COMPREHENSIVE TRAINING

FOR DPWH FIELD

ENGINEERS
Quality Control Programs
Minimum Testing Requirements
Materials Sampling and Testing
Basic Testing Equipment
IN ENGINEERING POINT OF VIEW, MATERIALS
QUALITY CONTROL HAS TWO ASPECTS
NAMELY :

• MATERIALS TESTING

• QUALITY CONTROL
WHAT IS MATERIALS TESTING ?

 is the basic means or a tool by which an engineer

or an inspector can be used to determined whether
the materials should be allowed to be incorporated
or be rejected into the work.

 It is a documented proof of the quality of materials

indicating it meets or it fails the desired properties
as called for in the specifications requirements of an
approved contract.

 There can be no quality assurance without adequate quality

control at the source or manufacturer or at construction,
therefore testing is a tool for measuring quality control
in project implementation.
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Public Works and Highways
OFFICE OF THE PROJECT ENGINEER
Reconstruction of Minanga Bridge along Naguilian –
Benito Soliven - San Mariano Road
San Mariano, Isabela

September 10, 2012

The Manager
J.D. LEGASPI CONSTRUCTION
202 A. Luna Street, Brgy. Greenhills
Mandaluyong City
Metro Manila

Thru: The Project Engineer

J.D. LEGASPI CONSTRUCTION
This Project

Sir:

This is to inform you that samples taken from your stock pile submitted at the
Regional Laboratory Office failed to meet the Grading requirements and Wash on Sieve No.
200 as per attached photocopy of test result for coarse and fine aggregates.

In connection with this, you are required to reprocess to standard grading

requirement and conduct remedial measures to attain a clean and free from deleterious
materials on noted stock piled coarse and fine aggregates intended for Item 400 (bored
piles). Likewise, design and trial mix shall be prepared before you commenced with any
concreting works in order not to delay future activities.

For strict compliance.

Very truly yours,

ANTONINO R. ZINGAPAN
Project Engineer
 WHAT IS THE IMPORTANCE OF MATERIALS
TESTING

Engineers do not guess !!!

Testing is an important complement of quality

control in engineering works

Materials testing is not done by sight or other means without the

benefit of laboratory tests. If it is done by sight, it is pure and
simple guessing.

 So without testing even in the field or in the laboratory, no one can state
definitely if the quality of materials is satisfied or not, even the expert.
What is Quality ?

 is a judgement by the customer or users of a product or

service.

 It is the extent to which the customer or users feel the product

or service surpasses their needs and expectations.

 the characteristic of a product that provides a level of

performance in terms of service and life.
What is Control ?

It is usually used in relation to something in need of

checking or regulating due to some important and
compelling reasons.

 It is used to correct something which has gone wrong or in

other words, control is instituted as a corrective measure.

There is another form of control which is now widely and

increasingly used in most industries to gauge the
performance and excellence of work and product. It is the
combination of the above two-words we have just defined and the
name is Quality Control.
In the implementation of quality control in the engineering construction, two-
items are checked.

What is to be checked?

Materials and methods of construction or workmanship

Quality Control therefore includes all procedures which are necessary

to insure that the materials used and workmanship employed conform
to the standard of quality specified in the approved plans and specifications

If quality control is done by sight or other means without the benefit of

laboratory tests, and lately executed, it is pure and simple guessing.
 Quality Control is being increasingly instituted in the construction
industry, not necessarily as a corrective measure, but more as
a preventive tool.

An “ ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure” ,was originally a

medical advice, but it is equally applicable to engineering.

Preventive measures are always economical and this is true, if the

finished structure is defective or fails, the cost of repair and/or
maintenance will be very high.

Quality Control in construction is checking for conformity to the

requirements of the approved plans and specifications.
The Modern Concept of Quality Control

- The modern concept of Quality Control is that, it is a system

which involves the joint but independent efforts of the owner
and the contractor to achieve the level of quality desired by the
owner as established in the project specifications.

- The owner’s task is to verify that the contractor’s quality

control system is functioning and the completed structure is of
the specified quality

- The contractor’s task is to regulate, test and inspect the

procedures, equipment, materials, and manpower so that the
completed facility will comply with the requirements.
What is the Purpose of the Quality Control?

 to insure the highest quality of work

 to extend the service life of any structure by

constructing according to the prescribed plans
and specifications

 to check and regulate the use of construction

materials

to economize the cost of construction of a structure

Quality Control Procedures
In the construction or improvement projects of the Department of
Public Works & Highways, the following quality control procedures
are commonly used/practice:

1. Program of Works

2. Quality Control Program / Minimum Testing Requirements

3. Materials Sampling and Testing

4. Pretesting of Manufactured Materials

5. Inspection

6. Accomplishment of Quality Control Logbook

7. Submission of Monthly Materials Quality Control Report

8. Certificate of Quality Control Assurance Report

1. Program of Works

In any DPWH project , a program of work is to be prepared and

approved by the concerned Head of the Implementing Office
prior to enter in a contract or by administration mode of
implementation.

Program of Works for any horizontal and vertical projects

contains a specific Item of Works based on the DPWH Standard
Specifications ( Blue Book ), unit of measurements, unit cost,
computed quantities and total cost of item of works.
TYPICAL DETAIL OF PROGRAM OF WORK
2. Quality Control Program /
Minimum Testing Requirements
Quality Control Program ( QCP)

- A program of quality control works in a certain project which

involve inspection and testing of materials to be incorporated
into a work.

- It specifies the minimum number of tests required for an item

of work which corresponds to the quantities stated in the
approved Program of Work of a project

- It is prepared by the concerned Materials Engineer of the

contractor and be approved by the Project Engineer assigned
in the project.
 TYPICAL FORMAT OF QCP
J.D. LEGASPI CONSTRUCTION
202 A. Luna Street, Brgy. Greenhills
Mandaluyong City
Metro Manila
QUALITY CONTROL PROGRAM

PROJECT : RECONSTRUCTION OF MINANGA BRIDGE ALONG NAGUILIAN - BENITO SOLIVEN - SAN MARIANO ROAD
LOCATION San Mariano, Isabela
LIMIT :
TEST TO BE PERFORMED:
QUANTITIES MINIMUM NO. OF TEST
ITEM NO. DESCRIPTION UNIT
PROGRAM REQUIRED
<:> A. BRIDGE
103 - 2 Structure Excavation (AOWL) 5.00 cu.m. No Test Required
GPC 2.0
104 - 1 Embankment 1,805.00 cu.m.
D 57.0
400- 23a 1400 mm. Diam. Bored Pile (16500mm) 33.00 ln.m.
CLASS "AA" (Substructure, 28 Mpa) 50.80 cu.m. # 2.0
12 a) Cement 610.00 Bags Qt 1.0
0.44 b) Fine Aggregate 22.35 cu.m. Qt 1.0
G 1.0

cu.m

0.56 c) Coarse Aggregate 28.45 Qt 1.0

G 1.0
d) Water P.E.C
RSB's , FHCBP
16mm dia. Grade 40 2,840.00 kgs. Included under Item 400-23b
25mm dia. Grade 40 839.18 kgs. Qt 1.0
32mm dia. Grade 40 9,817.96 kgs. Qt 1.0
 J.D. LEGASPI CONSTRUCTION
202 A. Luna Street, Brgy. Greenhills
Mandaluyong City
Metro Manila
QUALITY CONTROL PROGRAM

PROJECT : RECONSTRUCTION OF MINANGA BRIDGE ALONG NAGUILIAN - BENITO SOLIVEN - SAN MARIANO ROAD
CONTRACTOR : J.D. LEGASPI
LIMIT :
TEST TO BE PERFORMED:
<:> C. MISCELLANEOUS
SPL 10 Progress Photographs all L.S. No Test Required
SPL 11 Rent to Own two (2) units Service Vehicle for the Engineer 2.00 units No Test Required
SPL 12 Field Office/ Engineers Quarters Rental & Maintenance 10.00 mos. No Test Required
SPL 13 Provision of Furniture, Fixture, Equipment, & Appliances for Engineer's Office all L.S. No Test Required
SPL 14 Warning/Traffic Signs all L.S. No Test Required

SPL 15 all L.S. No Test Required

Mobilization/Demobilization
SPL 16 Provide Survey Instrument for the Engineer - all L.S. No Test Required
SPL 17 Provide Survey Personnel Assistance for the Engineer - 10.00 mos. No Test Required

SPL 18 all L.S. No Test Required

Mobilization/Demobilization
<:> D. PROVISIONAL SUM
SPL 19 Provisional Sum all L.S. No Test Required
Q - Quality Test D - Field Density Test # - Concrete Cylinder Sample
G P - Grading/Plasticity Test ## - Concrete Beam Sample
CBR - California Bearing Ratio C - Compaction Test
Note for Concrete : The Cement Factor on concrete products, the test results of Trial Mix will prevail
Prepared by: Submitted by:

DELIA C. BERNARDEZ ROBERTO L. ILAGAN

Project Quality Control Engineer Project Engineer
J.D. LEGASPI CONSTRUCTION M.E. No. 0425 J.D. LEGASPI CONSTRUCTION

Checked by: Approved by:

BERNARD T. CALABAZARON ANTONINO ZINGAPAN

Project Quality Assurance Engineer Project Engineer
DPWH - Regional Office No. 02 DPWH - Regional Office No. 02
Minimum Testing Requirements
 MINIMUM TESTING REQUIREMENTS

The governing Minimum Test Requirements of all Items

of Works of the DPWH Standard Specifications for
Highways, Bridges and Airports is still based on the
Revised Schedule per Memorandum dated 25 January
1989 signed by Secretary Fiorello R. Estuar.
 MINIMUM TESTING REQUIREMENTS

 The prescribed tests on the construction

materials to be used in a project based on
approved contract quantities

 The requirements which specify the kind and

number of tests for each pay item of works

 It should emphasized that what are specified

are the minimum number of testing only.
Additional number of test can be require to
the materials if the owner/inspector is in
doubt of the quality of materials or the
finished structure
SCHEDULE OF MINIMUM TESTING REQUIREMENTS GOVERNING ITEMS
OF WORK OF THE DPWH STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS FOR HIGHWAYS,
BRIDGES AND AIRPORTS (Volume II)

PART C – EARTHWORK (Items 100 Series)

PART D – SUB-BASE AND BASE COURSE (Items 200 Series)

PART E – SURFACE COURSE (Items 300 series)

PART F – BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION (Items 400 Series)

PART G–DRAINAGE AND SLOPE PROTECTION STRUCTURES

(Items 500 Series)

PART H – MISCELLANEOUS STRUCTURES (Items 600 Series)

PART I – MATERIALS DETAILS (Items 700 Series)

Items 100 Series
100 – Clearing and Grubbing
101 – Removal of Structures and Obstruction
102 – Excavation
103 – Structure Excavation
104 – Embankment
105 – Subgrade Preparation
106 – Compaction Equipment and Density Control
Strips
107 – Overhaul
Items 200 Series
200 – Aggregate Subbase Course
201 – Aggregate Base Course
202 – Crushed Aggregates Base Course
203 – Lime Stabilized Road Mix Base Course
204 – Portland Cement Stabilized Road Mix Base
Course Amount
205 – Asphalt Stabilized Road Mix Base Course
206 – Portland Cement Treated Plant Mix Base
Course
207 – Aggregate Stockpile
Item 300 Series
300 – Aggregate Surface Course
301 – Bituminous Prime Coat
302 – Bituminous Tack Coat
303 – Bituminous Seal Coat
304 – Bituminous Surface Treatment
305 – Bituminous Penetration Macadam
Pavement
306 – Bituminous Road Mix Surface Course
307 – Bituminous Plant-Mix Surface Course –
308 – General
Bituminous Plant – Mix Surface Course, Cold-Laid
309 – Bituminous Plant-Mix (Stockpile Maintenance
Mixture)
310 – Bituminous Concrete Surface Course, Hot-
Laid
311 – Portland Cement Concrete Pavement
Item 400 Series
400 – Piling
401 – Railings
402 – Timber Structures
403 – Metal Structures
404 – Reinforcing Steel
405 – Structural Concrete
406 – Pre-stressed concrete Structure
407 – Concrete Structure
408 – Steel Bridges
409 – Welded Structure Steel
410 – Treated and Untreated Timber
411 – Paint
412 – Elastomeric Bearing Pad
413 – Pre-molded Joint Filler for Concrete
Paving and Structural Construction
Item 500 Series
500 – Pipe Culverts and Storm Drains
501 – Under drains
502 – Manholes, Inlets and Catch Basins
503 – Drainage Steel Grating with Frame
504 – Cleaning and Reconditioning Existing
Drainage Structure
505 – Riprap and Grouted Riprap
506 – Stone Masonry
507 – Rubble Concrete
508 – Hand-Laid Rock Embankment
509 – Sheet Piles
510 – Concrete Slope Protection
511 – Gabions and Mattresses
Item 600 Series
600 – Curb and/or Gutter
601 – Sidewalk
602 – Monuments, Markers and Guide Post
603 – Guardrail
604 – Fencing
605 – Road Sign
606 – Pavement Markings
607 – Reflective Pavement Studs
608 – Topsoil
609 – Sprigging
610 – Sodding
611 – Tree Planting
612 – Reflective Thermoplastic Stripping Materials
(Solid Form)
Item 700 Series
700 – Hydraulic Cement
701 – Construction Lime (Hydrated)
702 – Bituminous Materials
703 – Aggregates
703A – Mineral Filler
704 – Masonry Units
705 – Joint Materials
706 – Concrete, Clay, Plastic and Fiber Pipe

707 – Metal Pipe

708 – Chemical Admixtures for Concrete
709 – Paints
Item 700 Series
710 – Reinforcing Steel and Wire Rope

711 – Fence and Guardrail

712 – Structural Metal

713 – Treated and Untreated Timber

714 – Water

715 – Geotextiles
SCHEDULE OF MINIMUM TEST REQUIREMENTS GOVERNING ITEMS OF WORK OF
THE DPWH STANDARD SPECIFIC ATIONS FOR HIGHWAYS, BRIDGES AND AIRPORTS
(VOLUME II)
Part C - EARTHWORK
ITEMS OF WORK MINIMUM TEST REQUIREMENTS
Item 100 - Clearing and Grubbing None
Item101 - Removal of Structures & Obstruction None
Item 102 - Excavation Same tests as for Items 103, 104 and 105, whichever is
applicable.
Item 103 - Structure Excavation
If excavated materials are incorporated into the work:
For every 1,500 cu.m. or fraction thereof:
If excavated materials are wasted, the volume
involved shall be reported so that Quality 1-G, Grading Test
1-P, Plasticity Test (LL, PL)
Control requirements may be adjusted
1-C, Laboratory Compaction Test
accordingly. Submit Project Engineer
Certificate of Waste For every 150 mm layer in uncompacted depth:
1-D, Field Density
For every 1,500 cu.m. or fraction thereof:
Item 104 - Embankment 1-G, Grading Test
1-P, Plasticity Test (LL, PL)
1-C, Laboratory Compaction Test
For each 500 sq.m of each layer of compacted fill or
fraction thereof at least one group of three in-situ
density tests. The layers shall be placed not exceeding
200 mm in loose measurement or based on the result of
compaction trials.

Item 105 - Sub-grade Preparation Same tests as for Item 104

Part D – SUBBASE AND BASE COURSE
ITEMS OF WORK
Item 200 - Aggregate Subbase Course
Item 201 - Aggregate Base Course
MINIMUM TEST REQUIREMENTS
For every 300 cu.m. or fraction thereof:
1-G, Grading Test
1-P, Plasticity Test (LL, PL)
For every 1,500 cu.m. or fraction thereof:
1-Q, Quality Test for Grading, Plasticity, Abrasion
and Laboratory Compaction Test
For every 2,500 cu.m. or fraction thereof:
1-A, Abrassion 1 -CBR, California Bearing Ratio
For every layer of 150 mm of compacted
depth/based on the results of compaction trials:
At least one group of three in-situ density
tests for each 500 sq.m or fraction thereof.
For every 300 cu.m. or fraction thereof:
1-G, Grading Test
1-P, Plasticity Test (LL, PL)
For every 1,500 cu.m. or fraction thereof:
1-Q, Quality Test for Grading, Plasticity,Abrasion
and Laboratory Compaction Test
For every 2,500 cu.m. or fraction thereof:
1-CBR, California Bearing Ratio
For every layer of 150 mm of compacted
depth/based on the results of compaction trials:
At least one group of three in-situ density
tests for each 500 sq.m or fraction thereof.
Part D – SUBBASE AND BASE COURSE
ITEMS OF WORK
Item 202 - Crushed Aggregate Base Course For every 300 cu.m. or fraction thereof:
Item 300 - Aggregate Surface Course
MINIMUM TEST REQUIREMENTS
1-G, Grading Test
1-P, Plasticity Test (LL, PL)
For every 1,500 cu.m. or fraction thereof:
1-Q, Quality Test for Grading, Plasticity, Abrasion
and Laboratory Compaction Test
For every 2,500 cu.m. or fraction thereof:
1-CBR, California Bearing Ratio
1 – F, Fractured Face
For every layer of 150 mm of compacted
depth/based on the results of compaction trials:
At least one group of three in-situ density
tests for each 500 sq.m or fraction thereof.
For every 300 cu.m. or fraction thereof:
1-G, Grading Test
1-P, Plasticity Test (LL, PL)
For every 1,500 cu.m. or fraction thereof:
1-Q, Quality Test for Grading, Plasticity,Abrasion
and Laboratory Compaction Test
For every 2,500 cu.m. or fraction thereof:
1-CBR, California Bearing Ratio
1 – F, Fractured Face
For every layer of 150 mm of compacted
depth/based on the results of compaction trials:
At least one group of three in-situ density
tests for each 500 sq.m or fraction thereof.
Part E – SURFACE COURSE
ITEMS OF WORK MINIMUM TEST REQUIREMENTS
Item 307- Bituminous Plant-Mix Surface A. Aggregates
Course General For every 75 cu.m./200 t or fraction thereof:
1-G & P, Grading and Plasticity Tests for every
Item 310 – Bituminous Concrete Surface 1,500 cu.m. or fraction thereof:
1-Q, Quality Tests for: (Grading, Plasticity,
Course, Hot-Laid Abrasion, Stripping and Bulk Specific Gravity) 1-
F, Fractured Face
B. Bituminous Materials
Quantity: 5.0 to 8.0 mass % of total dry aggregate
Tests: 1-Q, Quality Tests for each 40 t or fraction
thereof
C. Mix
For every 75 cu.m./130 t or fraction thereof:
1-G, Grading Test
1-Ext., Extraction
1-Sty., Stability
1-C, Laboratory Compaction
D. Hydrated Lime
For every 100 t or fraction thereof
E. Mineral Filler
For every 75 cu.m. or fraction thereof:
1-G & P, Grading and Plasticity Tests (LL, PL)
F. For each full day’s operation:
D & T (Density and Thickness Tests) – at least one
(1) but not more than three (3) samples shall be
taken.
Part E – SURFACE COURSE
ITEMS OF WORK MINIMUM TEST REQUIREMENTS
A. Cement
Item 311 - Portland Cement Concrete Quality: 9.1 bags cu.m. (40 kg/bag)
Tests: For every 2,000 bags or fraction thereof:
Pavement 1-Q, Quality Test
B. Fine Aggregate
Quantity:
1. 0.50 cu.m./cu.m. concrete (if rounded
coarse aggregate is used)
2. 0.54 cu.m/cu.m. concrete (if angular
coarse aggregate is used)
Tests: For every 1,500 cu.m. or fraction thereof:
a. For a source not yet tested, or failed in
previous quality tests:
1-Q, Quality Test for: Grading, Elutriation
(Wash), Bulk Specific Gravity, Absorption
Mortar Strength, Soundness, Organic
Impurities, Unit Weight, % Clay Lumps and
Shale.
b. For a source previously tested and passed
quality test:
1-Q, Quality Tests for: Grading, Elutriation
(Wash), Bulk Specific Gravity, Absorption
Mortar Strength
For every 75 cu.m. or fraction thereof:
1-G, Grading Tests
Part E – SURFACE COURSE
ITEMS OF WORK MINIMUM TEST REQUIREMENTS

Item 311 - Portland Cement Concrete C. Course Aggregate

Quantity:
Pavement 1. 0.77 cu.m/cu.m. concrete (if rounded coarse
aggregate is used)
2. 0.68 cu.m./cu.m. concrete (if angular coarse
aggregate is used)
Tests: For every 1,500 cu.m. or fraction thereof:
a. For a source previously tested and passed quality
tests:
1-Q, Quality Test for: Grading, Bulk Specific
Gravity, Absorption and Abrasion
For every 75 cu.m. or fraction thereof:
1-G, Grading Test
D. Water
Tests: 1-Certificate from Project Engineer or 1-Q,
Quality Test, if source is questionable
E. Joint Filler
1. Poured Joint Filler
1-Q, Quality Test on each type of ingredient for each shipment
2. Premolded Joint Filler
1-Q, Quality Test on each thickness of filler for each shipment

F. Special Curing Agents

1-Q, Quality Test for each shipment
Part E – SURFACE COURSE
ITEMS OF WORK MINIMUM TEST REQUIREMENTS

Item 311 - Portland Cement Concrete G. Steel Bars

Pavement For every 10,000 kg or fraction thereof :
1- Q, Quality Test for Bending, Tension and
Chemical Analysis

H. Concrete

Flexural Strength Test on Concrete Beam Sample

1-set consisting of 3 beam samples shall

represent a 330 sq.m of pavement, 230 mm
depth or fraction thereof placed each day.
Volume of concrete not more than 75 cu.m.

I. Completed Pavement

Thickness determination by concrete core drilling

on a lot basis

Five (5) holes per km per lane or five (5) holes per
500 m when 2 lanes are poured concurrently.
Part F – BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION
ITEMS OF WORK MINIMUM TEST REQUIREMENTS

A. Bar Reinforcement for Concrete

For every 10,000 kg or fraction thereof for
Item 404 - Reinforcing Steel
each size:
1-Q, Quality Test for Bending, Tension and
Chemical Analysis
B. Wire and Wire Mesh
1-Q, Quality Test

Item 405 - Structural Concrete A. Cement

Quantity: (40 kg/bag)
Class A - - - - - - - - - 9.0 bags/cu.m. of concrete
Class B - - - - - - - - - 8.0 bags/cu.m. of concrete
Class C - - - - - - - - - 9.5 bags/cu.m. of concrete
Class P - - - - - - - - - 11.0 bags/cu.m. of concrete
Tests: For every 2,000 bags or fraction thereof
1-Q, Quality Test
Part F – BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION
ITEMS OF WORK MINIMUM TEST REQUIREMENTS
B. Fine Aggregate
Item 405 - Structural Concrete
Quantity: cu.m./cu.m. of concrete
For Rounded For Angular
Class A - - - - - 0.50 - - - - - - - 0.54
Class B - - - - - 0.45 - - - - - - - 0.52
Class C - - - - - 0.53 - - - - - - - 0.59
Class P - - - - - 0.44 - - - - - - - 0.47

Tests: For every 1,500 cu.m. or fraction thereof:

a. For a source not yet tested or failed in previous
quality test:
1-Q, Quality Test for: Grading, Elutriation (Wash),
Bulk Specific Gravity, Absorption, Mortar Strength,
Soundness, Organic Impurities, Unit Weight, % Clay
Lumps and Shale
b. For a source previously tested and passed quality
test:
1-Q, Quality Test for: Grading, Elutriation (Wash),
Bulk Specific Gravity, Absorption and Mortar Strength
For every 75 cu.m. or fraction thereof:
1-G, Grading Test
Part F – BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION
ITEMS OF WORK MINIMUM TEST REQUIREMENTS

C. Coarse Aggregates
Item 405 - Structural Concrete Quantity: cu.m./cu.m. of concrete
For Rounded For Angular
Class A - - - - - 0.77 - - - - - - - 0.68
Class B - - - - - 0.82 - - - - - - - 0.73
Class C - - - - - 0.70 - - - - - - - 0.68
Class P - - - - - 0.68 - - - - - - - 0.65
Tests: For every 1,500 cu.m. or fraction thereof:
a. For a source not yet tested or failed in
previous quality tests:
1-Q, Quality Test for: Grading, Bulk Specific
Gravity, Absorption, Abrasion, Soundness and
Unit Weight
b. For a source previously tested and
passed quality test:
1-Q, Quality Test for Grading, Absorption, Bulk
Specific Gravity and Abrasion
For every 75 cu.m. or fraction thereof:
1-G, Grading Test
Part F – BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION
ITEMS OF WORK MINIMUM TEST REQUIREMENTS

Item 405 - Structural Concrete D. Water

1- Certificate from Project Engineer
1-Q, Quality Test, if source is questionable
E. Premolded Filler for Expansion Joints
1-Q, Quality Test on each thickness of filler
for each shipment
F. Steel Reinforcement
1-Q, Quality Test for every 10,000 kg or
fraction thereof for each size
G. Concrete
Compressive strength test on concrete
cylinder samples. 1 set consisting of 3
concrete cylinder samples shall be taken
from each day’s pouring and to represent
not more than 75 cu.m. of concrete or
fraction thereof.
Part F – BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION
ITEMS OF WORK MINIMUM TEST REQUIREMENTS

Item 411 - Paints Tests :

1 – Q, Quality , One 20 – L can for every 100
cans or fraction thereof or

1 – Q, Quality, 4 – L can for every 100 cans

or fraction thereof
Part G – DRAINAGE AND SLOPE PROTECTION
ITEMS OF WORK MINIMUM TEST REQUIREMENTS

Item 500 - Pipe Culverts and Storm Drains A. Pipes

Pipe for every 50 pieces: Strength, Absorption
and Dimension
Alternative Requirements:
1-set consisting of 3 concrete cylinder samples
for not more than 25 pipes cast in the field, and
1 – Inspection Report for each size for not more
than 25 pipes cast in the field
B. Mortar for Joint
Cement, Fine Aggregates and Water – Same tests
as for Item 405
A. Cement
Item 505 - Riprap and Grouted Riprap Quantity: 3 bags/cu.m. of concrete
Test: For every 2,000 bags or fraction thereof:
1-Q, Quality Tests
B. Fine Aggregate
Quantity: 0.17 cu.m./cu.m. of concrete
Tests: For every 2,000 bags or fraction thereof:
1-Q, Quality Test for: (Same as for Item 405)
Part G – DRAINAGE AND SLOPE PROTECTION
ITEMS OF WORK MINIMUM TEST REQUIREMENTS

C. Stone
Item 505 - Riprap and Grouted Riprap
Tests: Inspection Report/Soundness Test

D. Water
Tests: 1 – Certificate from Project Engineer or
1 – Q, Quality Test, if source is
questionable

A. Cement
Item 506 - Stone Masonry
Quantity: 2 bags/cu.m. of concrete
Test: For every 2,000 bags or fraction thereof:
1-Q, Quality Tests
B. Fine Aggregate
Quantity: 0.17 cu.m./cu.m. of concrete
Tests: For every 2,000 bags or fraction thereof:
1-Q, Quality Test for: (Same as for Item 405)
Part G – DRAINAGE & SLOPE PROTECTION
ITEMS OF WORK MINIMUM TEST REQUIREMENTS

Item 506 - Stone Masonry C. Stone

Tests: Same as in Item 505
D. Water
Tests: Same as in Item 505

Item 509 - Sheet Piles A. Timber Sheet Piles

Tests: Inspection Report
B. Concrete Sheet Piles
Tests: Concrete – same as in Item 405
Reinforcing Steel Bar - same as in
Item 404
C. Steel Sheet Piles
Tests:1- Q, Quality Test or Mill Certificate
for each type of materials used
ITEM 511 – GABIONS AND MATTRESSES

A. Wire Mesh Basket

Tests: 1 – Q, Quality Test for each shipment

( Tensile Strength, Diameter of Body &
Selvedge Wire and Weight of Coating-Zinc )

B. Rock Fill

Tests: 1 – Soundness Test for each source

1 - Inspection Report on Rocks used

C. Lacing Wire and Stiffener

Test: 1 – Tensile Strength and Diameter for each shipment

ITEM 704 – MASONRY UNITS

Tests: 1 – Q, Quality Test for every 10,000 units or

fraction thereof ( Compression, Absorption
and Dimension )

ITEM 709 - PAINTS

Tests:

1 – Q, One (1) 20-L can for every 100 cans or fraction

thereof or

1 – Q, One (1) 4-L can for every 100 cans or fraction

thereof
ITEM 712 - STRUCTURAL METAL

Tests:

1 – Q, Quality Test or Mill Certificate for each type

of materials used

1 - Inspection Report for each type and shipment of

metal used
EXERCISES IN THE USAGE OF THE

MINIMUM TESTING
REQUIREMENTS
 Quality Control Procedures

1. Program of Works

2. Quality Control Program / Minimum Testing Requirements

3. Materials Sampling and Testing

4. Pretesting of Manufactured Materials

5. Inspection

6. Accomplishment of Quality Control Logbook

7. Submission of Monthly Materials Quality Control Report

8. Certificate of Quality Control Assurance Report

1. PROGRAM OF WORK
 QUALITY CONTROL PROGRAM
PROJECT: RECONSTRUCTION OF MINANGA BRIDGE ALONG NAGUILIAN –
BENITO SOLIVEN - SAN MARIANO ROAD
A. Tests to be Performed:

ITEM NO. DESCRIPTION UNIT QUANTITY NO. OF TESTS(Min.)

103 (1) Structure Excavation cu.m. 5 PEC

(AOWL)
104 (1) Emb. From Rd. Exc. cu.m. 1,805 GPC – 2, D-19 sets
Computation

400 (23a) 2000 mm. Diam. Bored Pile ln.m 336

(21,000mm)
1055.58 # = 15 sets
12667.00 Qt = 7.0 Computation

464.45 Qt = 1, G -7
717.79 Qt = 1, G -7
FA/CA

P.E.C
RSB's , FHCBP
16mm dia. Grade 40 kgs 41,810.72 Qt = 5
25mm dia. Grade 40 kgs 10,110.88 Qt = 2
32mm dia. Grade 40 kgs 160,311.36 Qt = 17
ITEM NO. DESCRIPTION UNIT QUANTITY NO. OF TESTS(Min.)

400 -24b Permanent Steel Casing ln.m 144.00 Physical Test/Inspection Report
(2.00m dia., t=10mm)

404a Reinforcing Steel Bar

12mm dia. Grade 40 kgs 1,511.00 Qt = 1
16mm dia. Grade 40 kgs 45,829.00 Qt = 5
20mm dia. Grade 40 kgs 2,423.00 Qt = 1
32mm dia. Grade 40 kgs 47,927.00 Qt = 5

GP-17,C-4,
200 (1) Agg. Subbase Course cu.m. 4811 Q-4, A – 2, CBR-2,
D-65

300 Agg. Base Course cu.m. 7474 GP-25, C-5,Q-5,

D-100, A – 3,CBR-3
Computation
 Item 311 Portland Cement Concrete
Pavement ( PCCP = 0.23M) sq. m. 34,181

Concrete Volume cum 7861.63 FS – 105 sets of CB

a. Cement bags 78617 Q – 40

b. Fine Aggregate cu. m. 3930.82 Q – 3, G – 53

c. Course Aggregate cu. m. 6053.46 Q – 5, G – 81

d. Reinf. Steel Bars, 16 mm kg. 3,000 Q–1

e. Completed PCCP, 230mm.,thk. X 3.05m 60 - cores
Computation

Item 500 Pipe Culvert, 910 mm pcs. 45 Q-1

•Alternative: In case no available Pipe Tester: 2 –sets of concrete cylinder

and 2 – Inspection Report on Casting
Item 505 Grouted Riprap cu. m.
a. Cement bags 2,500 Q-2
b. Fine Aggregates cu.m 3,450 G- 46, Q- 3

c. Stone Inspection Report

Item 505 Grouted Riprap 956 cu. m.

a. Cement bags 2869 Q-2

b. Fine Aggregates cu.m 239 G- 4, Q- 1

Soundness Test/ Inspection Report Computation

c. Stone

Next topic
Computation:

Item 103 ( 1 ) Structure Excavation No test is required, excavated

materials is wasted (PEC)

Item 104 (1) Embankment from Road Qty: 1805 m3

Excavation
_______ For every 1500 m3 or fraction thereof 1 GPC

1805 = 1.20 say 2.0 GPC

1500

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ For each 500 m2 of each layer of compacted fill or fraction

thereof at least one group of 3 – in – situ density tests.
The layers shall be placed not exceeding 200 mm in loose
measurement.
1805 = 18.05 say 19 Density Test
(0.20 x 500)
 ITEM 400 23b Quantity : 336 li.m.
Volume of Concrete = ((3.1416xD^2))x336 =1055.58 cu.m
4
For every 75 cu.m. or fraction thereof 1 set of Compression Test
Com. Test = 1055.58 cu.m. 1055.58/ 75 = 14.07 sets say 15
# = 15 sets of Concrete Cylinder
Cement : Cement Factor = 12 bags/cum; 1055.58 x 12 = 12667 bags
For every 2000 bags or fraction thereof 1 Qt
12667/2000 = 6.34 say Q = 7_ _
Fine Aggregates: 0.44 x 1055.58 = 464.45 cu.m.
For every 1500 cu.m. or fraction thereof 1 Qt 464.45/1500 = 0.31 say Q = 1
For every 75 cu.m. or fraction thereof 1 Gt 464.45/75 = 6.19 say G = 7

Course Aggregate: 0.68 x 1055.58 = 717.79 cu.m.

For every 1500 cu.m. or fraction thereof 1 Qt 717.79/1500 = 0.48 say Q = 1
For every 75 cu.m. or fraction thereof 1 Gt 717.79/75 = 9.57 say G = 10
_ _ _For every 10,000 kgs. or fraction thereof Q = 1
RSB's , FHCBP
16mm dia. Grade 40 41,810.72 kgs 41,810.72/10000 =4.18 say Qt = 5
25mm dia. Grade 40 10,110.88 kgs 10,110.88/10000 =1.01 say Qt = 2
36mm dia. Grade 60 160,311.36 kgs 160,311.36/10000=16.03 say Qt = 17
Item 200 Aggregate Subbase Qty: 4811 cu.m.

For every 300 cu.m. or fraction thereof 1 GP 4811/300= 16.03 say G,P = 17

For every 1500 cu.m. or fraction thereof Qt 4811/1500= 3.21 say Q, = 4

For every 2,500 cu.m. or fraction thereof 1 CBR & A ; 4811/2500= 1.92
say CBR = 2, A=2
( At least one-group of three in-situ density tests for each 500 m2 or
fraction thereof and for every layer of 150 mm of compacted depth.
4811 / (0.15 X 500) = 64.14 D = 65

Item 300 Aggregate Surface Course Qty: 7474 cu.m.

For every 300 cu.m. or fraction thereof 1 GP 7474 /300 = 24.91 say G,P = 25

For every 1500 cu.m. or fraction thereof Qt 7474 /1500= 4.98 Q,C = 5

For every 2,500 cu.m. or fraction thereof 1 CBR & A ;7474 /2500=2.99 CBR = 3, A=3

7474 / 0.15 / 500 = 99.65 say D = 100 ( Same as in I- 200 )

ITEM 311 PCCP Quantity : 34,181 sq. m.
Volume of Concrete : 0.23x34,181=7861.63 cum.
For every 75 cu.m. or fraction thereof 1 set for Modulus of Rapture
7861.63 /75=104.82 Say FS = 105 sets of 3 pcs Concrete Beam
Cement : 10x 7861.63= 78617 bags
For every 2000 bags or fraction thereof 1Qt 78617/2000=39.301 say Q = 40
Fine Aggregates: 0.50x7861.63=3930.815 cu.m.
For every 1500 cu.m. or fraction thereof 3930.815/1500=2.62 say Q = 3
For every 75 cu.m. or fraction thereof 3930.815/75=52.41 say G = 53
Course Aggregate: 0.77x7861.63=6053.46 cu.m.
For every 1500 cu.m. or fraction thereof 6053.46/1500=4.04 say Q = 5
For every 75 cu.m. or fraction thereof 6053.46/75=80.71 say G = 81
RSB, 16 mm dia.: For every 10,000 kgs. or fraction thereof 3,000/10,000; Q = 1
Coring Five (5) holes per km per lane or five (5) holes per 500m when 2 lanes are
poured concurrently
34,181 sqm/6.10 (width of PCCP)=5603.44/500 =11.20 say 12 x 5 = 60 holes
.
ITEM 500 PIPE CULVERT Quantity : 45 pcs. – 910 mm. dia.
Pipe, 910 mm. dia. Q = 1, ( 1 Q, for every 50 pcs. of delivered pipes
Alternative: 2 sets of concrete cylinder & 2 - Inspection Report for pipe casting
(For every 25 pcs. or fraction thereof of casted pipe 1 set of conc. cyl. & 1- I.R)
 ITEM 505 GROUTED RIPRAP 956.00 cu.m.

Grout = 1/3 of (956)=318.67 cum

Cement = (318.67) x ((3.28^3) cuft )x (.______1______ ) = 3508.42

3.0 1cum 0.936 cuft/bag

Cement : 3509 bags

Q = 2 _ _ For every 2000 bags or fraction thereof

Fine Agg. 0.25x956=239 cu.m.

Q = 1_ _ For every 1500 cu.m. or fraction thereof
G = 4_ _ For every 75 cu.m. or fraction thereof

Stone : 956-318.67=637.33 cu.m.

Inspection Report/Soundness Test
GENERAL NOTES FOR BRIDGES - SUBSTRUCTURES
Table 405.1 GRADING REQUIREMENTS FOR
COARSE AGGREGATE

Standard Alternate Class Class Class Class Class

mm US Standard A B C P Seal
63 2 ½”
50 2“ 100 100
37.5 1 ½” 95-100 - 100
25 1” - 35-70 100 95-100
19 ¾” 35-70 - 100 - 25-60
12.5 ½” - 10-30 90-100 - 25-60
9.5 3/8” 10-30 - 40-70 20-55 -
4.75 No. 4 0-5 0-5 0-15* 0-10 * 0-10 *

* The measured cement content shall be within plus(+) or minus (-) 2mass% of the design cement
content
3. Materials Sampling and Testing
 Sampling of Materials
Is the process of selecting a part (sample), which will be used to judge
the whole (lot). Sampling of construction materials should be done on the
delivered materials at the project site and not in the place where it was
purchase.

Sampling of materials shall be in accordance with the Standard Sampling

Procedures to obtained a true representative of a lot and based on the
minimum testing requirements as prescribe for the item of works.

The quantity of representative sample to be brought to a testing laboratory

should be adequate and meets the requirements for the sizes, shapes and
part of the material where it should be taken to obtain a reliable test results in
the conduct of the required physical and chemical analysis of a material that
will subjected for testing.
PURPOSE OF TAKING SAMPLES FOR LABORATORY TESTING

 Source of Approval - Samples are taken and tested to provide

approval of a material source proposed by a contractor for a
project.

 Job Control - Samples are taken on a day to day basis during

production or use of material, and include samples of material
from approved sources, production plants and at the project
site. Job Control samples are taken by the user to insure
adequate quality control.

 Acceptance - These are samples taken from a finished

product to determine compliance with the specifications. An
example would be pavement coring. The objective of
acceptance sampling is to determine a course action – reject
or accept the work. Acceptance is not a job control technique.
 Sampling from a Roadway

- Sample units shall be selected by a random method from the construction

site. Obtain at least three (3) approximately equal increments, selected at
random from the unit being sampled, and combined to form a field sample
whose equal or exceeds the minimum recommended size of samples.

- Take all the increments from the roadway for the full depth of the material,
taking care to exclude the underlying material.
Sampling from a Roadway
Sampling from the Conveyor Belt

- Select units to be sampled by a random method from the production.

Obtain at least three approximately equal increments, selected at
random, from the unit being sampled and combine to form a field
sample that’s mass equals or exceeds the minimum.

- Stop the conveyor belt while the sample increments are being obtained.
Insert two templates, the shape of which conforms to the shape of the
belt in the aggregate stream on the belt, and space them such that the
material contained between them will yield an increment of the required
weight.

- Carefully scoop all material between the templates into a suitable

container and collect the fines on the belt with a brush and dust pan
and add to the container.
Sampling of coarse and fine aggregates from the conveyor belt
 MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS FOR SUBMISSION OF SAMPLES
MATERIALS MINIMUM TESTING MINIMUM QTY./VOL.
REQUIREMENTS OF MATLS. FOR EACH
SAMPLE SUBMITTED
1. Cement 1 Sample per 2000 bags 10 kg

2. Asphaltic Matls. 1 Sample per 40 tonnes 5 L

or 200 drums
3. Asphalt Mix 1 Sample per 130 tonnes 20 kg

4. Aggregates 1 Sample per 1500 cu.m.

a. Coarse Agg. 70 kg
b. Fine Agg. 50 kg

5. Soil Agg. 1 Sample per 1500 cu.m.

a. Classification 20 kg
b. Routinary tests 50 kg
c. Moisture Density
Relation & CBR 50 kg
6. Non-Reinforced
Concrete Pipe 2 Pipes min./0.5% of no. of Pipes 2 pipes
 MATERIALS MINIMUM TESTING MINIMUM QTY./VOL.
REQUIREMENTS OF MATLS. FOR EACH
SAMPLE SUBMITTED

7. Reinforced Conc. Pipe 1 Sample per 50 pipes or

2% of no. of pipes 1 pipe (1 m length)

8. Steel Pipe (Galvanized) 1 Sample per 500 m length 2 pcs. of 100 mm

long taken from
both ends w/o
thread
9. Conc. Hollow Blocks 1 Sample per 10,000 units
a. Complete test 6 units
b. Strength 3 units
c. Moisture Content 3 units

10. Steel Bar 1 Sample per 10,000 kgs. 0.70 meter for tensile
0.60 meters for bending
11. Steel Sheet (Galvanized) 1 Sample per 1,000 sheets 1 sheet

12. Wire Strand (Strap) 2 meters

13. Gabions 1 m x 2m

14. Paints 1 Sample per 100 cans 1 ( 4L can)

1 ( 20L can)
 MATERIALS MINIMUM TESTING MINIMUM QTY./VOL.
REQUIREMENTS OF MATLS. FOR EACH
SAMPLE SUBMITTED

15. Joint Filler ( Pre-mold ) For every shipment 1 ( 400 mm x 400 mm )

16. Curing Compound For every shipment 1 liter

17. Concrete Cylinder 1 Set of 3 cylinders 1 set of 3 cylinders

for every 75 cu.m. or day of pouring ( 6” x 12” )

18. Concrete Beam 1 Set of 3 beams for 1 set of 3 beams

every 75 cu.m. or day of pouring ( 6” x 21” )

19. Concrete Core 5 cores/km/lane -

20. Asphalt Cores 1 core/100m/ lane -

21. Water Analysis
a. Chemical Analysis 500 ml
b. Sediment Analysis 500 ml

22. Structural Steel Sheet Reduced Section

(as prescribed)
 Handling and Storage of Materials
Delivered construction materials should be placed or stored in a safe
location/place to protect from contamination or the action of the weather and
to avoid damaged and to maintain the desired quality.

To prevent contamination of materials to other similar type particularly

those coming from other sources, it should be provided with separator or
partition in case of an small stockpile area, however, in case of a big
stockpile area, provide adequate distance for each type of materials
depending on sources and sizes.

Other construction materials which are sensitive to weather conditions like

cement, steel bars, etc. should be kept in a site that are protected from direct
sunlight and rain. It should not be place directly on the ground to maintain its
quality.
Storage of Cement

All cement shall be stored, immediately upon delivery at the Site, in weather
proof building which will protect the cement from dampness. The floor shall be
raised from the ground.

Provisions for storage shall be ample, and the shipments of cement as received
shall be separately stored in such a manner as to allow the earliest deliveries to
be used first ( first in – first out ) and to provide easy access for identification
and inspection of each shipment.

Storage building shall have capacity for storage of a sufficient quantity of cement
to allow sampling at least twelve (12) days before the cement is to be used.
Proper Storage of Cement
Storage of Concrete Aggregates

The handling and storing of concrete aggregates shall be such as to prevent

segregation or the inclusion of foreign materials The Engineer may require that
aggregates be stored on separate platforms at satisfactory locations.

In order to secure greater uniformity of concrete mix, the Engineer may require
that the coarse aggregate be separated into two or more sized. Different sized of
aggregate shall be stored in separate bins or in separate stockpiles sufficiently
removed from each other to prevent the material at the edges of the piles from
becoming intermixed.
 Storage of Reinforcing Steel Bars

Steel reinforcement shall be stored above the surface of the ground upon
platforms, skids, or other supports and shall be protected as far as practicable
from mechanical injury and surface deterioration caused by exposure to conditions
producing rust.

When placed in the work, reinforcement shall be free from dirt, detrimental rust,
loose scale, paint, grease, oil, or other foreign materials. Reinforcement shall be
free from injurious defects such as cracks and laminations.

Rust, surface seams, surface irregularities or mill scale will not be cause for
rejection, provided the minimum dimensions, cross sectional area and tensile
properties of a hand wire brushed specimen meets the physical requirements
For the size and grade of steel specified.
Storage and Protection of Steel Bars
TRANSPORTATION OF SPECIMENS TO TESTING LABORATORY

Concrete specimens such as beams and cylinders shall not be transported from
the field to the laboratory before completion of the initial curing.

Specimens must be protected with suitable cushioning material to prevent damage

from jarring and damage by freezing temperature, or moisture loss. Moisture loss
may be prevented by wrapping the specimens in plastic or surrounding them with
wet sand or wet saw dust.

Transport aggregate in bags or other containers so constructed as to preclude

loss or contamination of any part of the sample, or damage to the contents from
mishandling during shipment.
 MATERIALS TESTING

PHYSICAL CHEMICAL
WHY WE NEED TO KNOW & LEARN TESTING

- Project Engineers, Materials Engineers and Laboratory

Technicians who are involved in the implementation of
various infrastructures needs to learn & know testing
technology in construction materials to enhance and
strength their capabilities in the implementation of Quality
Assurance Program in a project.
HOW MATERIALS IS REPRESENTED
BY A TEST

The usual procedure is to make a test for a certain quantity of

materials representing the quantities to be incorporated into the
work or in accordance with the minimum testing requirements
prescribed in each project. The requirements specify the kind
and number of tests for each items of works.

It should be emphasized that what are specified are the

minimum number of testing only. Additional number of test
can be require to the materials if the owner/inspector is in
doubt of the quality of materials or the finished structure.
When the Testing of Materials Should Be Conducted
An aspect of testing which is very important and most often
overlook is when testing should be conducted.

Testing of material is conducted prior to incorporation into the

work.

If the test is not conducted at the proper time, there is no

quality control since it will then be too late to correct anything
that is defective.

If someone will attempt to evaluate the quality of materials

without testing he is taking a big risk because he is guessing.
 ROLE OF ENGINEERS/INSPECTORS IN THE
IMPLEMENTATION OF MATERIALS TESTING

 To insure that the highest quality of materials and work be

incorporated into the project is the primary responsibility
of engineers
 Project Engineers has the overall responsibility in terms of
materials quality control.He must have the technical know -
how in materials testing and quality control to enable to
check and regulate the use of construction materials and to
economize the cost of materials in the project.
 Materials Engineers has the primary responsibility in the
quality of materials which includes sampling, testing and
inspection, recommends for the acceptance or rejection and
recommends appropriate corrective measures to improved\
the quality of materials and works.
 DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF PROJECT
ENGINEERS IN MATERIALS TESTING
1. Ensures that materials and workmanship are at all times in
accordance with plans and specifications.

 Is authorized to reject materials which fails to meet specification

requirements even though they have previously passed the
requirements.
 Is authorized to require the contractor to discontinue operations if
the workmanship or methods employed would adversely affect the
quality,durability or appearance of the work.

 Is directly supervise the sampling testing and control as well as

check the result of test to verify the quality of materials prior to
incorporation into the work.
 May order the pre-testing/retesting of construction materials under the
conditions for acceptance of materials which have sampled and passed as
satisfactory, may be resampled and retested.
2. Ensures that inspections and tests are carried out
promptly and timely.

 Check/verify the quantities reported in the Certificate

of Quality Control Assurance (CQCA) Report and ensure
that quantities being claimed have corresponding test
results.

 Check that the required tests on materials are

conducted prior to its actual use and meets the
minimum testing requirements of the approved Quality
Control Program.

 Issue pouring permit for asphalt and concreting

works
TEST REPORTS EVALUATION,

INTERPRETATION AND

FIELD APPLICATION
 INTERPRETATION OF MATERIALS TEST
RESULTS

Who will interpret the materials test results?

- It is the responsibility of the Materials Engineer assigned in the
project either from the contractor, consultant or from the owner to
interpret the test results correctly and accurately

- Interpretation of materials test reports needs familiarization of

materials specifications and a lot of experienced in materials testing
and quality control works

- Project Engineers/Inspectors must also have the ability to interpret

and evaluate test reports of materials and must not always depend
in their Materials Engineer, hence, they have the great
responsibility in the implementation of the project
How to Interpret the Result of Tests on Materials
 The composition and properties of a material is
individually verified when it is subjected to a quality
test to verify if it meets or fails the specification
requirement prior to incorporation into the work
 The contents of the test reports of materials will
be the basis of an engineer for the acceptance or
rejection of the delivered materials in the project site.
It is the documented proof that determined the quality
of materials
 When the contents of the test reports after proper
interpretation shows that it fails or meets the
specifications requirement, the Project Engineer thru
the advise of the Materials Engineer shall immediately
act to whether utilized or not the delivered materials
to avoid delay in the project implementation
 The rejection or utilization of a material depends on the
outcome of test results. A material may fail in one or more
of its properties but still can be utilized into the work thru
the application of alternative measures and Engineers should
have good judgment and in-depth knowledge on the
properties of the materials
Example:

Soil aggregates sample fails to meet grading and plasticity requirements

Reinforcing steel bars failed to meet variation in mass requirement

Cement failed to meet loss ignition or insoluble residue requirement

 Engineers should familiarize in the significant properties of

materials so that they can immediately decide in the
acceptance or rejection. Incorrect interpretation of material
test reports can cause delay in the project implementation,
additional cost and failure of the structure
Guidelines in the Acceptance and Rejection of Materials:

a. No material shall be incorporated into the work unless and found

satisfactory.

b. The approval of preliminary samples shall not be considered a

guarantee of the acceptance of all materials from the same source,
as to the quality or quantity of such materials.

c. Any material that has been sampled and passed the standard
specifications may be re-sampled and re-tested anytime before,
during and after incorporation into the work.
 COMMON ABUSES IN MATERIALS TESTING &
QUALITY CONTROL

• No Approved Quality Control Program (QCP) for the

project prior to the start of works.

 This is happened when the Construction personnel has no coordination

with the Materials personnel. Approved Program of Work of the project
is not furnished for the preparation of quality control program.

 This practice shows that relationship of personnel in the project are in poor
situation. Construction and Materials personnel have no harmonious
relation and do not cooperate to each other during the implementation of
the project.
• Incorporation of Materials into the works without
Quality Tests
 Construction materials are being incorporated into the works
without the benefit of quality tests.

 Testing of materials were not timely done as the work

progresses. Testing are done as only compliance to the
requirement of the project for billing purposes.

• Fabrication of Test Reports on Construction Materials

 Test Reports of materials are not authentic and contains
doubtful results.

 Signatures of the personnel and officials of testing laboratory

were forged.
• Submission of Material Samples to Testing Laboratory
not truly representing the actual delivered materials on
the Project Site
 Special fabricated samples of materials were submitted to the
testing laboratory to ensure that the result of tests will passed
the required specifications.

 Materials samples of good quality were taken from good source

and not on the actual delivered materials on site.

• Actual Delivered Construction Materials is Incompatible

to the Result of Tests

 Poor and substandard materials were purchase and delivered

to the project site on the succeeding deliveries.

 Samples tested is different from the actual materials being

incorporated into the work.
• Unreliable and Dubious Test Results of Materials
 This can be only determined thru thorough review of the
worksheets of tests performed by the laboratory technician.
Inspectors with vast experience in the laboratory testing works
has the edge to distinguished this type of abuses.

• Pouring of Concrete Mix on a Structure Without

Approved Pouring Permit

 This malpractices was commonly done by the contractor in

concreting works without the knowledge/permission of the
owners field engineers/inspectors.

 Prepared structure for pouring should be properly inspected

to check its compliance to plans requirements and the
availability of the required equipment to be utilized during
pouring of mix. This malpractices is embodied in Department
Order No. 211, Series of 2000
4. Pretesting of Manufactured Materials
 Pretesting of Manufactured Materials

- to avoid delays of sending samples from the project

to testing laboratories, samples of manufactured
materials are obtained at the factory or at reputable
supplier and tested at any of the DPWH or Accredited
testing laboratories.

- Manufactured materials such as asphalt, cement, steel

bars, paints and etc. particularly in big projects are
pretested upon the instruction of Engineer and upon
verification, the pretested materials are allowed to use
upon the delivery at the job-site.
Two (2) Major Groups of Construction Materials based on
Feasibility of Sampling and Testing:

GROUP I – Pre-fabricated Structure or Component of

structure materials in this group are
sampled at the point of origin only, as it is
not practical to do so at the point of
delivery.

Example : - Structural Steel

Bailey Bridge Panel
Metal Culvert Pipe, etc…
GROUP II – Manufactures, processed or natural product
materials in this group can be sampled at
the point of origin and delivery.

Example : - Portland Cement

Asphalt Cement
Reinforcing Steel Bar
Concrete Mix
Gravel and Sand, etc…
SAMPLING, TESTING AND INSPECTION REQUIREMENTS OF PRE-
FABRICATED STRUCTURE OR COMPONENT STRUCTURE MATERIALS

If imported, the following shall be required :

- Bureau of Customs Certificate of Importation
- Mill Test Certificate and Shop Inspection Certificate
- Certificate of Inspection of material at point of delivery
by authorized government representative

If pre-fabricated locally, the following shall be required :

- Mill Test Certificate and Inspection Certificate
- Obtain samples of material at the factory by authorized government
representative before the material is cut or fabricated into the
finished size or part of the structure
- Certificate of Inspection of material at point of delivery by an
authorized government representative
SAMPLING, TESTING AND INSPECTION REQUIREMENTS ON
MANUFACTURED, PROCESSED OR NATURAL PRODUCTS

 ACCEPTANCE TEST
The results of this test shall be the basis of acceptance of
the materials.

 RE-TEST OR REFEREE TEST

The results of this test shall be final.

In case the result of the acceptance test is unsatisfactory, the

supplier shall have the option to request a re-test at his own expense.
The delivered material shall be re-sampled by authorized government
representative in the presence of the supplier or his representative.
SAMPLING, TESTING AND INSPECTION REQUIREMENTS ON
MANUFACTURED, PROCESSED OR NATURAL PRODUCTS

 PRE-TESTING
Pre-testing of material is applicable to materials manufactured in bulk,
such as portland cement, asphalt reinforcing steel bars, etc…
Arrangement shall be made with the concerned implementing office to
assign a Materials Technician who shall obtain the necessary samples at
the plant.
If the result of the test is satisfactory, the Material Technician, upon
receipt of the test report, shall identify the stock represented, witness the
loading of the material and issue a Pretesting Certificate.
The material may be re-sampled at the point of delivery at the option
of the consignee especially if there are evidences of deterioration or
tampering. Otherwise, the Pretesting Certificate shall be the basis of
acceptance of the material.
5. Inspection
INSPECTION

 An activity which is complimentary to quality control

 It is done on items of works not subject to testing. Such things as proper

placing of forms, building up an embankment in layers, benching of the
hillside prior to filling, placing of reinforcement or curing of concrete are
encompassed by inspection.

Purpose of Inspection

- The purpose of inspection is to ensure that the materials and workmanship

provided by the contractor comply with the requirements of the project.
 When should inspection be done ?

- Like in testing, it is also important that inspection be done at the

proper time and should be done as the work progresses.

Therefore, inspectors assigned in the field should be competent,

experienced, and committed to public service. They should also be
familiar with the approved plans and specifications and various DPWH
issuances relative to quality control and construction procedures.
6. Accomplishment of Quality Control
Logbook
 Accomplishment of Quality Control Logbook

Control Logbook should not only accomplished by the Project

/Resident Engineer stating the daily construction activities in the
project but another Control Logbook which the daily entries of
activities undertaken relative to sampling,testing, inspection and
other quality control activities/comments in the project shall be
properly encoded by the concerned Materials Engineer assigned
in the project.
Materials Quality Control Logbook shall contain any information
and/or observation relevant to materials quality control and shall
be duly signed or initialed by the Materials Engineer.

Logbook must be kept available at all times for inspection.

 ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE OF MATERIALS LOGBOOK

Date and Day _ _ _ _ March 10,2005 / Thursday

Weather _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ A.M…Clear PM…….Clear
Project Activities:
a. Compaction of the fill materials, Item 105 was done with sheepsfoot roller at
Sta. 1+600 to Sta. 2+000
b. Screening of coarse aggregate from Bauan River was done at the batching plant
for use for Item 405
c. Preparation of reinforcing steel bars for concrete pouring of double culvert at Sta.
2+105.70
Materials Quality Control Activities:
a. Field Density test were performed by Contractor’s men at Sta. 1+700 and Sta. 1+800 and supervised
by government Materialsmen R. Cruz. We reported that two test were made and the samples for
moisturre content were brought to the pproject laboratoory, wieghed and dried under my supervision.

b. Sieve analysis was conducted on screened coarse aggregates for use for Item 405 for checking of the
required gradation and the results was reviewed by me.

c. Checked the size and spacing of rebars installed at double culvert at Sta. 2+105.70 for compliance to
approved plans.
(SGD.) JUAN DELA CRUZ
Materials Engineer
7. Submission of Monthly Materials and
Quality Control Report
 MONTHLY MATERIALS REPORT
The Materials Engineer shall prepare and submit to the Project
Engineer a Monthly Materials Report containing the tests conducted
and their results conducted on the materials placed or incorporated
based on the Quality Control Program.
The materials test and quality control report shall consist of the
following:
a. Status of tests performed and the balanced of tests as required
in the approved Quality Control Program
b. Summary of field and laboratory tests

c. Back-up test results of all field and laboratory tests

d. Photographs and Inspection Reports covering materials used

during the month.
8. Certificate of Quality Control Assurance
Report ( CQCA )
CERTIFICATE OF QUALITY CONTROL ASSURANCE (CQCA)

- In the DPWH engineering works, it should be emphasize that

Quality Control is the responsibility of the contractor while
Quality Assurance is the responsibility of the Implementing Office
(Owner).

Certificate of Quality Control Assurance (CQCA) is an assurance

report prepared and accomplished by the project implementing
office stating the accomplished quantity per item of work as the
work progresses and certifying the quality of materials and works.

It is accomplished and submitted weekly by the Materials Engineer

and both duly signed by the concerned Project Engineer and
Materials Engineer and it is a required documents when a contractor
is requesting for payment of progress billing.
 __________________________
Date

CERTIFICATE OF QUALITY CONTROL ASSURANCE

Project : _______________________________________________________
Contractor: ____________________________________________________________
We hereby certify that we have conducted an inspection and verification on
work accomplished on the above – mentioned project for the period _______________.
We further certify that we found that the quality of materials in the following items of
work corresponding to the quantity accomplished conforms with the Standard
Specifications and Special Provision of the Contract, viz:

Item No. Description Quantity Accomplished

__________ _______________________________ _________________________
__________ _______________________________ _________________________
__________ _______________________________ _________________________

_______________________ ______________________
Project Materials Engineer Project Engineer

Note: To be submitted every quarter of the month

1 st report 1–7
2 nd report 8 – 15
3 rd report 16 – 22
4 th report 23 – 30/31
Basic Testing Equipment
Basic Laboratory Testing Equipment
Basic Field Testing Equipment
BASIC LABORATORY TESTING EQUIPMENT

DEPARTMENT ORDER No. 80, series of 1990

Inclusion of the Minimum Materials Testing Requirements in the

Prequalification of Contractors.

Minimum materials testing requirements shall be on as “ per contractor

” basis, and not on “ per project ” basis, i.e. the equipment may be
used to service several on-going projects of the contractors.
 BASIC LABORATORY TESTING EQUIPMENT
MINIMUM MATERIALS TESTING EQUIPMENT

SMALL CONTRACTORS MEDIUM CONTRACTORS LARGE CONTRACTORS

1. Set of Sieves including cover Similar to Minimum Materials Similar to Minimum Materials
and brush, fine & wire sieve Testing Equipment of small Testing Equipment of medium
contractor plus:Vertical Capping contractors plus :
2. Mortar & Paste
Set
3. Liquid Limit Test Set including 1. Mechanical CBR Apparatus
Plate complete with accessories
4. Hammer, Modified 2. Volumetric Flask
Compaction
3. Sand Absorption Cone and
5. Compaction Mold Tamper
6. MC Can 4. Specific Gravity Test Set for
coarse aggregates
7. FDT Test Set
5. Los Angeles Abrasion Machine
8. Triple Beam Balance ( 0.01 g
and 0.1 g sensitivity ) 6. Thermostatic Controlled Oven
9. Heavy Duty Solution Balance 7. Core Drilling Machine complete
(20 kg capacity, 1 g with accessories
sensitivity)
8. Centrifuge or Reflex Extractor
10. Post Hole Auger
 BASIC LABORATORY TESTING EQUIPMENT
MINIMUM MATERIALS TESTING EQUIPMENT
SMALL CONTRACTORS MEDIUM CONTRACTORS LARGE CONTRACTORS

11. Double Graduated Glass 9. Marshall Stability Apparatus

Cylinder complete with accessories
12. Mixing Bowl
13. Square Pan
14. Spade or Shovel
15. Pick Axe
16. Crowbar
17. Steel Cylinder Mold
18. Steel Beam Mold
19. Slump Cone Set
20. Dial type Metal Thermometer
21. Concrete Measure
22. Steel Straight Edge
23. Portable Concrete Mixer
Basic Field Testing Equipment
LIQUID LIMIT & PLASTIC LIMIT TEST MOISTURE DENSITY RELATION
(Compaction Test)
1. Liquid Limit Device
1. Rammer
2. Mixing Dish
2. Compaction Mold
3. Spatula , Flexible
3. Spatula , Flexible
4. Graduated Cylinder
4. Graduated Cylinder
5. Moisture Content
5. Moisture Content Can
6. Triple Beam Balance, 311 g capacity &
0.01g sensitivity 6. Triple Beam Balance, 2610g capacity &
0.01g sensitivity
7. Plate / mixing glass
7. Standard sieve 19 mm (¾”)
8. Standard sieve #40 ret. 200
8. Pan
9. Thermostatic Controlled Oven
110 ± 5oC 9. Thermostatic Controlled Oven
10. Pan 110 ± 5oC
1. Standard sieve 200 dia. opening 75 mm (3”) 11. Standard sieve 200 dia. opening 1.18 mm (No.16)
2. Standard sieve 200 dia. opening 63 mm (2-½”) 12. Standard sieve 200 dia. opening 0.600 mm (No. 30)
3. Standard sieve 200 dia. opening 50 mm (2”) 13. Standard sieve 200 dia. opening 0.425 mm (No. 40)
4. Standard sieve 200 dia. opening 37.5 mm (1½) 14. Standard sieve 200 dia. opening 0.300 mm (No.50)
5. Standard sieve 200 dia. opening 25 mm (1”) 15. Standard sieve 200 dia. opening 0.150 mm (No.100)
6. Standard sieve 200 dia. opening 19mm (¾”) 16. Standard sieve 200 dia. opening 0.075 mm (No.
7. Standard sieve 200 dia. opening 12.5 mm (½”) 200)
8. Standard sieve 200 dia. opening 9.5 mm (3/8”) 17. Pan, brass 200 mm dia. X 50 mm deep
9. Standard sieve 200 dia. opening 4.75 mm (No. 18. Cover, brass sieve
4) 19. Triple Beam Balance, 2610 g capacity
10. Standard sieve 200 dia. opening 2.36 mm (No.8) 20. Pan (rectangular)
1. Triple Beam Balance, 2610 g capacity
2. Sand Density Cone
3. Jug, Glass or Plastic, 4 L capacity
4. Density Plate
5. Straight Edge
6. Spoon
7. Chisel, steel
8. Moisture Can
9. Mallet, rubber
10. Scoop, sand
11. Oven with temperature control
12. Standard sieve 200 dia. opening 19 mm (¾”)
13. Calibrated sand passing &10 ret. Sieve 200
SLUMP TEST:
SLUMP TEST:
1. Slump Cone
Same with Structural Concrete
2. Trowel
3. Tamping rod
4. Scale

GRADING TEST (FA) GRADING TEST (FA)

Same on Sieve Analysis of Soil Same on Sieve Analysis of FA
Aggregates Structural Concrete
Sieve size 3/8” (9.5 mm) Sieve size 3/8” (9.5 mm)

GRADING TEST (CA) GRADING TEST (CA)

Same on Sieve Analysis of Soil Same on Sieve Analysis of CA
Aggregates Structural Concrete
Thermostatic Controlled Oven Thermostatic Controlled Oven
110 ± 5oC 110 ± 5oC
 BASIC FIELD TESTING EQUIPMENT
CONCRETE MICROMETER

The micrometer is used to accurately measure the diameters of six (6) inch-concrete
cylinders and the dimensions of six (6) inch-cubes ( or metric equivalent ).
It is used to measure the dimensions of concrete test samples to ensure compliance
with specifications.
 BASIC FIELD TESTING EQUIPMENT
CONCRETE TEST HAMMER

For the non-destructive testing of the surface of hardened concrete in order to

evaluate the strength in various parts of a structure.
 BASIC FIELD TESTING EQUIPMENT
3 – METER STRAIGHT EGDE

The DPWH Standard Specifications require the testing of surface regularly of

rigid and flexible pavement using a 3-meter straight – edge.
In concrete pavement, areas showing high spots of more than 3 mm but
not exceeding 12 mm in 3 m shall be marked and immediately ground
down. Where the departure from correct cross section exceeds 12 mm,
the pavement shall be removed and replaced.
In asphalt pavement, the variation of the surface from the testing edge of
the straight – edge between any two contacts with the surface shall not
exceed 6 mm. All humps or depressions exceeding the specified
tolerances shall be corrected by removing defective work and replace it
with new material as specified.
 BASIC FIELD TESTING EQUIPMENT
CRACK DETECTION MICROSCOPE

EYEPIECE
SCALE - turn
to align with
crack direction

KNURLED
KNURLED KNOB - turn
RING - to focus the
loosen & twist microscope
to center
beam of light
then tighten

The microscope is a precision instrument which can accurately measure the

width of cracks in hardened concrete structures or pavement. It can be used
to estimate the depth and nature of the cracks.
 BASIC FIELD TESTING EQUIPMENT
HALF-CELL DIGITAL CORROSION METER

The apparatus is designed to investigate the corrosion potential of steel

reinforcement bars in hardened concrete, in structures, and to rapidly survey
areas affected by corrosion.
 BASIC FIELD TESTING EQUIPMENT
DYNAMIC CONE PENETROMETER

It uses an 8 kg
weight dropping
through a height of
575 mm and a
cone having a
20mm diameter.

The TRL DCP (DYNAMIC Cone Penetrometer) is an instrument designed for the
rapid insitu measurement of the structural properties of existing road pavements
constructed with unbound materials.
 BASIC FIELD TESTING EQUIPMENT
SKID RESISTANCE & FRICTION TESTER

Used for the measurement of surface friction properties, the apparatus is

suitable for both site and laboratory applications and for Polished Stone Value
tests using curved specimens from accelerated polishing tests.
 BASIC FIELD TESTING EQUIPMENT
AUGER POWER HEAD

Used in conjunction with sampling tubes to obtain disturbed or

undisturbed samples of soils.
 END
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