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Logic Gates
INTRODUCTION
A logic gate is an elementary building block of a digital circuit. It
makes “logical decisions” based on the different combinations of
digital signals present on its inputs. Digital logic gates may have
more than one input but generally only have one digital output. Most
logic gates have two inputs and one output.
Knowledge Cloud
A gate is a digital circuit that is designed for performance a
particular logical operation. As it works according to some logical
relationship between input and output voltages, so it is generally
known as “LOGIC GATES”
1. AND gate:
The AND gate is a basic digital logic gate that implements logical
conjunction - it behaves according to the truth table. A HIGH
output (1) results only if both the inputs to the AND gate are
HIGH (1). If neither or only one input to the AND gate is HIGH, a
LOW output results. In another sense, the function of AND
effectively finds the minimum between two binary digits, just as
the OR function finds the maximum. Therefore, the output is
always 0 except when all the inputs are 1.
We will start with a 2 input AND gate. The symbol for a 2 input
AND gate is as follows.
A
Q
B
The truth table for the 2 input AND gate is shown below.
Inputs Output
B A Q
0 0 0
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 1
4
Q A.B
2. OR gate:
The OR gate is a digital logic gate that implements logical
disjunction - it behaves according to the truth table. A HIGH
output (1) results if one or both the inputs to the gate are
HIGH (1). If neither input is high, a LOW output (0) results. In
another sense, the function of OR effectively finds the
maximum between two binary digits, just as the complementary
AND function finds the minimum. We will start with a 2 input
OR gate. The symbol for a 2 input OR gate is as follows.
A
Q
B
Inputs Output
B A Q
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 1
Q = A+B
A Q
The truth table for a NOT gate is the simplest of all Truth Tables
and is shown below.
Input Output
A Q
0 1
1 0
QA
4. NAND gate:
In digital electronics, a NAND gate (negative-AND) is a logic
gate which produces an output that is false only if all its inputs
are true; thus its output is complement to that of the AND
gate. A LOW (0) output results only if both the inputs to the
gate are HIGH (1); if one or both inputs are LOW (0), a HIGH
(1) output results. It is made using transistors. By De Morgan's
theorem, AB=A+B, a NAND gate is equivalent to inverters
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followed by an OR gate. The NAND gate is significant because
any Boolean function can be implemented by using a
A
Q
B
The truth table for the 2 input NAND gate is shown below.
Inputs Output
B A Q
0 0 1
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0
Q A.B
5. NOR gate:
The NOR gate is a digital logic gatewhich behaves according to
7 the truth table. A HIGH output (1) results if both the inputs
to the gate are LOW (0); if one or both input is HIGH (1), a
LOW output (0) results. NOR is the result of the negation of
We will start with a 2 input NOR gate. The symbol for a 2 input NOR
gate is asfollows.(Next page)
A
Q
B
The truth table for the 2 input NOR gate is shown below.
Inputs Output
B A Q
0 0 1
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 0
8 Q = A+B
0 0 0 1 0 1
0 1 0 1 1 0
1 0 0 1 1 0
1 1 1 0 1 0
The following table gives a list of the common logic functions and
their equivalent Boolean notation.
AND A.B
OR A+B
NOT A
NAND A .B
NOR A+B
Knowledge Cloud
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Integrated Circuits
INTRODUCTION
An integrated circuit (IC), sometimes called a chip or microchip,
isa semiconductor wafer on which thousands or millions of tiny
resistors, capacitors, and transistors are fabricated. An IC can
function as an amplifier, oscillator, timer, counter,
computer memory, or microprocessor.
Result
We had mainly discussed about the design, property and operation
of various logic gates
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Bibliography
I would like to declare the array of references hereby and submit
that I took help from following sources
2. Wikipedia.com
The Online Encyclopedia indexing world’s best articles with genuine
references
3. TCYonline.com
An online video tutorial and educational Centre
4. Meritnation.com
The leading educational site in India
5. http://projects.icbse.com/forums
Online help for CBSE projects
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