23 enameled steel X laminated plastics PVC PP

24 Carrier
25 X stainless steel galvanized steel plastic sections plastic straps
26 Letter size
27 X acc. to UN 9257-02 acc. to Engineering Spec. acc. to manufacturer's standard acc. to client's standard
28 Colour of plates and letters
29 X plates acc. to RAL 9003 Signal white acc. to manufacturer's standard acc. to client's standard
30 X letters acc. to RAL 9004 Signal black acc. to manufacturer's standard acc. to client's standard
31 Safety marking
32 Equipment and piping
33 acc. to ANSI Z535.1 acc. to DIN 2403 X acc. to below list not required acc. to client's standard 03
34 Allocation of Colours and Fluids Auxiliary colour of additional Colour of symbols and
Fluid Service
35 Basic colour of bands to bands to mark destinctive letters on basic colour

36 Fluid mark identity of fluids features bands
37 Colour tone Colour No. Colour tone Colour No. Colour tone Colour No.
38 1 Sea water / industrial water Signal green 6032 Signal green 6032 Signal white 9003
39 1 Fresh water / potable water Signal green 6032 Signal black 9004 Signal white 9003
40 2 Fire-fighting system Flame red 3000 Carmine red 3002 Signal white 9003
41 3 Steam Signal red 3001 Signal white 9003
42 4 Air Signal blue 5005 Signal blue 5005 Signal white 9003
43 5 Combustible gases Signal yellow 1003 Signal red 3001 Signal black 9004
44 5 Non-combustible gases Signal yellow 1003 Signal black 9004 Signal black 9004
45 6 Refrigerant Signal orange 2010 Signal grey 7004 Signal black 9004
46 7 Inhibitors / Chemicals Signal grey 7004 Signal brown 8002 Signal black 9004
47 8 Products Silver grey 7001 Silver grey 7001 Signal black 9004
48 9 Combustible fluids Signal brown 8002 Signal red 3001 Signal white 9003
49 9 Non-combustible fluids Signal brown 8002 Signal black 9004 Signal white 9003
50
UF 9257-05 E 2013-08
51 Remarks
52 03
53
54
55
56
57
KRUPP UHDE STANDARD May 2001
Erection
UN
PROTECTIVE COATING AGAINST CORROSION 9257-01
Part 1
Montage; Korrosionsschutz durch Beschichtungen Supersedes UR 9257-01 Part 1, 92-05
Contents
Page
1 Scope .................................................................................................................................................................... 1
2 Technical documents .......................................................................................................................................... 1
3 General requirements.......................................................................................................................................... 1
4 Surface preparation ............................................................................................................................................. 2
4.1 Unalloyed and low-alloy steel ................................................................................................................................ 2
4.2 Galvanized steel .................................................................................................................................................... 3
4.3 Austenitic CrNi steel............................................................................................................................................... 3
4.4 Aluminum ............................................................................................................................................................... 3
4.5 Other non-ferrous metals ....................................................................................................................................... 4
5 Application of the coating materials .................................................................................................................. 4
5.1 General requirements ............................................................................................................................................ 4
5.2 Prime coat.............................................................................................................................................................. 5
5.3 Subsequent layers ................................................................................................................................................. 5
6 Checking the coating work ................................................................................................................................. 6
6.1 Surface preparation ............................................................................................................................................... 6
6.2 Visual check of the coating .................................................................................................................................... 6
6.3 Wet film thickness .................................................................................................................................................. 6
6.4 Dry film thickness................................................................................................................................................... 6
6.5 Degree of hardening .............................................................................................................................................. 7
6.6 Mechanical testing (chip testing / cross cut test).................................................................................................... 7
6.7 Color of the top coat............................................................................................................................................... 7
7 Specimen surfaces .............................................................................................................................................. 7
Reference standards ........................................................................................................................................................... 8
1 Scope
This standard applies to the corrosion protection of steel structures, equipment, vessels, machinery and pipe-
lines laid above ground. It contains general requirements for surface preparation and application of coating
materials. This standard will be supplemented by specific instructions, as necessary.
Deviations from this standard shall be agreed upon in writing between the Orderer and the Contractor.
2 Technical documents
The extent of work to be performed is indicated in the technical specifications “Application of painting systems”,
Part 1 for equipment and Part 2 for piping (UF 9257-02). Data regarding the surface preparation and coating
materials are compiled in the technical specification “Painting System“ (UF 9257-01).
The maximum allowable working temperatures for equipment, vessels, pipelines, etc. are indicated in the
equipment or piping specification.
For the treatment of the coating materials (mixing, diluting, application), the manufacturer's instructions shall
be observed.
3 General requirements
For the storage of coating materials and solvents, UN 9250-01 Part 1 “Warehousing“ shall apply. Moreover,
the manufacturer's instructions for transport and storage as well as the applicable local rules for the storage of
inflammable liquids (e.g. thinners) shall be observed.
Continued on pages 2 to 8
Date Prepared Date Checked Date Approved
30.05.2001 Kuhnke 30.05.2001 Krämer 18.06.2001 H.D. Müller

© 2001 Krupp Uhde GmbH Technical discipline: Erection
Page 2
UN 9257-01 Part 1 : 2001-05
The Contractor shall supply coating materials and solvents to the site only in hermetically sealed and undam-
aged containers. The containers shall bear the manufacturer's label. When handling coating materials and
solvents, the specified measures for the prevention of fire and sudden deflagration, the statutory safety regu-
lations, and the manufacturer's instructions shall be observed. Heat, open fire and sparks shall be avoided at
all events in the immediate surrounding of the working place.
Solvents used shall not be detrimental to health. When solvents are used, adequate ventilation shall be en-
sured. Only non-sparking tools shall be used in the vicinity of inflammable liquids or vapors.
The surfaces to be coated shall meet the requirements specified in this standard. The Contractor shall inform
the site management of any preparatory work carried out improperly or omitted by other contractors. The per-
sonnel performing the coating work shall not walk or stand on insulated equipment, small diameter pipes,
cable racks and the like.
The handwheels of valves, machinery, etc. shall not be actuated. If a handwheel has been actuated uninten-
tionally, the site management shall be informed immediately.
The Contractor shall adequately secure his working area (e.g. by cordoning off) and shall mark freshly coated
equipment (e.g. by warning signs).
For coating work to be performed during plant operation, the written approval by the site management shall be
obtained prior to commencement.
The surfaces to be coated shall be free from contamination (e.g. welding slag, welding spatter, dust, oil,
grease, salt, mill scale, laitance, rust, old coatings). Surface defects (e.g. cracks, lamination, burrs, pitting)
shall be removed by suitable methods. Sharp edges (e.g. saw cuts, oxygen cutting) shall be adequately
rounded by grinding.
Prior to any further surface preparation, oil, grease, drilling emulsions, cutting emulsions and preservation
agents shall be carefully removed by high pressure washing with mild alkaline water detergents. The cleaned
surfaces shall be washed off with drinking water.
After surface preparation, matching surfaces of high-strength bolt connections shall be adequately protected
until bolting.
Further surface preparation may be carried out using different methods depending on the material of the
equipment.
4.1 Unalloyed and low-alloy steel

The surfaces shall be cleaned by blasting. Unless prohibited under local rules, blasting materials such as steel
shot, steel grit, sand of high hardness (e.g. corundum, quartz, olivine) or slag may be used. For blasting, dry
oil-free compressed air shall be used. The mean peak-to-valley height of the blasted surface should be 40 to
60 µm.
Table 1. Attainable peak-to-valley heights
Blasting material Grain size in mm Max. peak-to-valley height in µm

1)
Mineral material (e.g. sand, slag) 0.4 - 1.2 40 - 60
1)
Metallic material 0.2 - 1.0 40 - 60
2)
Coarse sand 1.40 70
2)
Steel shot (spherical grain) 1.20 90
2)
Steel grit (edged grain) 1.40 200
1) Continuous grading 2) Single grain size
If the mean peak-to-valley height exceeds the specified dry film thickness of the prime coat, the Contractor
shall inform the site management. The Contractor shall not commence with the application of the coating ma-
terials until the Orderer has decided on an adequate increase of the film thickness.
Page 3
UN 9257-01 Part 1 : 2001-05
Unless otherwise indicated in the technical specification “Painting System“ (UF 9257-01), steel surfaces hav-
ing a max. allowable working temperature of ≤ 200°C shall be blasted according to preparation grade Sa 2½.
In the case of a max. allowable working temperature of > 200°C, and in the case of surfaces which come into
permanent contact with water (e.g. underwater coating), blasting according to preparation grade Sa 3 is re-
quired.
Table 2. Preparation grades

Standard designations according to
Preparation grade
EN, DIN, ISO, SIS SSPC
Thorough wire-brushing or power tool grinding St 3 SP 3
Light blast cleaning Sa 1 SP 7
Thorough blast cleaning Sa 2 SP 6
Very thorough blast cleaning Sa 2½ SP 10
Blast cleaning to pure metal Sa 3 SP 5
SIS =Sveriges Standardiseringskommission, Sweden
SSPC = Steel Structure Painting Council, USA
Only if approved by the site management, cleaning according to preparation grade St 3 is allowed for field
welds, connecting elements (e.g. bolts, nuts, washers) and for touching up small areas with a max. allowable
working temperature of < 150°C. Chemical derusting is not permitted.
Surfaces grinded to a large extent shall also be cleaned according to the preparation grade specified for the
material concerned. If zinc dust prime coats are used, additional blasting is required to guarantee a sufficient
roughness of the surfaces.
Blasting materials shall be stored in a dry place and carefully covered. Blasting work shall be performed with-
out impeding the activities of other contractors. After blasting, the blasting material shall be properly removed
from the cleaned surface (e.g. by vacuum cleaner, compressed air, brush). After the work has been finished,
the working area shall be cleaned and the blasting material removed.
Blasting work within a plant shall be performed by suitable methods (e.g. Vacublast), using blasting material
with a low dust content, shielding, and vacuum devices, to avoid spreading of dust as much as possible.
Prior to blasting, the surfaces that are not to be coated (e.g. markings, designation plates, flange faces, sight
glasses) shall be appropriately protected.
Whenever the development of dust and contamination have to be avoided, the wet blasting method may be
applied with the approval of the site management. Inhibitors shall be added to the mixture of drinking water
and blasting material to delay rusting. The wet blasting method shall not be applied to surfaces which later
come into permanent contact with water.
At ambient temperatures of ≤ 5°C or at relative air humidity of > 80%, blasting may only be performed if ap-
propriate protective measures (e.g. tent) are taken.
4.2 Galvanized steel

Galvanized surfaces shall be degreased preferably by high-pressure washing with suitable water detergents
followed by rinsing with drinking water in order to remove preservation agents, zinc salts and fluxing agent
residues.
Surfaces with a mean peak-to-valley height ≤ 10 µm or heavily contaminated surfaces shall be roughened or
cleaned by sweep blasting, whichever applies. Zinc salts shall be removed before.
Preservation agents applied after galvanization shall be completely removed by using suitable procedures.
4.3 Austenitic CrNi steel

The surfaces shall be degreased or preservation agents shall be removed. In case of surfaces with a mean
peak-to-valley height of ≤ 10 µm, the site management will decide whether roughening by sweep blasting with
a non-metallic blasting material is necessary.
4.4 Aluminum
The surfaces shall be degreased or preservation agents shall be removed. Salts shall be removed by light
grinding.
Page 4
UN 9257-01 Part 1 : 2001-05
4.5 Other non-ferrous metals

The surfaces shall be degreased or preservation agents shall be removed. Salts shall be removed by slight
brushing and rinsing with drinking water. The cleaned surfaces should be roughened by light grinding or
sweep blasting with a non-metallic blasting material. Sweep blasting shall only be performed with the approval
of the site management.
5 Application of the coating materials

5.1 General requirements
Surfaces to be coated shall be dry and free from contamination. To prevent condensation, the surface tem-
perature shall be at least 3°C above the dew point of the ambient air during coating. A sling psychrometer
shall be used to measure the relative air humidity.
To avoid defects of the coating (e.g. blisters, pores, inclusion of thinner, boiling of thinner) and changes of the
intervals between coats, the surface temperature should be in the range recommended by the paint manu-
facturer during coating, hardening, and curing of the coating materials.
Unless otherwise specified by the manufacturer, coating materials may be applied at an ambient temperature
of ≥ 4°C and a relative air humidity of 50 to 90%. Coating materials may be applied at temperatures of < 4°C
or > 30°C with the written approval of the manufacturer only. For certain coating materials (e.g. ethyl zinc sili-
cate), the required time for hardening, which depends on the air humidity, shall be observed. Two-component
coating materials shall be properly mixed with motor driven mixers.
Table 3. Dew points

1)
Relative Dew points of the ambient air in °C
air humidity Temperature of the ambient air in °C
in % 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0
100 50.0 45.0 40.0 35.0 30.0 25.0 20.0 15.0 10.0 5.0 0.0
95 49.0 44.0 39.0 34.0 29.0 24.0 19.0 14.0 9.0 4.5 -0.5
90 48.0 43.0 38.0 33.0 28.0 23.0 18.5 13.5 8.5 4.0 -1.0
85 47.0 42.0 37.0 32.0 27.0 22.5 17.5 12.5 7.5 3.0 -2.0
80 45.5 40.5 36.0 31.0 26.0 21.5 16.5 11.5 6.5 2.0 -2.5
75 44.5 39.5 34.5 30.0 25.0 20.5 15.5 10.5 6.0 1.0 -3.5
70 43.0 38.5 33.5 28.5 24.0 19.0 14.5 9.5 5.0 0.0 -4.0
65 41.5 37.0 32.0 27.5 22.5 18.0 13.0 8.5 4.0 -1.0 -5.0
60 40.0 35.5 30.5 26.5 21.5 16.5 12.0 7.5 2.5 -2.0 -6.0
55 38.5 34.0 29.0 24.5 20.0 15.5 11.5 6.0 1.5 -3.0 -7.0
50 36.5 32.0 27.5 23.0 18.5 14.0 9.5 4.5 0.0 -4.0 -8.0
45 34.5 30.5 25.5 21.0 17.0 12.0 7.5 3.0 -1.0 -5.0 -9.0
40 32.5 28.5 24.0 19.5 15.0 10.5 6.0 1.5 -2.5 -6.5
35 30.0 26.0 21.5 17.5 13.0 8.5 4.0 -0.5 -4.0
30 28.0 23.5 19.0 15.0 10.5 6.0 2.0 -2.0 -6.0
25 24.5 20.5 16.0 12.0 8.0 3.5 0.0
20 21.0 17.0 13.0 8.5 4.5 1.5
15 16.5 12.5 8.5 4.5 0.5
10 10.0 6.5 2.5 -1.0
1) Figures rounded to 0.5°C
Coating work shall be interrupted when corrosive gases or dust are encountered or in the case of fog, strong
wind, rain or snow. Before recommencing the work, the coating already applied shall be checked for damage.
Damaged surfaces shall be repaired.
Vessels and pipelines should not be coated prior to the pressure test. However, if by order of the site man-
agement coating is started prior to the pressure test, the welds and an area of approx. 50 mm width on both
sides of the welds shall not be coated until pressure testing is finished.
Page 5
UN 9257-01 Part 1 : 2001-05
The coating materials shall be applied with a uniform thickness. Corners, edges, bolt heads, etc., which are
difficult to reach shall be pre-coated with small brushes. Thinners shall only be used if this is specified or rec-
ommended by the manufacturer of the coating material. Thinners shall not be admixed in excess of the speci-
fied or recommended amount.
Suitable equipment shall be used for spray application. Compressed air spraying units may only be employed
with the approval of the site management. The spraying nozzles used shall be in accordance with the recom-
mendations of the paint manufacturer and employed in such a way as to attain the required surface quality of
the coating. Prime coats must not be applied by rollers. For the application of zinc silicate prime coats,
brushes shall not be used.
Certain coating material may be applied with a brush up to a dry film thickness of 70 µm. Moreover, brushes
should be used if spraying would cause considerable losses (spraying mist). In the case of coating materials
based on physical drying (e.g. chlorinated rubber), brushes should not be used because the film which is al-
ready dry might partly dissolve when the next (wet) layer is applied.
Equipment surfaces which are not readily accessible or totally inaccessible after erection shall be finally
coated prior to erection. Items to be embedded in concrete shall be provided with the prime coat.
Movable components of machinery, name and boiler plates, stems of valves, sight glasses, and other items
not to be coated shall be carefully covered. Coatings applied by mistake shall be removed.
Matching surfaces of high-strength bolt connections shall not be coated, unless a suitable prime coat is speci-
fied. The external surfaces of the joints shall not be released for coating until the bolts have been tightened
and checked.
5.2 Prime coat

For steel structures, a shop primer may be used with the approval of the Orderer. The shop primer shall have
adequate properties relating to drying, weldability and application of further coats. In case of doubt, suitability
tests shall be performed.
Surfaces cleaned according to preparation grade Sa 2 or Sa 2½ shall be coated within 4 hours, surfaces
cleaned according to preparation grade Sa 3 within one hour. Cleaned surfaces on which a rust film has
formed shall be re-blasted by the specified method.
Surfaces cleaned according to preparation grade St 3 shall be coated immediately. The prime coats shall be
applied with a brush.
5.3 Subsequent layers

The interval between shop coating and site coating as well as the time required for hardening or curing speci-
fied by the manufacturer of the coating material shall be observed.
Equipment supplied with a prime coat shall be checked for damage and contamination of the coating on site.
Damaged areas shall be repaired according to the technical specification “Painting System“ (UF 9257-01). The
adjacent undamaged area shall be roughened by approx. 30 mm to ensure proper adhesion of the repair
coating. Small areas may be cleaned according to preparation grade St 3. In this case, the surface shall not
be polished. Large areas shall be cleaned by blasting.
Prior to the application of further layers, the undamaged surfaces shall be cleaned (e.g. by blasting with dry
oil-free compressed air). Oil and grease shall be removed with suitable solvents. Drinking water shall be used
for rinsing.
In the case of zinc silicate coatings, the zinc salts shall be removed by proper brushing and washing with
drinking water. Large zinc salt deposits shall be removed by additional sweep blasting.
In the case of equipment and structures with galvanized components, the coating shall not be applied until the
surface preparation of the galvanized components has been completed.
The shades of colors of successive layers should be distinguishable to facilitate easy checking.
Page 6
UN 9257-01 Part 1 : 2001-05
6 Checking the coating work

The surface preparation and coating work shall be regularly checked. Tests and measurements shall be per-
formed prior to the final acceptance of the coating work. An acceptance certificate covering checks, tests and
measurements performed shall be prepared.
The equipment manufacturer shall be responsible for checking the coating work regularly in the workshop if
painting is included in his scope of supplies. The manufacturer of the coating material and the Contractor for
site coating may perform additional checks in the workshop to satisfy themselves about the proper perform-
ance of surface preparation and coating work.
The Contractor shall be responsible for checking the coating work regularly on site. Prior to starting his work,
he shall satisfy himself about the proper condition of the coatings applied by the manufacturers of the equip-
ment. The site management shall be notified in writing in due time of any defects detected (e.g. inadequate
film thickness, damage).
At the request of the site management, the Contractor shall apply inscriptions with the following data to the
equipment coated by him:
• number of the painting system,
• month and year of the performance of work,
• type of surface preparation,
• name of the Contractor's firm.
This inscription shall be applied with weather-proof paint for every 5000 m² of coated surface at a clearly visi-
ble location.
6.1 Surface preparation

For the assessment of the preparation grade and the peak-to-valley height EN ISO 12944-4 is decisive. The
surfaces shall be visually checked for any mill scale remnants. The cleanliness of blast-cleaned surfaces may
also be checked with an adhesive tape that picks up dust or dirt particles which are clearly visible. Soluble iron
salts should be identified according to BS 5493 whenever this might have a detrimental effect on the painting
system concerned.
6.2 Visual check of the coating

Prior to any other test, the coating shall be subjected to a visual check. The visual check should be limited to coat-
ing defects (e.g. spray drizzle, areas left uncoated, inclusions of dirt, blisters, porosity, sags, tears, brush marks).
Areas in which the blasting material has remained under the coating shall be blasted again and recoated.
Defects of the coating shall be repaired by the Contractor without delay at the instruction of the Orderer.
6.3 Wet film thickness

The wet film thickness shall be measured on a random basis with a comb-type gauge immediately after ap-
plying the coating material. Comb-type gauges shall be selected in relation to the wet film thickness. The
comb-type gauge shall be firmly pressed into the wet coat perpendicularly to the coated surface.
6.4 Dry film thickness

The dry film thickness shall be measured after adequate hardening or curing of the coating. To observe the
specified total film thickness, the thickness of each individual layer should be measured.
The film thickness should be measured by means of a permanent-magnetic (e.g. Mikrotest, Elcometer) or an
electromagnetic test set (e.g. Diameter). The test set shall be regularly calibrated and checked for proper
functioning according to the manufacturer's instructions.
For the determination of the dry film thickness, 22 measurements shall be taken in the respective area. The
lowest and the highest value shall be disregarded. The mean dry film thickness calculated from the remaining
measurements shall be higher than the specified value. 5% of the measured values may be below the speci-
fied film thickness by ≤ 20%.
The specified film thickness shall also be attained at corners, edges, and bolt heads.
Page 7
UN 9257-01 Part 1 : 2001-05
Dry film thicknesses shall not exceed the following upper limits:
• 140 µm in case of zinc dust prime coats,
• 200% of the nominal film thickness in case of one- and multi-layer painting systems
for allowable operating temperatures of ≤ 200°C,
for allowable operating temperatures of > 200°C.
If the stated upper limits are not exceeded, deviations from the nominal film thicknesses of the individual lay-
ers of a painting system may be set off against each other in justified individual cases with the approval of the
site management.
6.5 Degree of hardening

If required, the degree of hardening of two-component coating materials, zinc silicates and epoxy resins can
be determined with the aid of solvents (e.g. methyl-ethyl-ketone). When a piece of cloth saturated with solvent
is rubbed over the coating, the coating shall not soften and discolor. Details of the test procedure shall be
agreed upon by the Contractor, the site management and the manufacturer of the coating material in due
time.
6.6 Mechanical testing (chip testing / cross cut test)

Both procedures allow a limited evaluation of the following quality criteria:
• adhesive strength of the coating,
• elasticity of the coating (e.g. brittleness due to wrong mix proportions in the case of two-component coating
materials),
• proper composition of coats,
• proper surface preparation.
Damaged areas in which mechanical testing was performed shall be repaired according to the technical
specification “Painting System“ (UF 9257-01).
6.7 Color of the top coat

The color of the top coat shall be checked by comparison with a color chart (e.g. RAL 840 HR, Munsell Book
of Colors). Slight deviations of the color from the color chart are permissible.
7 Specimen surfaces
Specimen surfaces of approx. 1 m² should be prepared for the determination of the causes of defects which
might occur during the guarantee period.
The surface preparation and coating of the specimen surfaces shall correspond to the technical specification
“Painting System“ (UF 9257-01). One specimen surface should be prepared for every surface ≤ 10 000 m² of
each painting system. In the case of equipment and steel structures, the specimen surfaces shall also be pre-
pared in the manufacturer's workshop.
Representatives of the Contractor, of the manufacturer of the coating material and of the Orderer shall witness
the preparation of the specimen surfaces.
The locations of the specimen surfaces shall be selected on the basis of the following criteria:
• appropriate consideration of the principal wind direction and solar radiation,
• existing protection against abnormal operating conditions of the plant,
• consideration of large-size equipment and small structures in correct proportion,
• existing protection against dripping water and accumulation of water,
• good access,
• existing protection against mechanical strains (e.g. caused by foot traffic).
The preparation of specimen surfaces shall be recorded. The specimen surfaces shall be numbered with
weather-proof paint.
In the case of corrosion damage at coatings right next to a specimen surface which does not occur on this
specimen surface itself, the Contractor shall be liable for rectifying the damage.
Page 8
UN 9257-01 Part 1 : 2001-05
If the same or similar type of damage is found on the specimen surface nearby, the manufacturer of the coat-
ing material shall be responsible for rectifying the damage.
If for whatever reason, the specimen surface close to the damage cannot be taken for the evaluation of its
causes, the next specimen surface shall be taken instead.
During the guarantee period, the specimen surfaces shall meet the following quality requirements:
• degree of corrosion ≤ Ri 1 according DIN 53210 / ISO 4628
• no peeling,
• no blisters,
• no cracks.
In connection with the preparation of specimen surfaces, the site management can require the determination
of the yield of the coating materials. The coating materials shall be taken from lead-sealed containers.
Reference standards
Krupp Uhde standards:
UN 9250-01 Part 1 (under revision) Erection; Warehousing
Krupp Uhde forms:
UF 9257-01 Part 1 Erection; Technical specification; Painting system
UF 9257-02 Part 1 Erection; Technical specification; Application of painting systems for equip-
ment
UF 9257-02 Part 2 Erection; Technical specification; Application of painting systems for piping
DIN standards:
DIN 53210 : 1978-02 Designation of degree of rusting of paint surfaces
EN ISO standards:
EN ISO 12944-4 : 1998 Paints and varnishes; Corrosion protection of steel structures by protective
paint systems; Types of surface and surface preparation
Other standards:
ISO 4628-1 : 1982-05 Paints and varnishes; Evaluation of degradation of paint coatings; Designation
of intensity, quantity and size of common types of defect; General principles
and rating schemes
BS 5493 : 1977 Code of practice for protective coating of iron and steel structures against
corrosion
RAL 840 HR Chart of RAL Colors
US-Code Munsell Book of Colors
KRUPP UHDE STANDARD June 2001
Erection
UN
PROTECTIVE COATING AGAINST CORROSION 9257-01
Coating in the workshop Part 2
Montage; Korrosionsschutz durch Beschichtungen Supersedes UR 9257-01 Part 2, 92-05
Contents
Page
1 Scope .................................................................................................................................................................... 1
2 Technical documents .......................................................................................................................................... 1
3 General requirements.......................................................................................................................................... 1
4 Surface preparation ............................................................................................................................................. 2
4.1 Unalloyed and low-alloy steel ................................................................................................................................ 2
4.2 Galvanized steel .................................................................................................................................................... 3
4.3 Austenitic CrNi steel............................................................................................................................................... 3
4.4 Aluminum ............................................................................................................................................................... 3
4.5 Other non-ferrous metals ....................................................................................................................................... 3
5 Application of the coating materials .................................................................................................................. 3
5.1 General requirements ............................................................................................................................................ 3
5.2 Prime coat.............................................................................................................................................................. 4
5.3 Subsequent layers ................................................................................................................................................. 4
6 Checking the coating work ................................................................................................................................. 4
6.1 Surface preparation ............................................................................................................................................... 4
6.2 Visual check of the coating .................................................................................................................................... 4
6.3 Dry film thickness................................................................................................................................................... 4
6.4 Mechanical testing (chip testing / cross cut test).................................................................................................... 5
6.5 Color of the top coat............................................................................................................................................... 5
7 Specimen surfaces .............................................................................................................................................. 5
1 Scope
This standard applies to the corrosion protection of steel structures, equipment, vessels, machinery and pipe-
lines, to be applied by the supplier / manufacturer. It contains general requirements for surface preparation
and application of coating materials. This standard will be supplemented by specific instructions, as neces-
sary.
Deviations from this standard shall be agreed upon in writing between the Orderer and the supplier / manu-
facturer.
2 Technical documents
The extent of work to be performed is indicated in the technical specifications “Application of painting systems”,
Part 1 for equipment and Part 2 for piping (UF 9257-02). Data regarding the surface preparation and coating
materials are compiled in the technical specification “Painting System“ (UF 9257-01).
The maximum allowable working temperatures for equipment, vessels, pipelines, etc. are indicated in the
equipment or piping specification.
For the treatment of the coating materials (mixing, diluting, application), the manufacturer's instructions shall
be observed.
3 General requirements
The supplier / manufacturer shall store coating materials and solvents only in hermetically sealed and undam-
aged containers. The containers shall bear the manufacturer's label.
The surfaces to be coated shall meet the requirements specified in this standard.
21.06.2001 Kuhnke 21.06.2001 Krämer 22.06.2001 H.D. Müller

© 2001 Krupp Uhde GmbH Technical discipline: Erection
Page 2
UN 9257-01 Part 2 : 2001-06
The surfaces to be coated shall be free from contamination (e.g. welding slag, welding spatter, dust, oil,
grease, salt, mill scale, laitance, rust, old coatings). Surface defects (e.g. cracks, lamination, burrs, pitting)
shall be removed by suitable methods. Sharp edges (e.g. saw cuts, oxygen cutting) shall be adequately
rounded by grinding.
Prior to any further surface preparation, oil, grease, drilling emulsions, cutting emulsions and preservation
agents shall be carefully removed by high pressure washing with mild alkaline water detergents. The cleaned
surfaces shall be washed off with drinking water.
Further surface preparation may be carried out using different methods depending on the material of the
equipment.
4.1 Unalloyed and low-alloy steel

The surfaces shall be cleaned by blasting. Unless prohibited under local rules, blasting materials such as steel
shot, steel grit, sand of high hardness (e.g. corundum, quartz, olivine) or slag may be used. For blasting, dry
oil-free compressed air shall be used. The mean peak-to-valley height of the blasted surface should be 40 to
60 µm.
Table 1. Attainable peak-to-valley heights

Blasting material Grain size in mm Max. peak-to-valley height in µm
1)
Mineral material (e.g. sand, slag) 0.4 - 1.2 40 - 60
1)
Metallic material 0.2 - 1.0 40 - 60
2)
Coarse sand 1.40 70
2)
Steel shot (spherical grain) 1.20 90
2)
Steel grit (edged grain) 1.40 200
1) Continuous grading 2) Single grain size
If the mean peak-to-valley height exceeds the specified dry film thickness of the prime coat, the supplier /
manufacturer shall inform the Orderer. The supplier / manufacturer shall not commence with the application of
the coating materials until the Orderer has decided on an adequate increase of the film thickness.
Unless otherwise indicated in the technical specification “Painting System“ (UF 9257-01), steel surfaces hav-
ing a max. allowable working temperature of ≤ 200°C shall be blasted according to preparation grade Sa 2½.
In the case of a max. allowable working temperature of > 200°C, and in the case of surfaces which come into
permanent contact with water (e.g. underwater coating), blasting according to preparation grade Sa 3 is re-
quired.
Table 2. Preparation grades

Standard designations according to
Preparation grade
EN, DIN, ISO, SIS SSPC
Thorough wire-brushing or power tool grinding St 3 SP 3
Light blast cleaning Sa 1 SP 7
Thorough blast cleaning Sa 2 SP 6
Very thorough blast cleaning Sa 2½ SP 10
Blast cleaning to pure metal Sa 3 SP 5
SIS =Sveriges Standardiseringskommission, Sweden
SSPC = Steel Structure Painting Council, USA
Surfaces grinded to a large extent shall also be cleaned according to the preparation grade specified for the
material concerned. If zinc dust prime coats are used, additional blasting is required to guarantee a sufficient
roughness of the surfaces.
Prior to blasting, the surfaces that are not to be coated (e.g. markings, designation plates, flange faces, sight
glasses) shall be appropriately protected.
At ambient temperatures of ≤ 5°C or at relative air humidity of > 80%, blasting may only be performed if ap-
propriate protective measures (e.g. tent) are taken.
Page 3
UN 9257-01 Part 2 : 2001-06
4.2 Galvanized steel

Galvanized surfaces shall be degreased preferably by high-pressure washing with suitable water detergents
followed by rinsing with drinking water in order to remove preservation agents, zinc salts and fluxing agent
residues.
Surfaces with a mean peak-to-valley height ≤ 10 µm or heavily contaminated surfaces shall be roughened or
cleaned by sweep blasting, whichever applies. Zinc salts shall be removed before.
Preservation agents applied after galvanization shall be completely removed by using suitable procedures.
4.3 Austenitic CrNi steel

The surfaces shall be degreased or preservation agents shall be removed. In case of surfaces with a mean
peak-to-valley height of ≤ 10 µm, the Orderer will decide whether roughening by sweep blasting with a non-
metallic blasting material is necessary.
4.4 Aluminum
The surfaces shall be degreased or preservation agents shall be removed. Salts shall be removed by light
grinding.
4.5 Other non-ferrous metals

The surfaces shall be degreased or preservation agents shall be removed. Salts shall be removed by slight
brushing and rinsing with drinking water. The cleaned surfaces should be roughened by light grinding or
sweep blasting with a non-metallic blasting material. Sweep blasting shall only be performed with the approval
of the Orderer.
5 Application of the coating materials

5.1 General requirements
Surfaces to be coated shall be dry and free from contamination. To prevent condensation, the surface tem-
perature shall be at least 3°C above the dew point of the ambient air during coating. A sling psychrometer
shall be used to measure the relative air humidity.
To avoid defects of the coating (e.g. blisters, pores, inclusion of thinner, boiling of thinner) and changes of the
intervals between coats, the surface temperature should be in the range recommended by the paint manu-
facturer during coating, hardening, and curing of the coating materials.
Unless otherwise specified by the manufacturer, coating materials may be applied at an ambient temperature
of ≥ 4°C and a relative air humidity of 50 to 90%. Coating materials may be applied at temperatures of < 4°C
or > 30°C with the written approval of the manufacturer only. For certain coating materials (e.g. ethyl zinc sili-
cate), the required time for hardening, which depends on the air humidity, shall be observed. Two-component
coating materials shall be properly mixed with motor driven mixers.
Vessels and pipelines should not be coated prior to the pressure test. However, if coating is started with the
approval of the Orderer prior to the pressure test, the welds and an area of approx. 50 mm width on both sides
of the welds shall not be coated.
The coating materials shall be applied with a uniform thickness. Corners, edges, bolt heads, etc., which are
difficult to reach shall be pre-coated with small brushes. Thinners shall only be used if this is specified or rec-
ommended by the manufacturer of the coating material. Thinners shall not be admixed in excess of the speci-
fied or recommended amount.
Suitable equipment shall be used for spray application. Compressed air spraying units may only be employed
with the approval of the Orderer. The spraying nozzles used shall be in accordance with the recommendations
of the paint manufacturer and employed in such a way as to attain the required surface quality of the coating.
Prime coats must not be applied by rollers. For the application of zinc silicate prime coats, brushes shall not
be used.
Certain coating material may be applied with a brush up to a dry film thickness of 70 µm. Moreover, brushes
should be used if spraying would cause considerable losses (spraying mist). In the case of coating materials
based on physical drying (e.g. chlorinated rubber), brushes should not be used because the film which is al-
ready dry might partly dissolve when the next (wet) layer is applied.
Page 4
UN 9257-01 Part 2 : 2001-06
Movable components of machinery, name and boiler plates, stems of valves, sight glasses, and other items
not to be coated shall be carefully covered. Coatings applied by mistake shall be removed.
Matching surfaces of high-strength bolt connections shall not be coated, unless a suitable prime coat is speci-
fied. The external surfaces of the joints shall not be released for coating until the bolts have been tightened
and checked.
5.2 Prime coat

For steel structures, a shop primer may be used with the approval of the Orderer. The shop primer shall have
adequate properties relating to drying, weldability and application of further coats. In case of doubt, suitability
tests shall be performed.
Surfaces cleaned according to preparation grade Sa 2 or Sa 2½ shall be coated within 4 hours, surfaces
cleaned according to preparation grade Sa 3 within one hour. Cleaned surfaces on which a rust film has
formed shall be re-blasted by the specified method.
5.3 Subsequent layers

The time required for hardening or curing specified by the manufacturer of the coating material shall be ob-
served.
Prior to the application of further layers, the undamaged surfaces shall be cleaned (e.g. by blasting with dry
oil-free compressed air). Oil and grease shall be removed with suitable solvents. Drinking water shall be used
for rinsing.
In the case of zinc silicate coatings, the zinc salts shall be removed by proper brushing and washing with
drinking water. Large zinc salt deposits shall be removed by additional sweep blasting.
In the case of equipment and structures with galvanized components, the coating shall not be applied until the
surface preparation of the galvanized components has been completed.
The shades of colors of successive layers should be distinguishable to facilitate easy checking.
6 Checking the coating work

The surface preparation and coating work shall be regularly checked. Tests and measurements shall be per-
formed prior to the final acceptance of the coating work. An acceptance certificate covering checks, tests and
measurements performed shall be prepared.
The equipment supplier / manufacturer shall be responsible for checking the coating work regularly in the
workshop if painting is included in his scope of supplies. The manufacturer of the coating material and the
Contractor for site coating may perform additional checks in the workshop to satisfy themselves about the
proper performance of surface preparation and coating work.
6.1 Surface preparation

For the assessment of the preparation grade and the peak-to-valley height EN ISO 12944-4 is decisive. The
surfaces shall be visually checked for any mill scale remnants. The cleanliness of blast-cleaned surfaces may
also be checked with an adhesive tape that picks up dust or dirt particles which are clearly visible. Soluble iron
salts should be identified according to BS 5493 whenever this might have a detrimental effect on the painting
system concerned.
6.2 Visual check of the coating

Prior to any other test, the coating shall be subjected to a visual check. The visual check should be limited to coat-
ing defects (e.g. spray drizzle, areas left uncoated, inclusions of dirt, blisters, porosity, sags, tears, brush marks).
Areas in which the blasting material has remained under the coating shall be blasted again and recoated.
6.3 Dry film thickness

The dry film thickness shall be measured after adequate hardening or curing of the coating. To observe the
specified total film thickness, the thickness of each individual layer should be measured.
Page 5
UN 9257-01 Part 2 : 2001-06
The film thickness should be measured by means of a permanent-magnetic (e.g. Mikrotest, Elcometer) or an
electromagnetic test set (e.g. Diameter). The test set shall be regularly calibrated and checked for proper
functioning according to the manufacturer's instructions.
For the determination of the dry film thickness, 22 measurements shall be taken in the respective area. The
lowest and the highest value shall be disregarded. The mean dry film thickness calculated from the remaining
measurements shall be higher than the specified value. 5% of the measured values may be below the speci-
fied film thickness by ≤ 20%.
The specified film thickness shall also be attained at corners, edges, and bolt heads.
Dry film thicknesses shall not exceed the following upper limits:
• 140 µm in case of zinc dust prime coats,
for allowable operating temperatures of ≤ 200°C,
for allowable operating temperatures of > 200°C.
If the stated upper limits are not exceeded, deviations from the nominal film thicknesses of the individual lay-
ers of a painting system may be set off against each other in justified individual cases with the approval of the
Orderer
6.4 Mechanical testing (chip testing / cross cut test)

Both procedures allow a limited evaluation of the following quality criteria:
• adhesive strength of the coating,
• elasticity of the coating (e.g. brittleness due to wrong mix proportions in the case of two-component coating
materials),
• proper composition of coats,
• proper surface preparation.
Damaged areas in which mechanical testing was performed shall be repaired according to the technical
specification “Painting System“ (UF 9257-01).
6.5 Color of the top coat

The color of the top coat shall be checked by comparison with a color chart (e.g. RAL 840 HR, Munsell Book
of Colors). Slight deviations of the color from the color chart are permissible.
7 Specimen surfaces
Specimen surfaces of approx. 1 m² should be prepared for the determination of the causes of defects which
might occur during the guarantee period.
Representatives of the supplier / manufacturer, of the manufacturer of the coating material and of the Orderer
shall witness the preparation of the specimen surfaces.
The locations of the specimen surfaces shall be selected on the basis of the following criteria:
• appropriate consideration of the principal wind direction and solar radiation,
• existing protection against abnormal operating conditions of the plant,
• consideration of large-size equipment and small structures in correct proportion,
• existing protection against dripping water and accumulation of water,
• good access,
• existing protection against mechanical strains (e.g. caused by foot traffic).
The preparation of specimen surfaces shall be recorded. The specimen surfaces shall be numbered with
weather-proof paint.
In the case of corrosion damage at coatings right next to a specimen surface which does not occur on this
specimen surface itself, the supplier / manufacturer shall be liable for rectifying the damage.
Page 6
UN 9257-01 Part 2 : 2001-06
If the same or similar type of damage is found on the specimen surface nearby, the manufacturer of the coat-
ing material shall be responsible for rectifying the damage.
If for whatever reason, the specimen surface close to the damage cannot be taken for the evaluation of its
causes, the next specimen surface shall be taken instead.
During the guarantee period, the specimen surfaces shall meet the following quality requirements:
• degree of corrosion ≤ Ri 1 according DIN 53210 / ISO 4628-1
• no peeling,
• no blisters,
• no cracks.
Reference standards
Krupp Uhde standards:
UN 9250-01 Part 1 (under revision) Erection; Warehousing
Krupp Uhde forms:
UF 9257-01 Part 1 Erection; Technical specification; Painting system
UF 9257-02 Part Erection; Technical specification; Application of painting systems for equipment
UF 9257-02 Part 2 Erection; Technical specification; Application of painting systems for piping
DIN standards:
DIN 53210 : 1978-02 Designation of degree of rusting of paint surfaces
EN ISO standards:
EN ISO 12944-4 : 1998 Paints and varnishes; Corrosion protection of steel structures by protective paint
systems; Types of surface and surface preparation
Other standards:
ISO 4628-1 : 1982-05 Paints and varnishes; Evaluation of degradation of paint coatings; Designation of
intensity, quantity and size of common types of defect; General principles and rat-
ing schemes
BS 5493 : 1977 Code of practice for protective coating of iron and steel structures against
corrosion
RAL 840 HR Chart of RAL Colors
US-Code Munsell Book of Colors
UHDE STANDARD July 2004
Erection
COLORING AND MARKING UN
OF EQUIPMENT AND PIPING 9257-02
Part 1
Montage; Farbgebung und Beschriftung von Ausrüstungen und Rohrleitungen Supersedes 01-06
Contents
Page
1 Scope .................................................................................................................................................................... 1
2 Units / abbreviations............................................................................................................................................ 1
2.1 Units....................................................................................................................................................................... 1
3 Color coding......................................................................................................................................................... 1
4 Marking by lettering, color bands and symbols................................................................................................ 2
4.1 Lettering................................................................................................................................................................. 2
4.2 Color bands and symbols ...................................................................................................................................... 3
4.3 Application of the markings.................................................................................................................................... 3
4.4 Plates..................................................................................................................................................................... 4
5 Safety marking ..................................................................................................................................................... 4
Amendments........................................................................................................................................................................ 4
1 Scope
This Uhde standard applies to the engineering and construction of industrial and chemical plants. It contains
requirements for the coloring and marking of equipment and piping.
The record of colors RAL 840 HR or the color charts of the manufacturers of the coating materials shall apply
as color samples. Slight deviations from the color samples are permitted because of varying degrees of gloss
and different manufacturing techniques.
Deviations from this standard shall be agreed between the Orderer and the Contractor in writing.
2 Units / abbreviations
2.1 Units
The following units will be used:
Table 1. Units
General SI units
Dimensions mm
Temperature °C
3 Color coding
The colors of the coating materials depend on the specified painting system and the max. allowable working
temperature. In the case of temperatures of > 80 °C, deviations from the color samples are admissible.
The color of painting systems with a max. allowable temperature of > 150 °C depends on the pigment. For top
coats, silver RAL 9006 or 9007 shall normally be used. For special top coats (e.g. temperature indicating
coats), the data of the manufacturer of the coating material shall apply.
02.07.2004 Kuhnke 02.07.2004 Saalbach 02.07.2004 H.D. Müller

© 2004 Uhde GmbH Technical discipline: Erection
Page 2
UN 9257-02 Part 1 : 2004-07
The colors and the kind and extent of coloring of equipment and piping are indicated in the technical specifi-
cation “Color coding and marking for equipment and piping“ (UF 9257-02 Part 3). The named colors for
• steel structures,
• process equipment,
• machinery,
• piping,
• instrumentation and electrical equipment,
shall be used unless the manufacturer of the coating materials cannot produce these colors.
This standard shall not apply to galvanized equipment or equipment of high-alloyed steel, nickel, aluminum or
other non-ferrous metals, unless this equipment is to be coated according to the technical specification “Appli-
cation of painting systems”, Part 1 for equipment and Part 2 for piping (UF 9257-02).
Standard process equipment may have colors as selected by the manufacturer.
Flanged motors may have the color of the related machine. Standard items and machines out of series pro-
duction (e.g. pumps) may have colors as selected by the manufacturer.
The instrumentation and electrical equipment should be color-coded according to the manufacturer's stan-
dards. The colors according to “Color coding and marking for equipment and piping“ (UF 9257-02 Part 3)
should be given preference.
4 Marking by lettering, color bands and symbols

Equipment and piping can be additionally marked with lettering (e.g. vessel no., identification of volume), color
bands (e.g. fluid marking), or symbols (e.g. arrows for indicating the flow direction). Style and extent of these
markings are indicated in the technical specification “Color coding and marking for equipment and piping“
(UF 9257-02 Part 3).
The blank space between lettering, color bands, and symbols (e.g. arrows) should be 150 mm.
Piping of < 3 m in length shall not receive lettering.
For the colors for lettering and symbols “Color coding and marking for equipment and piping“ (UF 9257-02
Part 3) shall apply.
4.1 Lettering
Lettering for equipment shall be placed once on each item of equipment at a clearly visible location. The let-
ters should have the following height:
• 50 or 80 mm: for equipment with dimensions of ≤ 1 m,
• 100 mm: for equipment with dimensions of > 1 m to 5 m,
• 900 mm: for equipment with dimensions of > 50 m.
Lettering for piping shall be placed clearly visible near the points where piping leave the ground or the pipe
rack. Decisions about any further lettering required shall be made on site. The letters should have the follow-
ing height:
• 10 mm: for piping of ≤ DN 25,
• 20 mm: for piping of > DN 25 to DN 80,
• 100 mm: for piping of > DN 1000.
The blank space between the letters should be 10 % of the letter height. The type of letters shall be determined
on site. For the color of the letters “Color coding and marking for equipment and piping“ (UF 9257-02 Part 3)
shall apply.
Lettering for tanks shall be placed at a height of approx. 80 % of the shell height. Lettering for horizontal ves-
sels, spherical vessels, and piping shall be placed at the height of the centerline.
Page 3
UN 9257-02 Part 1 : 2004-07
4.2 Color bands and symbols

Marking of piping with color bands (paint or colored foils) is only required if piping is not coated at all (e.g.
insulated piping) or if all coated piping are provided with the same color (e.g. grey RAL 7035). Unless other-
wise agreed, color bands shall only be arranged at significant points for plant operation (e.g. where piping
starts and ends, at branches, at valves). In the case of piping connected to equipment (e.g. vessels, pumps)
color bands should be arranged < 1.5 m away from this equipment.
The color bands should have the following width:

• 50 mm: for piping of ≤ DN 200.
For the color of the bands to be used to mark identity of fluids “Color coding and marking for equipment and
piping“ (UF 9257-02 Part 3) shall apply.
Symbols (paint or colored foils) should be placed at points significant for plant operation, preferably next to the
color bands. For the symbols “Color coding and marking for equipment and piping“ (UF 9257-02 Part 3) shall
apply.
For the sizes of arrows for indicating flow direction, figure 1 and table 1 shall apply.
Figure 1. Arrow for indicating flow direction
Table 1. Dimensions of arrows for indicating flow direction

Nominal diameter Dimensions of arrow in mm
DN Inch W1 W2 L1 L2
≤ 20 ≤¾ 3 9 8 20
20 to 40 ¾ to 1½ 5 15 13 35
50 to 80 2 to 3 10 30 26 65
100 to 150 4 to 6 15 45 40 100
200 to 250 8 to 10 30 90 80 200
300 to 400 12 to 16 50 150 130 325
450 to 600 18 to 24 80 240 210 525
> 600 > 24 100 300 260 650
4.3 Application of the markings

Self-adhesive foils shall be applied on surfaces which shall be clean, smooth and free from grease.
Prior to the application of lettering and color bands by paint a surface preparation is required. Coated surfaces
shall be free from contamination (e.g. dust, oil, grease, salts). The surfaces should be roughened with abra-
sive paper to improve adhesion of the marking.
Surfaces of galvanized steel, alloyed steel, aluminum and other non-ferrous metals shall be slightly roughened
with abrasive paper. For galvanized steel and for aluminum saponification-resistant binding agents shall be
used for the marking paints.
For the coating materials for lettering and color bands, the technical specification “Painting system“
(UF 9257-01) shall apply.
In the case of plastic surfaces, self-adhesive foils should be used for marking.
Page 4
UN 9257-02 Part 1 : 2004-07
4.4 Plates
Shop-fabricated plates or marking systems may be used for the marking of piping instead of lettering or color
bands. The plates or markings should bear the following information:
• Number of the piping,
• Fluid designation,
• Flow direction.
The plates or markings shall be placed according to section 4.1 and 4.2.
Plates, marking systems and the related carrier systems should be resistant to heat, cold, acids, lyes and
aging as far as possible. Moreover, they should be resistant to solar radiation and flame-resistant. Straps of
weather-proof plastic, straps of stainless steel, or spacers of stainless steel shall be used for fixing of plates
and marking systems.
The letters on the plates and marking systems should have the following height:
• 30 mm: for piping of ≤ DN 150,
For the plates and the letters “Color coding and marking for equipment and piping“ (UF 9257-02 Part 3) shall
apply.
5 Safety marking
For the marking of hazardous areas, the related standards shall apply (e.g. DIN 2403, DIN 4844-1 and
4844-2, ANSI Z535.1).
Reference standards
Uhde forms:
UF 9257-01 Part 1 : 2004-01 Erection; Technical specification; Painting system
UF 9257-02 Part 1 : 2004-01 Erection; Technical specification; Application of painting systems for equip-
ment
UF 9257-02 Part 2 : 2004-01 Erection; Technical specification; Application of painting systems for piping
UF 9257-02 Part 3 : 2004-04 Erection; Technical specification; Color coding and marking for equipment and
piping
DIN standards:
DIN 2403 : 1984-03 Identification of piping according to the fluid conveyed
DIN 4844-1 : 2002-11 Safety marking; Dimensions, distance of observation
DIN 4844-1 Corrigenda to DIN 4844-1 : 2002-11
Corrigenda 1 : 2003-04
DIN 4844-2 : 2001-02 Safety marking; Overview of safety signs
DIN 4844-2/A1 : 2004-05 Safety marking; Overview of safety signs; Amendment A1
other standards:
ANSI Z535.1 : 2002 Safety color code
RAL 840 HR Record of RAL colors
Amendments
The following amendments have been made to the June 2001 edition:
– All color coding detail heave being deleted.

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Project Engineering Specification

Project Engineering Specification

No deviation will be accepted.

2.1.2 Corrosion Protection, Application of Painting Systems

2.1.3 Corrosion Protection, Color Coding, Marking & Safety Marking

Project Engineering Specification

UN 9257-01 Part 1 Protective Coating against Corrosion

UN 9257-01 Part 2 Protective Coating against Corrosion

UN 9257-02 Part 1 Coloring and Marking of Equipment and Piping

In general, the following items will not be painted:

Project Engineering Specification

All stress relieving shall be completed before surface preparation starts.

23 Self-etching primer (SEP)

51 to line 9: preparation grades are equivalent

23 Self-etching primer (SEP)

51 to line 9: preparation grades are equivalent

23 Self-etching primer (SEP)

51 to line 9: preparation grades are equivalent

23 Self-etching primer (SEP)

51 to line 9: preparation grades are equivalent

23 Self-etching primer (SEP)

23 Self-etching primer (SEP)

51 to line 9: preparation grades are equivalent

23 Self-etching primer (SEP)

23 Self-etching primer (SEP)

51 to line 9: preparation grades are equivalent

23 Self-etching primer (SEP)

51 to line 9: preparation grades are corresponding

45 Cable racks without coating

45 Conveying equipment coating acc. to manufacturer´s standard

51 Squirrel grey 7000 Signal black 9004

1 Marking by lettering, symbols, and colour bands

23 enameled steel X laminated plastics PVC PP

35 Basic colour of bands to bands to mark destinctive letters on basic colour

30.05.2001 Kuhnke 30.05.2001 Krämer 18.06.2001 H.D. Müller

4.1 Unalloyed and low-alloy steel

Table 1. Attainable peak-to-valley heights

Blasting material Grain size in mm Max. peak-to-valley height in µm

Table 2. Preparation grades

4.2 Galvanized steel

4.3 Austenitic CrNi steel

4.5 Other non-ferrous metals

5 Application of the coating materials

Table 3. Dew points

5.2 Prime coat

5.3 Subsequent layers

6 Checking the coating work

6.1 Surface preparation

6.2 Visual check of the coating

6.3 Wet film thickness

6.4 Dry film thickness

6.5 Degree of hardening

6.6 Mechanical testing (chip testing / cross cut test)

6.7 Color of the top coat

21.06.2001 Kuhnke 21.06.2001 Krämer 22.06.2001 H.D. Müller

4.1 Unalloyed and low-alloy steel

Table 1. Attainable peak-to-valley heights

Table 2. Preparation grades

4.2 Galvanized steel

4.3 Austenitic CrNi steel

4.5 Other non-ferrous metals

5 Application of the coating materials