AiA 2017 TRG Manual (Final) - 16 Jun

Fauji Foundation Education System
FLASH Summer Training 2017
Adventures in Attitude (AiA) 2017
Inspection, Evaluation & Training Department

Welfare Division Education
Adventures in Attitude (AiA) Year of Initiating Change 2017
INSPECTION, EVALUATION & TRAINING DEPARTMENT Page 1 of 54

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Ser Contents Pages
1. Preface 3
2. About AiA 4-5
3. Poem 6
4. Chapter 1: Attitude Awareness 7-9
5. Chapter 2: Understanding 10-18
6. Chapter 3: Personality 19-23
7. Chapter 4: Problem-Solving Skills 24-28
8. Chapter 5: Work 29-35
9. Chapter 6: Purpose and Goals 36-39
10. Chapter 7: Personal and Professional Development 40-48
11. Poem 49
12. Appendices 50-54
13. Contributions 55

PREFACE
By the grace of Almighty Allah, the model of professional support, which the IE&T Deptt
has developed over the last 14 years engages teachers as learners, enquirers and fosters
a culture of collaboration and dialogue. Since its establishment in 2003, the IE&T Deptt
has encouraged teachers to reflect on the values and principles which underpin their
teaching and to share with their colleagues the insights which arise from such reflection.
The department has provided opportunities to teachers not only to talk to each other about
their work, but to work together, and to learn from each other.
AiA provides a workable framework that contains a clear picture of how to develop positive
attitude and help students to be well-rounded individuals. The manual also serves as a
blue print to help the faculty to improve their understanding and practices for providing
education for holistic development of students in a more systematic and focused way.
You can help us in assisting future trainings by letting us know what is missing, and how
the training / manual could be improved.
Together we can make a difference!

IE&T Department

About AiA
We are embarking on the most exciting journey of our life. This adventure into our
attitudes can be a turning point that will give us an entirely new dimension to our thinking
and our life.
Life has an unlimited amount of success, happiness, joy, and fulfillment waiting for us.
We can experience this abundance, however, only to the degree that we recognize and
accept it, and are conscious of it. This awareness process is dependent on our mental
attitudes, the ways that we think.
Rollo May, a psychologist, said, “The more self-awareness a person has, the more alive
they are.’ Awareness of our inner self will give us a deeper understanding of our life and
the unsuspected stores of energy, ability, and perception that we possess. Awareness
through interaction and sharing with others is one of the purposes of AiA. Growth is
another objective. Only to the extent that we grow does our life really become fulfilled.
Stop growing and we will, for all practical purposes, stop living
There are many other objectives – inner strength, personal effectiveness, increased
ability to relate to others, a greatly expanded achievement and productive capacity,
personal management capability, and other characteristics that enable us to fulfill our life
experience to a vastly greater extent than we may have previously been aware.
Principles of self-dependence and development of our inner resources
• Our mind works like a computer. The computer (mind) determines how we function in
relation to our environment, job, people and self.
• The output (our life!) of the computer (mind) depends on the input or manner in which
it is “programmed.” This programming is done by our attitudes (ways that we think
about people and things).
• The attitudes “programmed” into the computer (mind) control our behaviour, feelings,
inner self, and outer personality. These characteristics determine our reactions to
others and others’ reactions to us.
• A healthy mind can, in most cases, choose attitudes. We have been so programmed,
consciously and unconsciously, that we have lost power to choose. In spite of the fact
that we know our attitudes are wrong, we are unable to change, AiA will strengthen
this power to choose the best attitudes in any set of circumstances.
• Many of these attitudes about ourselves and what we can accomplish are negative.
They form “resistors” in our computer. One purpose of AiA is to remove the “resistors”
or build circuits around them.
AiA will help us search our memory system for those attitudes that are acting as resistors,
holding us back, impeding our effectiveness, causing others to respond negatively toward
us, and keeping us away from achieving complete fulfillment in our life experience.
By using new attitudes for programming our computer (mind) will experience immediate
changes in all parts of our life, our feelings, our physical well-being, and our personality.

New plateaus of achievement will be reached, our effectiveness in our daily work will be
greatly increased, and our ability to gain favorable responses from people will be
enhanced. Life will flow effortlessly and naturally without discord, frustration, or strain.
How is all this done? AiA makes it possible for us to do it all for ourselves. It is an example
of the proverb that says, “If you give someone a fish, you will satisfy immediate hunger;
but teach people how to fish, and they will never be hungry again.”
One of the objectives of AiA is to provide you the opportunity to become a more effective
person by strengthening the inner resources and mental attitudes needed to put these
skills into positive action for positive results.
Training Rules
Important Terms

CHAPTER 1 ATTITUDE AWARENESS
Topics
• Attitude – Types and major components of attitude
• Understanding Yourself/Awareness - Who Are You?
• Preparing SWOT analysis - Strengths And Weaknesses
• Turning Weaknesses into Strength/Removing Personal Roadblocks
• Improving the Self-Image - Attitude Tool Kit
SMART Objectives/Learning Outcomes

By the end of the chapter, participants will be able to:
• Define attitude and identify its major components
• List down positive and negative attitudes
• Describe SWOT analysis
• Compare their strengths with weaknesses
• Describe their fears/threats and find out ways to remove these roadblocks
• Make a plan to improve their self-image
Reflective Corner
1. What attitude did you bring into this course? Make a list of your positive and negative attitudes.
2. Write down your strengths and weaknesses, which of your lists is longer? Concentrate more
on professional traits instead of personal qualities.
3. List five tasks which you want to do but hesitant to perform/fear the most.
4.

What is Attitude?
Origin
Late 17th century (denoting the placing or posture of a figure in art): from French, from
Italian attitudine ‘fitness, posture’, from late Latin aptitudo, from aptus ‘fit’.
Oxford Dictionary
• A settled way of thinking or feeling about something.
• A feeling or opinion about something or someone, or a way of behaving in a
particular situation.
Merriam Webster Dictionary

• A mental position with regard to a fact or state.
• A feeling or emotion toward a fact or state.
• A bodily state of readiness to respond in a characteristic way to a stimulus (such
as an object, concept, or situation).
Business Dictionary
A predisposition or a tendency to respond positively or negatively towards a certain idea,
object, person, or situation. Attitude influences an individual's choice of action, and
responses to challenges, incentives, and rewards (together called stimuli).
http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/attitude.html
Types of attitude
• A helpful attitude
• A negative attitude
• An optimistic attitude
• A positive attitude
• A caring attitude
• An uncaring attitude
Four major components of attitude

(1) Affective: emotions or feelings.
(2) Cognitive: belief or opinions held consciously.
(3) Conative: inclination for action.
(4) Evaluative: positive or negative response to stimuli.

AWARENESS - Who Are You?

It has been discovered that successful people see and
visualize their own capacities and abilities. They have INSIGHTS
a clear, positive “self-image.” Most people find it rather Write down your key thoughts
difficult to talk about who they are, about their inner • The self-image
feelings, and about themselves. They can talk about • Masking - In what ways do
what they have done or their opinions about things, but you “mask”?
they feel uneasy about exposing their inner selves.
In talking about yourself do you deliberately avoid discussing your private self, the inner
you? How do you feel about talking about yourself?
In our lives, we see many people “masking.” They are covering up the inner self, their
doubts, feelings, inferiority, and concerns about what the insight think of them. They
“mask” with everything from their clothes, cars, homes, and offices to their personalities.
It has been suggested that these people are almost fearful of letting others know who
they are. What are your thoughts on this?
STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES
Assessing your strengths

Identify your strengths. Make a list of your skills, dividing them into three categories:
• Knowledge-based skills: Acquired from education and experience (e.g.,
computer skills, languages, degrees, training and technical ability).
• Transferable skills: Your portable skills that you take from job to job (e.g.,
communication and people skills, analytical problem solving and planning skills)
• Personal traits: Your unique qualities (e.g., dependable, flexible, friendly,
hardworking, expressive, formal, punctual and being a team player).
Examples of strengths are as under:
Action-Oriented Adventurous Analytical Artistic
Athletic Authentic Caring Clever/Intelligent
Compassionate Charming Communicative Confident
Courageous Creative Curious Determined
Disciplined Educated Empathetic Emotional
Energetic Entertaining Fast Flexible
Focussed Good-Looking Helping Inspiring
Intelligent Leadership Learning Motivated
Optimistic Open-Minded Organized Outgoing
Patient Precise Responsible Self-Controlled
Communication Spontaneous Social/People skills Strategic Thinking
Team-Oriented Thoughtful Trustworthy Visionary
Warm Willpower Wisdom Enthusiasm
Trustworthiness Versatility Discipline Patience
Respectfulness Determination Dedication Honesty

Assessing your weaknesses

Identify the weaknesses by:
• Being critical to yourself
• Finding the ways that are damaging you
• Discovering unfamiliar/latest trends in the profession
Examples of weaknesses
Aggressive Arrogant Bossy Chaotic
Close-minded Complaining Contemptuous Controlling
Cynical Fearful Greedy Hesitant
Ill-informed Impatient Impulsive Indifferent
Insensitive Intolerant Irresponsible Lazy
Lethargic Loose-tongued Mistrustful Moody
Naïve Negative Obstructive Passive
Prejudiced Reckless Rude Selfish
Shallow Short-sighted Shy Sloppy
Stubborn Slow Strict Undisciplined
Vague Wasteful Ignorant
Turning Weaknesses into Strengths

There can be strengths in weaknesses! Everyone has weaknesses and limitations. The
fact that they have them is unimportant. How they respond to them is important. Many
suppress them, hide them, run away from them, or let their weaknesses control and limit
their lives. Others have achieved greatness because of the way they have responded to
their weaknesses or limitations.
Helen Keller overcame tremendous obstacles. Blind, deaf, and mute after an illness at
the age of nineteen months, she later said,
I thank God for my handicaps!

I seldom think about my limitations, and
They never make me sad. Perhaps there is
a touch of yearning at times; but it is
vague, like a breeze among flowers. The
best and most beautiful things in the
World cannot be seen or even touched.
They need to be felt with the heart.
Perhaps one of your weaknesses is listlessness or lack of drive and energy at times.
Sometimes you may get “down in the mouth,” have feelings of discouragement or despair
that hold you back. Everyone has the same feelings. But what do you do about them?
Face them? Force yourself to face the day with courage and do your best anyway?

How to Respond to Your Weaknesses

What are your weaknesses or limitations? Do you feel
awkward with strangers? Have bad days? Lack courage
“Know thyself”
to take chances? Feel inferior to handling certain Socrates
situations? Or perhaps you have physical limitations of
appearance, form, or coordination. What do you do about
them? The best way to handle these questions is to:
• Admit the weaknesses first.
• Minimize the negative trait and emphasize the positive
• Select a weakness and come up with a solution to overcome it.
Another way of saying the same thing is the old advice of doing the thing you fear the
most, e.g., A person doesn’t like to speak in front of others? He/She has to force
himself/herself to volunteer to take on assignments that require talking in front of others.
Doing the Thing You Fear the Most
Doing the thing you fear the most is not an easy task, is insurmountable/unmanageable
or it cannot possibly be overcome.
Remember that what the mind can conceive, it can achieve; believe in yourself. It might
be that it only takes the removal of a brick or two, brick by brick.
The Three As of Awesome

1) Attitude – Having the right attitude to overcome adversities in life
2) Awareness – Being alive and alert to the little things that make life “as good as it gets”
3) Authenticity – Being truthful to oneself, and knowing what one truly wants
Neil Paricha
Develop Weakness as Power

Motivate yourself to face the weaknesses and limitations can be the very nourishment
that builds your personal effectiveness and confidence. You can turn them back into the
soil of your character to give it strength and maturity.
Motivate yourself to face the weaknesses. They can be the stepping stones that help you
become the “master of your fate!”
Habitual bad attitudes are often the product of past experiences and events. Common
causes include low self-esteem, stress, fear, resentment, anger and an inability to handle
change. It takes serious work to examine the roots of a harmful attitude, but the rewards
of ridding ourselves of this heavy baggage can last a lifetime.

ATTITUDE TOOL KIT – Improving Self-image

Ten strategies to improve our attitude:
1. Self-Coaching Through Affirmations. Affirmations repeated several times each
day, every day, serve to reprogram the subconscious with positive thinking. An
affirmation is made up of words charged with power, conviction and faith. Sending
a positive response to our subconscious triggers positive feelings and in turn, drive
action.
2. Self-Motivation Through Discovering Your Motives. Discover what motivates/

incites us to take action to change our life. Basic motives include love, self-
preservation, anger, financial gain and fear. Self-motivation requires enthusiasm,
a positive outlook, a positive physiology (walk faster, smile, sit up), and a belief in
oneself and innate potential.
3. The Power of Visualization. Visualization works well to improve attitude. Nelson

Mandela has written extensively on how visualization helped him maintain a
positive attitude while being imprisoned for 27 years. “I thought continually of the
day when I would walk free. I fantasized about what I would like to do,” he wrote in
his autobiography.
4. Attitude Talk for Positive Internal Dialogue. Attitude talk is a way to override our
past negative programming by erasing or replacing it with a conscious, positive
internal voice that helps us face new directions. The internal conversation/little
voice acts like a seed to program our brain and affects our behaviour.
5. The Power of Words – Watch our Words (WOW). Once released to the universe,
our words cannot be taken back. Learn the concept of WOW—watch our words.
What we speak reflects what is already in our hearts based upon all the things we
have come to believe about ourselves. If we find ourselves speaking judgmental
and disparaging things about our circumstances or those around us, we know the
condition of our hearts needs to change.
6. The Power in a Positive Greeting. Most people enjoy working and living with
others who try to live life for what it is—a beautiful gift.
7. Enthusiasm - Vital Tool for Staying Motivated. Enthusiasm is to attitude what

breathing is to life. Enthusiasm enables us to apply our gifts more effectively. It’s
the burning desire that communicates commitment, determination and spirit.
Enthusiasm means putting oneself in motion. It’s an internal spirit that speaks
through the individual’s actions from his/her commitment and belief in what he/she

is doing. It is one of the most empowering and attractive characteristics one can
have.
8. Connecting to our Spiritual Empowerment. The ultimate level of human needs

extends into the spiritual realm. Just as we feed our bodies in response to our
primary need to survive physically, we need to feed our spirit because we are
spiritual beings. Many people find powerful and positive motivation in their faith.
9. Lighten Up the Life with Humour. Humour is a powerful motivator. The more
humor and laughter in the life, the less stress we’ll have, which means more
positive energy to help in putting the attitude into action. There are also health
benefits to lightening up.
10. Exercising to Help Keep Motivated. One of the best ways to move to a more
positive and motivated frame of mind is to exercise. A regular exercise routine can
provide relatively quick positive feedback and a sense of doing something positive.
Pedal to the Metal (to make something go forward or increase as fast as possible).
• The real growth is the ability to develop strengths from the weakness.

Chapter 2: UNDERSTANDING
CONTENTS
• Understanding Others
• Helping Others Become Successful
• The Key to Good Relationships/Roles and Responsibilities
• The Challenge of Change
SMART Objective/Learning Outcomes

By the end of this chapter, participants will be able to
• Recall their learning of self-concept and discuss the next step in developing positive attitude
• Reflect back and talk about the given examples of how to help others become successful.
• Relate the concept of The Key to Good Relationships to their Roles and Responsibilities as
the participants of this trg course as well as part of school team.
• Explore the dimensions of challenge of change and relate their role as a teacher to meet the
challenges of 21st century teacher in teaching students learn adaptability.
Reflective Corner
1. A realistic and positive self-concept is the key to developing understanding and right attitude
towards life. How?
2. How do you see ‘person’ from ‘non-person’? How would you feel when you are a ‘person’
and when a ‘non-person’? When you were a “person” what was your attitude toward the
“non-person”? As a “non-person” what was your attitude toward the “person”?
3. Explore your school’s openness to change by thinking about what you need to do to ensure
success.
4. Today is the age of rapid change. How do you see it affecting you? What big changes did
you see in your professional/school life recently? How have they affected you? What is your
reaction?
5. Make a realistic plan, set targets and mention at least seven steps you would take to adapt
the change in your personal and profession life?

Developing Understanding
The formula for success is not too complicated. To become successful in life you have
to get things done. There are only three ways that you can get something done.
✓ Do it yourself ✓ Get help ✓ Give help
All three ways need us to develop understanding, i.e., understanding self and
understanding others.
Doing it yourself requires us to develop an understanding of self (Self-concept). As

discussed in the previous chapter, understanding self is the first step in developing a
positive attitude. The term self-concept is a general term used to refer to how someone
thinks about, evaluates or perceives themselves. To be aware of oneself is to have a
concept of oneself. Self-concept is an important term for both social psychology and
humanism. When we discuss attitudes towards ourselves, we realise that
• Meeting oneself face to face is difficult
• Discussing one’s feelings about oneself is difficult
• Bringing your self-concept into open could be a valuable step in analysing who
you are, what you can do and where you are going.
• When asked to list our strengths and weaknesses, most of us tend to list more
weaknesses than strengths. This implies that:
o Perhaps our attitudes about ourselves are being affected more by our
weaknesses than our strengths.
o We have taken for granted many of the strengths and natural abilities we
have and ignored them in our day to day thinking about ourselves
o And the way we verbalise affects the way we think and act. When we use
negative words, they become our masters. They cause us to do negative
things. Words used positively build our self-confidence, success, day to
day living and even our health.
In short, a realistic and positive self-concept is the key to developing understanding

and right attitude towards life.
Understanding Others
Getting and Giving Help needs. The first way, doing it yourself, is an effective way to get
something done, but it is rather limiting. You can only become as successful as your own
time and effort will allow. Studies have shown that those achieving outstanding success
have done it by expanding their efforts through others.
That means that they have learned to get things done by getting or giving help.
Giving help means that you can get things done, become successful, by helping others get
things done. In other words, you become successful yourself by helping others become
successful.

Example. A Principal/Vice Principal/Section Head becomes successful by helping the

faculty become successful when they help students become successful. The employees
become successful only when helping the organistion or the employer
So, getting some principles for helping others become successful is important for your own
success.
Helping Others To Become Successful

Your role as a teacher has several dimensions. As a faculty member, you are an employee,
a team member, a colleague (a junior and also a senior) at the same time. As a teacher, you
are an action researcher, a curriculum planner, an evaluator, a director, a mediator, a guide
and a facilitator. Every dimension of your role is equally important and demands discrete
attention. To perform your role effectively, you need to give and get help, of course in
addition to doing it yourself. Here is how you can do it:
• Helping others as a faculty/ team member:
o Remove All Negative Thoughts. Clear you mind of envy, jealously, and fear that
others will get ahead of you. What if they do?
They will bring you along with them. This INSIGHTS
happened to a sales manager we know. A
senior teacher helps a newly inducted teacher Write down your key thoughts
get to know school ethos, learn the main • The self-concept
SOPs and adapt to the new environment. So, • Helping others
good, in fact, that the senior teacher is
considered as a strong candidate for the
position of the Vice Principal/Section Head.
The less-experienced/newly inducted teacher continues to give 100 percent on the
job, also helping the senior faculty members in tasks she/he has expertise in. Results
and quality of environment are analysed and the management on feedback of senior
team members and students’ results assigns some very important responsibilities to
the new teacher. The young/new teacher who gave 100 percent becomes one of the
most trusted and respected team member.
o In short, your interest in helping others must be genuine. It is free from the feelings
of self-pity, envy, or jealousy of the other person’s success. To achieve a sincere
attitude of helping others be successful, follow these guidelines:
✓ Do not help people merely for your own selfish gain.
✓ Do not help people simply to get them to do things for you.
✓ Do not help people just to win their favour.

• Helping Others – Students/Trainees
o Expect Them To Be Successful. An amazing phenomenon has been uncovered in

recent years about the powerful influence of one person’s expectations on another’s
behaviour. People will fulfill the role that is moulded by other’s expectations. This is
particularly true of young people starting their careers. Their attitudes, responses, and
behaviour throughout their careers are strongly influenced by what the first manager
expects of them and the way they are treated.
The powerful influence of your expectations on another’s behaviour is an awesome

responsibility. It means you should always hold your mind the worthwhile
characteristics of an individual and treat the individual accordingly. Build a picture in
your thoughts of what the person can do and become.
The next principle is a step in that direction.
o Become A Talent Scout. When you are a teacher, there are talents to be uncovered
in people around you, particularly in students. Give encouragement to the talents you
see in them. Compliment them, assure them, and stimulate them to make the best
possible use of their potential abilities. Let’s see some real-life examples of how
encouragement stimulated the talent to show its best:
✓ A now-famous actor says, “When I was 18 years old, a man put his hand on my
shoulder and said he believed in me. He thought I had talent. He changed my life
from delinquency and waywardness to one of ambition.”
✓ A highly respected elected public official remarked, “I never would have gotten out
of private business if a good friend had not convinced me that I had the leadership
and ability of public service.”
Every teacher would like to have people talk and think about them in this way. There
is not anything more satisfying than to be a teacher who helped his/her students build
a successful life. So as a teacher, you must become a talent scout among people and
put your discoveries into words of encouragement.
All these principles and the concept of helping others become successful boils down
to just one thing. You acquire the attitude of believing in others; you have faith
and confidence in the nobler characteristics of others.
o Train them to Understand others

World of today is rapidly changing. Your students have born in the times of globalization.
They begin playing with technology, i.e., smart phones, tablets, smart gadgets and hence
have more exposure to knowledge, information, history, current affairs and geography than
their elders.
Across a student’s lifetime, their world will change and change again. They are likely to see
industry reshaped, medical advancements, and huge changes to technology. In their own

life too, they will begin school, transition to further education or work, move out of home,
get settled in life, and retire from work. To navigate this ever-shifting world, young
people will need to be adaptable.
We, as educators, sometime do focus on young people’s resilience, very little we focus
on their ability to adapt. Resilience refers to individuals’ capacity to deal with adversity,
while adaptability refers to their capacity to respond to uncertainty, change, and novelty.
A research published in the Journal of Educational Psychology, tells of a test of

adaptability of 969 high school students from nine secondary schools. Adaptability was
assessed through a series of questions in a survey. These questions revolved around
uncertain or changing situations and asked students to rate how effective they were in
responding to those situations.
They found that there were three parts to adaptability: behavioural, cognitive, and
emotional.
The behavioural part involves adjusting one’s actions or behaviour in response to

uncertainty and novelty, the cognitive involves adjusting one’s thinking and the
emotional involves adjusting one’s positive and negative emotions.
Young people who are more adaptable are more likely to participate in class, enjoy
school, be more satisfied with life, have higher self-esteem, and have a more concrete
sense of meaning and purpose in life. The effects of adaptability also go beyond any
effects of personality and prior achievement. Adaptability, therefore, emerges as a potent
factor in academic and non-academic outcomes.
Teaching adaptability
The results of this study have implications across the school community – for teachers
and for parents – irrespective of the region or culture. Students in Pakistan face the same
issues and need the same training in adaptability as students in any other part of the
world.
o Helping students become more understanding others/adaptable

At school, students will often be faced with changing lessons, a different teacher, new
work groups, new academic skills and tasks, social group dynamics, new sporting or
creative challenges – and so on. One advantage of unpacking adaptability into its three
components (behavioural, cognitive, emotional) is that advice and guidance can be
developed in specific and concrete ways.
When it comes to students behaviour for example, we can encourage students to seek
out new or more information or take a different course of action when faced with a new
situation. This can be as simple as:
• asking a teacher for some good reading on a new topic or reorganising their study
timetable based on a test announced that day.

• thinking about the opportunities a new situation might create or not assuming that
change is a bad or undesirable thing can make a big difference.
• Learning to minimise disappointment and maximise enjoyment when circumstances
change. Or indeed, keeping a level head when in a winning position.
• Drawing students’ attention to some new tasks as they arise and guide them through
the behaviours, thoughts and emotions essential to succeed on those tasks. For
example, as students make the transition from one class/year group to another, or
embark on a new subject, teachers may identify ways students can adjust their
behaviours (such as increasing effort, asking for help), control their thinking
(challenging pessimism, self-doubt), and manage their emotions (keeping fear or
anxiety in check).
Like most skills, young people greatly benefit from clear and direct guidance from
competent and caring adults.
If you do not put in efforts to keep up with the pace, you won’t be ‘teaching’ them anything
as syllabus is not limited to the books only. You need to relate what you are teaching to
their everyday life/observation/ experience. In order for them to learn what you have
planned to teach should have some practical value. So, the field a teaching is changing
at the same rate the world is changing. This is the rule of life.
The Key To Good Relationships/Roles And Responsibilities

Man is a social animal. Be it a home maker or a professional, you have to live and deal
with others all the time. So, the quality of relationships among those living/working
together matters a lot in one’s life. The way you treat and relate to others depends on
your attitudes and feelings about others. You think of others generally as “persons” or
“non-person”. It is almost impossible for you to hide or mask these feelings and attitudes
towards others. Having good relationships depends on the way you communicate these
attitudes and how others feel about them.
The deeply human person is almost naturally endowed with empathy. This person feels
for all of humanity. This person laughs, cries and suffers with those around him.
Great leaders, individuals who have learned to use their vicarious imaginations.
Empathy is really the emotional characteristic of the Golden Rule. Do unto others as you
would have them do unto you. But before you know how to do unto others, you have to
know how you would like them to do unto you.
You would want them to understand your rights and perform their responsibilities for
smooth functioning. Once everyone follows this rule, empathy prevails. For a teacher, it
is very important to have good relationships with all stakeholders of the school, i.e.,
management, faculty/colleagues, staff, students and parents. To work in an organised
manner, it is important to layout the rights and responsibilities so that everyone plays their

part in developing good relationships. Below are given some roles and responsibilities
that are generally performed during trg course as well as in the schools.
Familiarisation with these roles and responsibilities is crucial for developing good working
relationships and empathetic working environment. The same model/description can be
used by the teachers to ensure efficient performance of all the appointment holders in
faculty and students, both.
The Challenge Of Change.

Humanity’s greatest problem in the days ahead may not be environment pollution,
population growth global warming, or the nuclear bomb. It may be the acceptance of
change as a way of life.
o Why do we resist change? When a person is forced to change a basic belief or

viewpoint, the brain undergoes a series of nervous sensations equivalent to the most
agonizing torture. People find it difficult to change. They fear the uncertainty of
change. They often see it as a threat to their security. It upsets their established
patterns of behaviour. So, they resist change. How resistance affecs an organisation?
o Embracing the change. So, the change is inevitable. You, as an individual, have to
face the change. As far as your organisation is concerned, you can be part of the
problem or you can be part of the answer. Following can help one to be a part of
answer, i.e., to embrace the change:
o Don’t Fight It. Don’t fight it. Accept it and learn to enjoy as part of the adventure
of life. Be among those rare, treasured individuals within an organisation who says,
“Let’s get behind these changes the organisation feels are necessary and see what
we can do to make them work!”
o Change is inevitable. The world has been changing rapidly since its creation. The
point is that there is nothing contemporary or modem about this problem of change.
It probably existed when people started cooking food with fire. It is not change,
but a person’s reaction to change that is the problem.
o Change is a fact of life. Learn to live with it. Your organisation/work life is going
to change. The people around you are going to change. Your environment, your
tools of living, and your communities are going to change. Society, culture, and
technology are all going to change. So, to adapt to the change:
o See the Bigger Dimension. Learn to look for the bigger picture, the significant,
larger values gained by change. It is true that most change occurs through sacrifice
and inconvenience, but the ends usually justify the frustrations. You will be happier
individual if you train yourself to hold in our mind the ultimate benefit of change
rather than the apprehensions, the fears, and the hardship that change might

temporarily impose. When talking about the bigger dimension in teaching

learning:
o Develop Habits of Change. You live

your life by habit. You’ve trained yourself Three principles of Understanding
from infancy to respond and behave as 1. Learn to accept the difference in
you do. Breaking habits can be mighty others (accept them as they are)
unpleasant. Change is difficult because 2. Hate the things, not persons
it means changing habits. Why not make 3. Forgive
change a habit? Why not make your life
a little more fun by learning to live with
change instead of routine?
o Look for The Benefit. Out of every change comes some personal benefit to you
if you look for it with enough faith and persistence. Look for the bigger and better
opportunity rather than becoming mired in self-pity! Being transferred? Personnel
changing? Job becoming obsolete? Lay-offs planned?
o Challenge of Change for Students-Tomorrow’s opportunities. Change,

uncertainty, variability, transition and novelty are a reality of life. The extent to
which young people effectively respond to this reality will have a significant bearing
on their life course – beyond the influence of other important factors such as
resilience and personality. Young people can be taught how to be more adaptable,
and then in turn better embrace the opportunities of their ever-changing world.
If you want to be a giant among people and have a profound effect on them and the
direction of their lives, then develop the ability to believe in people. If you do, people will
return your gift a thousand-fold; they will fill your cup with joy, friendship, love, recognition,
and priceless contributions to your own success and happiness!
Giving Help
Help people become what they are capable of becoming. That is the key!!

CHAPTER 3 PERSONALITY
Topics
• Personality
• Determinates of Personality
• Leading by Attitude and Personality
• Principles to follow in developing a more pleasant personality
• Remember to Smile\The Pleasing Personality
• Tips for Teacher’s Personality Development
• Tips for Children’s Personality Development

• Define personality and identify determinates of personality
• Differentiate between personality and attitude
• Highlight the importance of smile and list down ways to carry a pleasant smile
• Discuss the tips to develop well-rounded personalities of both teachers and students
• Make a plan to improve your smiling habit
Reflective Corner
1. How can a teacher/school play an important role in children’s personality development?
2. Describe determinants of personality and list down at least five ways to improve the
personality/self-image of your students (above average, average and below average).
3. People don’t smile enough. Why? How does a smile affect others?
4. Define smile. Differentiate between “Smile for” and “Smile at”.
5. Humility is the realization of the importance of others. What part does humility play in
showing appreciation for others?

What is Personality?
Every individual has his/her own characteristic way of behaving, responding to emotions,
perceiving things and looking at the world. No two individuals are similar. Our likes and
dislikes are different.
In a layman’s language, how we behave in our

Personality is defined as “Attitudes in
day to day life reflects our personality. How an
Action.” Our actions, our behaviours,
individual behaves depends on his family
are really a reflection of attitudes and
background, upbringing, social environment/ self-images.
status, etc.
Determinants of Personality. Following are the factors which help in shaping one’s
personality:
1. Heredity - Heredity refers to factors that are determined once an individual is
born. An individual’s physique, attractiveness, body type, complexion, body
weight depends on his/her parent’s biological makeup.
2. Environment - The environment to which an individual is subjected to during his
growing years plays an important role in determining his/her personality. The
varied cultures in which we are brought up and our family backgrounds have a
crucial role in shaping our personalities.
3. Situation - An individual’s personality also changes with current situations and
circumstances. An individual would behave in a different way when he learns
from his/her surroundings and his/her behavior changes automatically.
Leading by Attitude and Personality
We exist in a world of people. To get along in this world we want to have a personality
that is pleasant. People do not become leaders by skill or knowledge but by
attitude and personality.
Personality development is defined as a process of developing and enhancing one’s

personality. It helps an individual to gain confidence and high self-esteem. It also has a
positive impact on one’s communication skills and the way he sees the world. Individuals
tend to develop a positive attitude as a result of personality development.
We can develop a more pleasant personality by following the five basic principles. The
principles are not easy. They require practicing the attitudes of understanding, humility,
empathy, and confidence. These principles will not only help us to enhance our attitude
and personality but also to improve our skills of leading others.

Five Basic Principles to follow in developing a more pleasant personality:
Principle 1: Let the

Principle 2: Work Principle 3: Avoid
other person give
hard to make the ignoring others – Do
feedback and
other person not pout, sulk or
advise you (without
successful. carry grudges.
argument).
Principle 5: Take
Principle 4: Learn discourtesies, and
to understand injustices calmly,
others’ weaknesses. even the ones you
don’t deserve.
Tips for Teacher’s Personality Development. Following tips will help teachers to groom
themselves:
• Smile a lot. Smile not only helps in enhancing an individual’s personality but also
winning other’s heart. A teacher must wear a smile while interacting with students,
parents and colleagues. Smiling always has a positive effect on others. When asked
for their opinion people are more apt to answer positively when a smile accompanies
the question.
• Think positive. Always think positive, an essential trait of one’s personality. It helps
to minimize the negative thinking about minor things and motivate an individual to
find out solutions. A teacher must be flexible and always look at the broader
perspectives of life.
• Dress Sensibly. Dressing sensibly and smartly go a long way in honing one’s
personality. A teacher must dress up gracefully and sensibly as per his/her body
type, height, physique, etc.
• Be soft-spoken. Be polite with others. Do not always find faults in others. Fighting
and quarrelling lead to no solution. A teacher must be very careful of what he/she
speaks and refrain from being rude and short tempered with students.
• Leave the ego behind. An individual need to hide his ego everywhere he goes to
win appreciation from others. A teacher must win the hearts of their students by
developing an effective relationship. An individual who is good from within is loved
by all.
• Act as a team player. Learn to appreciate others. A teacher must properly

collaborate with his/her colleagues and appreciate their efforts for the improvement
of the school.

• Help others. Always help others and share knowledge. A teacher must be helpful
and facilitate students’ learning.
• Confidence. Confidence is the key to a positive personality. A teacher must be

confident while planning, presenting and evaluating his/her day to day working.
• A Patient listener. Be a patient listener. A teacher must be a good listener so that

she/he can listen to and solve the problems of children.
SMILE!
A smile is a way of writing your thoughts on you face. It is a way of animating pleasant
feelings. It comes from within.
• Smile for yourself in the mirror the first thing in the morning.
• Smile for your family, your relatives, and your neighbours.
• Smile for people at work the clerk, darogah, aya, your collagues, and students
• Smile for people in the elevator, on the street, on the way, and in the stores.
• Smile, Smile and Smile…….…………………….
HOW TO SMILE!
Try smiling different ways. Use the vowel method. Look at yourself in the mirror. Now
with a smile say the vowels.
A “A” comes a friendly/amused smile.

E “E” is the greeting smile.
I “I” is a laughing smile.
O “o” is a shy, clever smile.
U “U” is a casual smile.
Smile! Add joy and brightness to your days and the days of others. There is no gift you
can give as inexpensively as a smile. The habit of smiling can be a valuable source of
strength in facing those situations that might otherwise cause you to sink in
discouragement and despair.
Make today a happy day for yourself and others.

Smile!
It’s a good habit to start.

Tips for Children’s Personality Development. The school plays an important role in
personality development of the children through following activities/skills:
• Academic Skills. The school's role is to bring each child to his/her individual,
maximum academic potential through curricular activities; however, its effectiveness
varies from school to school.
• Life Skills. The school helps children to become expert in life skills such as problem
solving, decision making, through effective conduct of co and extra-curricular
activities.
• Communication Skills. The school plays an important role in helping children learn
to interact positively with their peers and teachers. They learn about healthy
relationship and develop effective communication skills, both in the classroom and
on the playground.
According to Shere, "The emotional and social maturity of a child provides the
important underpinnings for personality development in all other areas. When
educators ignore children's emotional and social development, this can often lead to
adults who are very academically gifted but who struggle in their daily lives due to
lack of self-esteem and/or social skills."
• Character Building and Self Concept. The school provides lessons on reading,
writing and arithmetic, from the very beginning it also focuses on helping children
learn about compassion, respect, empathy
and integrity. It begins with basic INSIGHTS
lessons/activities such as raise your hand Write down your key thoughts
to speak, ask permission to go out, • The Pleasing Personality
rotational seating plan, class • Humility
responsibilities, completing tasks/
assignments on time, respecting teachers
and others, performing assigned duties, etc. By the time children finish the school,
they have a fairly firm grasp on the beliefs and values.
• Broadening Horizons. The school provides maximum opportunities, which help to

shape their viewpoint of the world around them. For example: co awareness
programmes about media, health, values, manners, traditions and cultures through
co and extra-curricular activities such as morning assembly, tutorial day, IRP/GRP,
field trips, etc.

• Teacher’s Self-conduct. Children learn behaviour in a class, if a teacher

shouts/yells at students when they misbehave, it embodies that it is alright for
students to yell at others in similar situations. Therefore, teachers’ self-conduct
must be exemplary since students catch (what they see) more than learn (what is
being imparted).
• Classroom Rules. A classroom where students are encouraged to discuss, listen

and respect other children’s different points of view and solve problems
collaboratively will help students learn to do the same in their daily life. Teachers
should devise classroom rules to facilitate the discussion and promote
collaborative learning activities.
• School/Class Displays. Illustrations, pictures and literature manifesting moral

values themes should be displayed to embed the concept in whole school ethos.
• School Library. School library is the heart of a school with learning at its core.
Values-based books (provided by the Edn Deptt) must be utilized during library
period, tutorial day and in library-based assembly.
In Short, to develop the various facets of personality of children, curricular activities must
be supplemented with co and extra-curricular activities. All of these experiences help to
develop a child's interest, build self-esteem and shape his/her personality.
Humility is an important attitude and necessary for successful living. Humility is

the realization and emphasis of the importance of other people. Humility is not the
same as false modesty, inferiority, or running down one’s self.
• Learn to make little changes in your personality.
• Set self-example for your children.
• Out of every change comes some personal benefit to you if you look for it with
enough faith and persistence.

CHAPTER 4 PROBLEM-SOLVING SKILLS
Topics
• What is a problem?
• Two common features of a problem
• How to handle problems
• Problem with problem solving
• The problem of self-concern
• Problem-Solving attitude
• Seven steps for solving problems
•
•

• Make a plan to improve child’s self-esteem/self-image
Reflective Corner
1. How do you define a problem? Can problems play any role in bringing a positive
change in personality? Discuss.
2. List down at least ten hurdles of self-concern. Mention your constructive and
destructive self-concern with examples.
3. What are some of the problems you have on the job? How do you solve them? Write
three solutions with each problem.
4. Describe two features of a problem. How do you use them to solve students’ academic
as well as behavioural problems?
5. Does attitude matter in problem solving? How?

What is a problem?
The word problem is a very general term used to define an unsettled situation or question.
Most people believe they have a
problem when they feel a problem. It The Concise Oxford Dictionary (1995) defines a
is an emotional disturbance. In a way, problem as:
they are right. If a person feels there
is a problem, then that person has a “A doubtful or difficult matter requiring a
problem; although in many cases, solution”
and
these feelings are a greater problem “Something hard to understand or accomplish
than the problem itself. In other or deal with.”
words, the symptoms are more
serious than the illness.
So, the first step in handling any problem is to examine our own feelings, viewpoints, and
reactions to the problem. Your own attitude is by far the most significant element in facing
a problem.
Two Common Features Of A Problem. All problems have two features in common:
goals and barriers.
1. Goals
Problems involve setting out to achieve some objective or desired state of affairs
and can include avoiding a situation or event. Goals can be anything that you wish
to achieve, where you want to be. If you are hungry then your goal is probably to
eat something, if you are a head of an organisation CEO then your main goal may
be to maximise achievements. In the example of the head of an organisation the
main goal may need to be split into numerous sub-goals in order to fulfil the
ultimate goal of improving results. Write down your goals as a teacher/Section
Head/Vice Principal/ Principal.
2. Barriers
If there were no barriers in the way of
We can’t solve problems by using
achieving a goal, then there would be no the same kind of thinking we used
problem. Problem solving involves when we created them.
overcoming the barriers or obstacles
~Albert Einstein~
that prevent the immediate achievement
of goals.
Following above examples, if you feel hungry then your goal is to eat. A barrier to
this may be that you have no food available - you take a trip to the supermarket

and buy some food, removing the barrier and thus solving the problem. For the
CEO wanting to increase profits there may be many more barriers preventing the
goal from being reached. The CEO needs to attempt to recognise these barriers
and remove them or find other ways to achieve the goals of the organisation.
Self-Analysis
Mention the barriers you might face in achieving your goals.
Discuss new and innovative ways for handling fears and worries. At work? At home?
How to Handle Problems?

We all solve problems on a daily basis, in academic situations, at work and in our day-to-
day lives. Following indicators help in handling a problem:
1. Is attitude the problem?

The great determining factor in disposing off problems is to ask yourself, “Is the
situation a problem, or is it my reaction to the situation that is the problem? Is it always
a problem when people don’t act the way you think they should or when situations
don’t exist the way you feel they should? It’s a pretty good analysis to make before
wasting time, effort, and thought on a problem.
2. Is it worth the effort?

Over 90 percent of the problems people worry about are really nonexistent, or are
resolved naturally without anything being done. However, it is difficult to do because
of the degree of an individual’s emotional involvement in problem situations.
3. People are uptight about problems.

People are very serious about problems. The end result is that they inhibit their
effectiveness in handling the myriad of little decisions and day to day problems that
arise. The tension and anxiety surrounding problems is not inherited; it is learned. It
starts at an early age.
4. Nothing may be the problem.

Make decisions to act! Be a doer! Make things happen! Failing to act doing “nothing”
may be the problem.
“There is no more miserable human being than one in whom nothing is habitual
but indecision,”
William James.
5. Decisions are irrevocable.

We are taught from early childhood that there is only one right solution for a problem.
Consequently, we tend to make no decision for fear of making a wrong one.

Decisions are the safety valves of problems. Some people are taught to exist with
problems rather than making decisions about them. That makes problems awful.
Children are taught that their decisions are final and absolute. They have to live with
their decisions that once made, can’t be changed. The result is that they avoid
making decisions. They become fearful of them. And the right-wrong decision
syndrome is a major stumbling block in problem solving.
6. Overlearning Can Be A Cause.

A person who becomes too involved in method, definition, technology, and process
can impair the smooth, quick, decisive action most problem situations require.
Sometimes an individual can overlearn about problem solving. It’s like a brain surgeon
being called in for a simple headache. A couple of aspirin would be much better.
Problem With Problem Solving

The most common problem with problem
solving is trying to find a solution right away. INSIGHT
That's a mistake because it tries to put the Write down your key thoughts
solution at the beginning of the process, when • Gaining Self-Discipline
what we need is a solution at the end of the • Understanding Adolescence
process.
The Problem/Hurdle Of Self-Concern

“Self-concern” is a rather common expression for anxiety, interest, or worry about one’s
self. It is a characteristic of human nature that is taken for granted. It should not be passed
off so casually. “Self-concern” is the cause of most unpleasant emotional feelings that
one has in relationships with others.
Self-Analysis
Think about that for a moment. If you can recall recent experience with others that have
caused you to be upset you will find “self-concern” to be the root of the problem.
You may be upset because a friend does not return a borrowed book. It is not concern for
the friend but concern for yourself and a possession of yours that upsets you.
You may have been irritated because the driver of another car honks the horn at you. You
become emotionally aroused because of concern for the way you have been treated.
In these encounters with others, whether at home or work, “self-concern” keeps showing
up as the biggest hurdle in getting along with others.

Self-Concern on the Job.

This is a good principle to practice to train yourself to be less concerned about yourself.
Self-concern about what others think of you can be a real restraint on your self-
development and achievement. Nervousness when you speak before others, shyness,
introversion, being ill at ease in a strange gathering, and uneasy feelings of self-
consciousness when you are with others are all caused by concern of what others will
think of you.
Many people do not get ahead in life because they do not step forward with their ideas;
they find it safer to say, “I can’t.” They do not take risks because of what others will think
of them.
Employers put off making intelligent changes for fear the employees won’t like them.
Some people become churning cauldrons of emotion, keeping their conflicting opinions,
hurt feelings, and disagreements bottled up within them. They believe if they open up
others will think badly of them.
Living in constant concern about what others might think of you is not a healthy way to
relate to yourself or others.
Following these suggestions is not a simple task. It requires mental control and constant
vigilance over your attitudes. It is “other-person concern” rather than “self-concern” that
is the foundation of leadership. Leadership roles are usually lonely positions. People are
not lined up taking turns being concerned about the leader. Uppermost in their minds is
what the leader is going to do for them!
Controlling Self-concern
Is there a way of controlling self-concern? Perhaps we can learn how by looking at the
people who have overcome, to some extent at least, the dilemma of self-concern. There
are names for such people. They are called “leaders,” “good managers,” and “experts at
getting along with others.” They are people who generally show more concern for the
feelings of others than they do for themselves. In fact, if you want a formula for successful
leadership you might start with this one:
to the extent to which you are able

to transform your
“self-concern” into
“other people concern.”
will you be able to gain a favorable
response from others.
To achieve this, you have to be able to accept yourself as you are, confident of your ability
to function effectively as a human being without being favoured, coddled, humoured, or
pampered by others.

Examine Your Feelings of Self-Concern.

• Constructive Self-concern. Not all feelings of self-concern are bad. Ambition,
regard for personal appearance, standards of conduct, a sense of values, and
pride in your work are worthwhile attitudes stemming from concerned for the type
of person you are. This is constructive self-concern.
• Destructive Self-concern. This is characterized by selfishness, fear, doubt,
having to get your own way, requiring special treatment from others, resistance to
seeing things from the other person’s viewpoint, and reluctance to change.
Realize the benefits of controlling “self-concern.

If you keep in mind that you will be the winner, the one who benefits the most from learning
to overcome destructive self-concern, it will spur you on to the effort.
An individual start worrying about health and the very act of worrying will tend to create
poor health. Or person becomes concerned about not being treated right by others, and
that very concern develops a sort of hostility and belligerence that stimulates more
negative responses from others.
It requires a sizeable amount of will power and discipline to control the vicious circle of
destructive self-concern, but the effort will generate a positive response from others.
Self-Analysis. Are your feelings of self-concern constructive or destructive?

Destructive self-concern, it will spur you on to the effort.
• Do they lead to worthwhile accomplishments and favorable responses in
others?
• Do they keep you in a constant turmoil of worry, depression, resentment, and
feelings of hostility toward others?
Problem Solving Attitude
Three Ways to Solve Problems:

1. You can change the situation.
2. You can change the person.
3. You can change yourself.
Seven Steps for Solving Problems
1. STEP 1: Define the Problem. Ask yourself, “What is the problem?” State it as
specifically as possible, giving attention to all facets of the problem. Kettering said, “A
problem well defined is half-solved.”

2. STEP 2: Define the Results That Are Expected. Without applying any solution,
determine the best possible results that would be achieved by solving the problem.
Even though these results are not realistic, they should be carefully set forth because
they will be used as a guide for selecting a solution.
3. STEP 3: Collect Information Facts, And Opinions. Collect as many facts and
opinions as you believe may be necessary to provide insights into the problem. Be
careful that you do not use fact gathering as an excuse for putting off solving the
problem.
4. STEP 4: Creatively Generate All Possible Solutions. Gather all possible solutions,
no matter how wild they might seem. This is a brainstorming process where all
possible solutions are collected, regardless of who, where, or by what means they are
assembled. This step is a test of the objective problem solver.
5. STEP 5: Choose the Best Solution. This is the step in which you choose a solution
that determines a course of action for your final step considering all of your solutions.
6. STEP 6: ACT! Implement the Solution. Act! Start acting on the solution. Keep in
mind that more problems are unsolved by no decision than by wrong decisions. Define
the actions you need to take to solve the problem. Be as specific as you can. It is
helpful to prioritize your actions into those that must be taken first to reach the
objective or result you expect to achieve by solving your problem.
7. STEP 7: Evaluate Results in a Timely Manner.

Actually, there are usually several workable solutions for any problem. Any one may
be tried and changed if found inadequate.
In Short, problems can be acted upon, situations altered, conditions managed, and
progress achieved. Many problems have to be acted on continuously with no perfect
solutions ever available. It’s like eating. What to eat at every meal is a problem. The
problem is acted upon and relieved for a time. Then it presents itself again. It may be
acted upon a little differently each time.
In fact, handling problems can be fun and self-satisfying. All you need is your own
intuition, judgment, a few simple steps, and practice.

CHAPTER 5 WORK
Topics
• Attitudes About Work
• The Best Kept Secret
• Cause And Effect Of Work
• Why Don’t People Work
• Generating Motivation - Positive Attitude at Work

• Discuss importance of work in our daily life and identify attitudes about work
• Highlight the cause and effect of work
• Evaluate the concept of “The Best Kept Secret” in the life of successful people
• Explore the facts about the statement “why don’t people work”
• Describe an important role of motivation in developing positive attitude towards work
Reflective Corner
1. Describe your attitudes toward your daily activity (job, maintaining a home, etc.) in
terms of interest and satisfaction.
2. What negative attitudes, if any, do you have towards your day-to-day activities/work?
3. You hear a lot about “self-made successes,” but you never hear the term “self-made
failures.” Still, they both refer to the same process. Explain what this means. How do
you feel about this?
4. Define motivation, list down at least five ways to generate motivation
5.

WORK – DEFINITION
Work - Merriam Dictionary

• An activity in which one exerts strength or faculties to do or perform
something
• A sustained physical or mental effort to overcome obstacles and achieve
an objective or result
• An activity that a person engages in regularly to earn a livelihood people
looking for work
• A specific task, duty, function, or assignment often being a part or phase of
some larger activity
Work - Cambridge Dictionary

• Noun (ACTIVITY) -An activity, such as a job, that a person uses physical or
mental effort to do, usually for money
• Noun (CREATION)-Something created as a result of effort, especially
a writing book, painting, or piece of music
• Noun (PLACE) - A place where a person goes specially to do their job
Attitudes About Work

Motivation is, in many cases, the difference between success and failure. Often an
individual who has no great gifts of intelligence knowledge or skill will enjoy immense
success simply because that individual is greatly motivated and has the ability to work
hard day in, day out.
Motivation stems from attitude. To become motivated, it is necessary to subtract negative
attitudes, to clear the channels of the mind in order to allow the flow of thought that gives
the body energy and drive. This is fused with strong positive thought that will sustain
interest, desire, and constant motivation.
The Best Kept Secret

Somehow, the world seems to be unwilling to admit that simple, good, old-fashioned hard
work can be the basis of success. Studies are constantly done to determine personalities,
childhood characteristics, education, intelligence, methods, techniques, and the rationale
of successful people. The fact that they work hard is shoved aside as some strange
coincidence.
Those who are successful often find they really don’t know how or why they succeed.
When questioned they often pass it off as just “hard work”. So, the best-kept secret of
success seems to be that success, strangely enough, is always preceded by hard work.

People read books, go to meetings, take courses,

attend conventions, and probe frantically in all INSIGHT
Write down your key thoughts
directions for new secrets and methods for
• Generating motivation
achieving success. But somehow, they almost • Finding your inner force
deliberately avoid admitting the answer was right
before them all the time. Work! Human effort!
It is so uncomplicated and logical that ordinary work is the fountain of achievement that
people who have not reached the levels of their aspirations do not seem to want to admit
to themselves that their failure can be attributed to the lack of such a conspicuous
ingredient as work.
Cause And Effect Of Work.

It takes no genius to figure out that the very rudimentary Cause and Effect Principle is the
most appropriate explanation linking accomplishment and work. Whenever there is a
human achievement (effect) there needs to be effort expended (cause).
Just start expending more effort – work a little bit more and you cannot help getting greater
results. Perhaps you won’t get results in proportion to the full effort expended, but you will
get results. And results are what count in this world.
If as a teacher, you want to enhance your competence, it is not necessary to wait for
some training or higher education, look for a better way/prospects. Observe more people!
It is true that you may not get the return on your time that you would spend to search/
research.” But your additional work will get you some results. And continued extra effort
expended over a long period of time can mean results of considerable size with
substantial rewards to you.
Why Don’t People Work?

Since work is such an obvious pathway to the very things people say they want, why is it
so difficult to get people to work harder?
B.C Forbes says, “Whether we find pleasure in our work or whether we find it a bore
depends entirely upon our mental attitude toward it, not upon the task itself.”
Your motivation depends, in large part, on whether you look upon your activity as a source
of enjoyment or a source of drudgery.
The labels we put on activity seem to have something to do with this. The word “work”
stimulates an unpleasant response. Then we fasten the word “hard” in front of it, and it
becomes even more unpleasant. “Hard work” seems to imply there is something
distasteful about human effort applied over an extended time to an activity for which there
is compensation rendered.

If we change words by label the time on job as “recreation” or “hobby”, we get a different
emotional response or may be the barrier toward working goes deeper than surface
emotions.
Generating Motivation - Positive Attitude at Work

Maintaining a positive attitude in the workplace can be difficult at times because you may
have to deal with stressful tasks and challenges on a daily basis. You may easily feel
fatigued and frustrated before the deadlines and obstacles. However, positive attitude
plays a big role in your career life. With a positive attitude, you are more likely to see
career success and a reduction in stress. You will have healthier body and enjoy better
interpersonal relationships. Given all the benefits, you may want to foster a positive
attitude as soon as possible. Now let's find out how to do it.
How to Maintain Positive Attitude at Work

Keeping a positive attitude in the workplace is quite challenging considering the stressful
nature of modern day business. Still, you can try the following tips to maintain an overall
positive attitude.
1. Know Your Negative Thoughts

Identifying your negative thoughts will help make necessary changes to your
attitude to think positively. Ask yourself why you are unhappy with your job. Try to
figure where your complaints and hatred come from. This is the first step to build
a positive attitude.
2. Improve Your Assertive Skills

Do not shy away from experimenting a little with communication strategies. Say
something positive in response to everything you hear to make your conversations
more positive. Maintaining a positive outlook will make others do the same–you
will be amazing to see how contagious it really is.
3. Respect Your Colleagues

You are more likely to have a positive attitude at work when the work environment
is harmonious. Give your colleagues respect if you want respect in return. This will
also go a long way in making work relations less stressful. Try to find merits from
your colleagues. Working this way throughout the day will make you leave your
workplace feeling much better about yourself.
4. Do Not Mix Work and Personal Life

You have to learn how to leave your work at work and live your personal life without
discussing the stresses of your job. Making positive changes to your routine–go to
the gym, take a short walk, etc., to help you realize that you are no longer at work.
Pursuing personal interesting outside of your job will make you feel relaxed. Spend
time with friends and family to improve your personal life. Help yourself understand
that work is just a part of your life, not everything in your life.

5. Be Sure to Report Problems Quickly

It is important to report problems quickly but you must also ensure that you do it
professionally. You should avoid being a chronic complainer though. Anything that
makes it difficult for you to stay positive at work should certainly be reported, so
your employer/management could make an adjustment to make things better.
Understand that no one is going to fix the issue unless you speak about it. But you
should also bear in mind that changes will not happen overnight. Be sure to share
possible solutions too.
6. Learn to Smile at Work

The work is challenging as work life is quite hectic. Do not let these challenges
make you forget to smile. Learning to smile even when you are not happy will
change your mood in no time. Continue with it even if it seems "fake" at first. Simply
smile as you answer a phone call. Have a smiling face when a coworker crosses
your way. And smile whenever you can to have a cheerful personality and make
positive change to your attitude at work.
7. Convert Problems into Opportunities

Understand that there will be problems every now and then but you need not focus
on them. Approach those problems from a different perspective and know how to
turn them into opportunities. Make yourself believe that every problem that you
face comes with an opportunity to learn and grow.
8. Pay Attention to Your Health

You will always feel pressured to do well at work, but do not let this passion hurt
your health. You just cannot maintain a positive attitude if you are not feeling well
rested and healthy. Get enough sleep and include lots of vegetables and fruits in
your diet. Drink plenty of water and stay active. Once you stick to this routine, it
becomes easier to manage everything in a better way.
9. Keep Visual Reminders

Keeping visual reminders help you keep positive attitude at work. Do not shy away
from keeping sayings and images around your desk to feel motivated and inspired.
Look at those images or read those messages whenever you start having negative
thoughts about your job or yourself. You will be amazed to see how these visual
reminders can change your mood and thinking.
10. Be Thankful for Your Job

One simple way to feel thankful for your job is to think about the time and
problems you faced while looking for a job. Having a job is always better than
being jobless. Your current job gives you salary to live a decent life. You improve
your skills and expertise which are beneficial for your whole career life.

11. Reward Yourself

Having a reward system in place will help keep you motivated. You will feel great
when someone acknowledges your efforts. You should reward yourself when you
achieve a goal. Take some time to recognize your success and you will start
feeling better about your work.
12. Determine Your Long-Term Goals

Do not emphasize on how miserable things are right now but focus more what you
want your life to be in five, ten, may be twenty years from now. Set your goals.
Know where you want to be professionally, emotionally, financially, physically,
spiritually, and socially in the next few years. Ensure you set achievable goals and
then have an action plan to achieve them.
13. Explore New Options

Having a positive attitude at work does not mean you should stay content with
whatever you are getting at your job. You should always be willing to explore your
options and look for a position you really like. You can look for your ideal position
with the same employer and work hard for a promotion or you can also look
elsewhere for opportunities. Just do not start thinking bad about your current job.
Work, Work and Work

Quaid e Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah

CHAPTER 6 PURPOSE AND GOALS
Topics
• Defining a Life Purpose
• You Were Born to Succeed
• Expectations
• Life Purpose and Setting Goals
• Discovering Opportunity
• Setting Goals

Reflective Corner
1. Ego hang-ups might be described as your concern about what others think about you. It
seems that much of our daily behaviour is shaped by our attempt to impress others. Many of
the pretenses, covered-ups, defenses, and behaviors to impress others are called
“masking.” In what ways do you mask?
2.

How To Set Goals

Attitudes of anticipation refer to the attitudes that you develop in respect to your future -
your ability to plan, look ahead, envision, and map out your life to achieve your dreams
and purposes.
You have been thinking about and discussing

attitudes of self-confidence. You have been urged to INSIGHT
think about your talents, abilities, and the things you
do well. Your mind has been occupied with “I am” • Developing understanding
rather than “I am not” characteristics; you have been • Defining your purpose
concentrating on your abilities rather than running
yourself down.
You have also discussed attitudes of expectation and selecting purposes and a greater
meaning for your life. It is time to combine these attitudes (confidence and purpose) into
action. This is done by setting goals.
Start programming the goals is your life by taking these simple steps:
▪ Decide what it is you want in life. Write these things down. They should be
consistent with your purpose.
▪ Decide what kind of person you want to become. Write down the type of
personality and the inner qualities of character you want to develop. You have
already started working on this. These are reflected by your mental images.
▪ Determine long-range goals (five years and longer) for achieving these purposes,
wants, and self-image.
▪ Set short-range goals (one year and less) for working toward your long-range
objectives.
▪ Develop general plans for achieving these goals.
▪ Break the plans and goals down into small parts so you can achieve a little bit
each day.
Learn to plan daily for spending your time in a worthwhile manner. These plans need to
be written down. Actually, some of the wisest decisions are made under the pressure of
a deadline. So, a quick decision is often a best decision and is certainly better than no
decision.
The important thing is that you are always working on some goal; your life only has
meaning when you are. Now you will be looking at your life, deciding what you want out
of it, developing a direction, and setting goals. The setting of goals starts with deciding on
the deeper meanings of your life.
Deep within your consciousness is the realization that your life has a purpose, a destiny,
and a meaning that needs to be discovered. Until this is achieved you will experience
boredom, dissatisfaction, frustration, despair, and the feeling of hunger.

To be working for a great purpose larger than yourself is one of the secrets of making life
significant. You may have seen some people driven by a gnawing dissatisfaction with
everything and everybody, subconsciously seeking a purpose for living but unable to
understand themselves sufficiently to realize it. So, they go blindly about in ignorance and
pessimism, jumping from job to job, unable to adapt to a satisfying social life, career, or
family relationship.
Defending your purpose and developing attitudes that express your purpose and
meaning to daily living and eliminate frustrations.
Defining Your Purpose

You have been discussing purpose, meaning, and the destiny of life for the past few
minutes. Now apply you thinking to y our own life. In the next few minutes think of a
purpose or purposes for your life and write down your conclusions.
Your will probably want to take into consideration the talent and abilities you have that
you considered in the previous sessions on self- concept. You will want to think of your
natural interest and the way you want to relate to people.
Your purpose or purposes will express these things so that your life will have its fullest
meaning. You may feel that the next few minutes is not sufficient time to decide on
something as profound as a purpose for your life. This is not true. By deciding on
something right now you will be
▪ Making a decision
▪ Writing it down
▪ Taking a step forward into a life of greater meaning.
The things you write here can be changed and broadened at any time. They are the first
pieces of your personal roadmap to success.
Self-Analysis
Write down your purpose or purposes in life. Be as specific as possible. After
doing that, write down how striving for these purposes will affect
▪ Your life; and
▪ The lives of others.
▪ Write down random thoughts of how you feel about your life’s destiny,
purpose, and meaning.
You Were Born To Succeed

The positive and negative attitude charts should be like old friends by now. They point out
more specifically the age-old truth “as a person thinketh in their heart so are they.” Or as
Marcus Aurelius expressed, “Your life is what your thoughts make it.” Many years ago,

James Allen, in his wonderful little book titled As A Man Thinketh compared the mind to
a garden, pointing out that the garden will always bring forth what is planted there. “If no
useful seeds are put into it,” he wrote, “then an abundance of useless weed-seeds will fall
therein, and will continue to produce their kind.”
So, may anyone tend the garden of their mind, weeding out all the wrong, useless, and
impure thoughts? By pursuing this process, a person sooner or later discovers that they
are the master gardener of their soul and the director of their life. Allen also revealed the
laws of thoughts, how the thought-forces and mind-elements operate in the shaping of a
person’s character, circumstances, and destiny. So, you, and you alone are responsible
for the construction of your life. You were born to succeed, not to fail.
What and where you have been, are, and will be, is a direct result of the manner in which
you have managed your mind. If you are dissatisfied with your circumstances or
experiences you cannot blame others, “Ask not for whom the bell tolls – it tolls for thee.”
While this fact comes as a shattering revelation to many, it can also be life’s most
glistening hope. The same thought-forces that create failure, discouragement, and
unhappiness can also be used to create and experience success, hope, and fulfillment.
These facts, when understood, put success within the reach of everyone. For, as William
James promises, “The greatest discovery of my generation is that human beings can alter
their lives by altering their attitudes of mind.”
Where You Have Been. Awareness of the processes of thought, the management of
your mind, and the development of the attitudes that make you a more effective individual
in your job, social, and home environment.
“Nurture your mind with great thoughts.” You have probably discovered that one of the
phenomena of life is that just one thought, one ray of light, can energize and change
an individuals’ capabilities and existence.
Great people and great deeds are the results of great thoughts. Although we hope your
experience here has been enjoyable, understandable, and easily applied, you are really
involved in a succession of experiences of considerably more depth and
implications for learning than you may have realized.
The concepts to which you have been exposed are identified as subjective experience.
The potentials of the human mind are far greater than ordinarily believed.
Self-expectations, expectations of others, images of self, predetermination of the future,

and self-assessment of capacities all have an astonishing way of being self-fulfilling. That,
perhaps, is the way of saying that all the concepts you have been studying in AiA will
have a more powerful effect on your life than you may have visualized.
From a practical side your ability to identify and communicate with others is constantly
developing. Your thinking is stimulated, your make decisions under pressure of time, you

stand, you speak, you condense and present ideas and you learn to share your thoughts
and experiences with others.
Perhaps the internal values of the process are rather difficult, at this time, to identify.
You may feel you have simply learned to think more positively. That expression “
positive thinking,” has vague meaning but, when clarified, is an objective to which all
should aspire.
WHAT IS POSITIVE THINKING?

Positive thinking is often criticized by the cynic and pessimist as unrealistic and at fault
because it is a way of denying the problems, the tragedy, or the hopelessness of some
situations. It is not that at all. Positive thinking is the antidote for hopelessness,
discouragement, and failure.
It is a way of looking at the problems, the chaos, and the less desirable characteristics of
people and still see hope, solutions, and positive action that can be taken.
Positive thinking has been explained in many ways. The example is given of an
individual’s reaction to half a glass of water. The negative person describes it as half full.
Or the story is told of the shoe company that transferred one of its salespeople to Africa.
After arriving the transferee e-mailed, “Am coming back; they don’t use them here.” The
company replaced this transferee with a more positive salesperson who immediately e-
mailed: “Start shipping shoes; no completion.”
In a more serious vein, positive thinking is the comprehension of the bigger dimension of
life. It is having a dream in your heart and, having made it come true, starting to nurture
another.
Positive thinking is a way of looking at yourself that will help you build on your strengths,
overcome your weaknesses, and accept your limitations. It brings you ways of letting your
mind dwell on the things to be done with the realization that the greatest achievement of
the human spirit is to live up to your opportunities and make the most of your resources.
It is agreeing with the author Thoreau, who said, People were born to succeed, not to
fail.”
Positive thinking is to welcome each day with interest and curiosity as a new adventure
and a new experience. It is seeing opportunity in every situation and circumstance. It is
knowing that even in sadness and tragedy there is a challenge to develop strength and
compassion, and to give help.
Positive thinking is the realization that people need you. There is a life to be brightened,
a problem to be solved, a task to be done, and you can do it best! It is the viewpoint
expressed by the American poet Van Dyke: “This is my work, my blessing; not my doom.”
Positive thinking is to identify yourself with other people’s positive, rather than negative,
characteristics. It is to find all people interesting even if they aren’t always enjoyable. It is

learning to respond to criticism and negativism with genuine patience, humility, and
tolerance rather than anger and revenge. Perhaps it has something to do with an attitude
of love __ the love of people, of life, and yes, even the love of yourself.
Positive thinking is to pause from time to time and ponder the good things of life, It is to
become immersed in the infinity of the universe and feel the beauty of the stars poking
holes in the blackness of the night and a flower reaching for the warmth of the sun. It is
letting your senses respond to a song, a smile, the splatter of raindrops, the touch of a
hand, or the whisper of leaves rippled by a warm summer breeze.
Perhaps positive thinking, or what we call attitude enrichment, is not such a casual thing
after all. If you feel you have become more positive by your experiences here, that may
be quite an achievement in itself.
It may just be what living is all about. In order for your self-image and purposes in life to
be fulfilled, you set goals for each compartment of your life. You cannot separate physical
goals from mental goals. They are part of each other, interrelated. This is the whole-
person concept of AiA.
By making goals and plans for each of the following, you will be developing the whole
person and living a life of purpose and meaning. You will have the opportunity to work on
developing and refining goals and actions that will move you toward your objectives in
these life areas. As you go through this process, express your ambitions, dreams, and
hopes, letting your mind soar. Use your creativity and imagination.
Start where you are.
Do not make the mistake of thinking the way to quick and sure success is to change what
you are doing. Because of a rapidly changing environment, material possessions,
scientific knowledge, and technology, people have come to think of change as progress.
So they change “things” or “places” when they should start by changing themselves.
Only by changing themselves will they mold the habits of thought and action that will
project them into taking advantage of the limitless opportunities all around them.
Start today to change yourself into being opportunity-minded about your own
environment ---- your own “acres of diamonds.”
Discovering Opportunity.
Opportunity is hidden. You can be certain of that! It is rarely obvious. If it were, someone
else would already have discovered and seized it. Opportunity usually comes dressed as
a tough, unromantic, grinding job. The really big opportunity came when the possibilities
were hidden, like buried diamonds, beneath a layer of problems.
So, if you look around you and see nothing but problems, routine, the same old job, and
nothing apparent in sight for you, in all likelihood, you are resting right in the spawning
ground of personal opportunity.

At least it is worth going after. But you start by doing something to get the diamonds out
of the sand.
Start Digging. If opportunity, like diamonds, is hidden, you start digging to find it. And,
like diamonds, you might have to move a lot of sand to find just a little opportunity. You’re
not going to strike pay dirt with every move your make. But being consistently opportunity-
minded will eventually make you a more successful person. Where, specifically, can you
dig for diamonds?
Look at the people around you. Can you expand your ambitions and ability to serve
through them? Can you help your employer/school/organisation be a more effective by
doing everything possible to help and be supportive? Can you support the
management/organisation’s ideas even if you don’t always agree?
How about the students, the colleagues, the staff, and yes, the family? Are you giving
the little bit extra day in and day out to help them to do a better job?
Ultimately, your opportunity comes through serving others better. It starts by your
developing habits of treating everybody like a diamond and not just trying to butter up
the people you think can do you some good.

CHAPTER 7 PERSONAL AND PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT
Topics
• Self-Management
• Expectations
• The Time of Your Life
• The Seven Grant Attitudes
• Onward and Upward

By the end of the lesson, participants will be able to:
Reflective Corner
1. Describe your attitudes toward your daily activity (job, maintaining a home, etc.) in
terms of interest and satisfaction.
2. What negative attitudes, if any, do you have towards your day-to-day activities?
3. You hear a lot about “self-made successes,” but you never hear the term “self-made
failures.” Still, they both refer to the same process. Explain what this means. How do
you feel about this?
4.

Attitudes Toward Time

One who every morning plans the transactions of the day and follows out that plan carries
a thread that will be a guide. Through the labyrinth
of the busiest life orderly arrangement of time is INSIGHT
like a ray of light which darts itself through all his
• Expectations
occupations. But where no plan is laid, where the
• Enthusiasm
disposal of time is surrendered merely to the
chance of incidents, choose will soon reign.
~Victor Hugo
Using time effectively is dependent on just one thing: the way you prioritize the things you
have to do. You decide what the important objectives are in your life and then establish
priorities every day in relation to these objectives. Perhaps this truth of self-management
is so simple it escapes many people and they start getting uptight about time.
These frustrations of time are largely due to our attitudes toward time. Many of these
attitudes are based on false assumptions. For example, you have been told that to be
successful you need to learn to manage your time. This is impossible. You cannot
manage time. It is frustrating to think you can manage something over which you have
absolutely no control. You can learn to manage yourself.
Another false assumption is saying, “I don’t have time to do that.” Probably not so. You
have the time. You just choose not to spend it in that manner. It is probably an
unpleasant task that you would rather not do. That’s Ok, but why blame time?
Or how about, “She/He has more time than I do”? Everybody has the same amount of
time. But everybody spends it doing different things by choice of habit.
Do you have anxieties about time? It is probably caused by trying to put too many tasks
in too short a time span.
The point is that you will not be feeding all these negative attitudes of frustration and
anxiety about time into your subconscious. Self-management and personal responsibility
will be your concern, not time. Time is what your life is made of. It’s sweet and precious.
You will not be getting uptight about it. Let’s see if we can develop a greater understanding
of time by discussing it.
All great achievers have been great planners. They have the ability to organize their
activity, sort out the unimportant from the important things, and invest their time in
productive, meaningful effort.
The feeling that you do not have enough time is probably the frustration from lack of self-
satisfaction or fulfillment. One of the best remedies for this is to grow a little every day
(improve yourself), and to accomplish just a little on a long-range goal. Time is often a
symptom of how you manage yourself.

Self-management
Self-management, planning, and developing a system in relation to time are the secrets
of getting things done. Any system or plan has to be kept simple or it won’t work. What is
your reaction to either one or both of the following?
a. At the close of each day write down the five most important things you have
to do the next day. Then list them in the order of their importance. The next
day start working on the most important thing. Don’t be concerned if you
don’t finish all things. You will always be working on the most important
thing.
b. Or at the end of each day, list the things you have to do the next day. The
next day do the most unpleasant thing first. Your day will become more
enjoyable as it goes along. You will get more done because you will have
the enjoyable things to do last a good way to eliminate procrastination.
Self – Management For Effectiveness
Following suggestions will help to increase our effectiveness. When is the best time to do
them? How often? How will you put them into action?
1. Put forth additional effort. Anyone can go to a job and work only the required
number of hours. It is the person who always does a little bit more than is required
puts forth additional effort who is going to move ahead.
2. At the end of the day, write down the five most important things you have to do
tomorrow. After doing this, number them in the order of their importance. At the
beginning of the next day, start working on the most important thing. Do not be
concerned if you do not finish all five things because you will always be working on
the most important thing!
3. Get the most unpleasant jobs behind you first. You will work harder and get more
done because you will always have a more pleasant job ahead.
4. Spend a few minutes a day in exercise. To have a constant flow of energy and a
high interest level in your work, good physical condition is important. Just a few
minutes a day, every day, spent in exercise (walking, cycling, running in place,
handball, etc) can build up and maintain the body in excellent physical tone.
5. Spend at least 20 minutes a day in self-improvement. Want to become an expert,

an authority, on any subject? Spend at least 20 minutes a day in study. Within six
months you will be amazed how vast your storehouse of knowledge has become. Use
this process to supplement your goals.

6. Write down five new ideas every day. Use your creative imagination. Henry Kaiser,
the industrialist, never when t to sleep at night without writing down at least ten new
ideas. Getting into the habit of using your creative imagination will make you an “idea”
person and add adventure and change to your life.
7. Plan ahead. Spend some time each day looking at your goals, planning ahead for the
next day and next month, and writing down things you want to accomplish to keep on
target in reaching your goals.
8. Review each day to analyze yourself and your accomplishments. Good planners
always get feedback and look at reports to uncover trends, strengths, and
weaknesses. You may even want to keep a diary of your activity each day to measure
progress. Periodically complete a “recording everything you do that day, to analyze
how you are spending your time.
9. Use your subconscious mind. Use affirmations several times a day Relax, Feed
strong positive thought into your mind; let them become embedded in your
subconscious mind. You will find them streaming into your life.
10. Use your self-images. Remind yourself several times a day of the picture of the
person you want to become. Act as if you are that person. You will find that your goals
will be reached; you will be transformed, not into another person, but into the very best
you, with a personality that will attract others.
11. Repeat “I am, I will’. Let these words be the banners of your life. Repeat at least
three times a day.
12. Invest a part of today in tomorrow. Make sure you are using some of your time to
reach your long-range objectives. Big goals are reached by breaking them into a
number of small parts and doing just a little at a time. You will find you have made
enormous gains in your performance and accomplishments at the end of a year if you
invest a few minutes in your long-range goals each day.
Creating Expectations
The validity of prayer, predictions, and the power of the human mind using attitudes to
affect outcomes, healing, wellness, and the behaviour of ourselves and others is
accepted.
Self-expectations, expectations of others, and images of the future tend to be self-
fulfilling. This simply means that what you expect to happen is very likely to happen, and
the way you expect people to behave is very likely the way they will behave. It is another

example of how thoughts become reality. Discuss the following, which are examples of
this principle:
What a manager expects of team members and the way they are treated, acting out
expectations, determines their performance and progress. Superior managers have high
expectations that less-effective managers fail to develop.
What effect would a manager’s own abilities have on the expectations of others?
How does a manager communicate expectations of others?
How could an employee’s personality and past record affect the manager’s expectations?
Negative expectations, sometimes called negative assumptions, have a profound effect

on your behavior and the way you relate to others.
• How does the assumption that people are going to react negatively affect the way you
communicate?
• How does the expectation that the person will resist affect your efforts to persuade
them of something?
It is almost impossible to cover up your expectations. You often communicate the most
when you are actually communicating the least. When you have low expectations you
often avoid communicating and become cold, or appear indifferent. The silent treatment
communicates negative feelings.
• Can you give examples of seeing this in others or experiencing it yourself?
• How could this affect the relationship between. Parent and child, teacher and student?
Husband and wife? Employer and employee?
• Can you suggest ways of overcoming or handling the effects of low or negative
expectations?
The philosopher Goethe said, “Treat people as if they were what they ought to be, and
you help them become what they are capable of becoming.”
• What does this idea mean to you?
• How can these principles be applied to everyday living?
Antisocial or negative behaviour of children can be caused by the subconscious

expectations of teachers/parents as communicated through their fears, precautions, and
discipline of their children. It is believed that bullying, fighting, stealing, rebellion against
established systems, running away from studies, and other disturbing behaviour of young
people is largely the self-fulfilling expectations (in some cases, fears) of the
parents/teachers.
• What do you think of this?

• In what ways would teachers communicate of make known their expectations to their
students/children?
Expectations
Pygmalion, a sculptor in Greek mythology, carved a statue in ivory of a beautiful woman.
He fell in love with his own creation, and Venus gave life to the statue.
This myth inspired George Bernard Shaw’s play, Pygmalion, a story of how professor
Henry Higgins turned a Cockney flower girl into an elegant lady, using language rather
than love. The play subsequently became the musical hit My Fair Lady.
The concept is more than fantasy. One person’s expectations can influence the behaviour
of another. The phenomenon has come to be called “self-fulfilling prophecy. “People
become what is prophesied for them.
Pygmalion effect studied.

A surgeon or physician’s positive expectations accelerate a patient’s recovery.
The results of children’s IQ tests can be affected by the expectations of those
administering the tests. Even animals respond to people’s expectations. The entire of
expectations and self-fulfilling prophecies can be seen in teachers’ expectations of
students. In a study, students were tested at the start of the school year to supposedly
predict “intellectual booming.”
• What does this tell you about the effect teacher expectations on students?
• In what ways would the teacher expectations be shown or communicated?
One person’s expectations can influence the behavior of another.
Proof Is Sought.
Here are many examples of the power of expectations:
How Powerful Are Expectations? Expectations become self-fulfilling prophecies.
Positive expectations of one person are a factor in influencing another’s behaviour.
The Teacher – Learner Relationship. Some students or learners in work environments
do better because a teacher-learner relationship had been established. There are
teachers and parents who believe they can teach. There are learners who want to learn
and are led to believe they can exceed their previous rates of learning. This teacher
learner association is rewarding and satisfying for the teacher. That kind of attitude
projected into the learning situation stimulates learning performance. The student or
employee learner excels.

Simple things work.

Some things are simple verifications of obvious truths. We know for example, that if you
smile at students they will learn more than if you criticize them. People do better with
praise, encouragement, and expressed confidence than they do with humiliation,
impatience, and indifference.
If human beings could be perceived as potentials rather than problems, as possessing
strengths instead of weaknesses, as unlimited rather than dull and unresponsive, then
they would thrive and grow to their capabilities.
Unfortunately, many teachers have the viewpoint of the teacher who flunked the boy in
Spanish, noting that the boy did not have the mental ability to learn Spanish. The parents,
concerned, came to see the principal. The principal explained to them, in an ice way, that
their boy was too dumb to learn Spanish. The father responded, “I don’t know much about
teaching or learning, but tell me, how do the dumb kids in Spain learn Spanish?”
Forces That Influence Learning.

Here are some of the elements that are conductive to learning.
Have a reinforced self-confidence. You look at others about the same way you look at
yourself. You like others if you like yourself. You have confidence in others if you have
confidence in yourself. Teachers simply express this truth. Teachers communicate to
learners that they have confidence in themselves. Managers influence their associates
by their own self, concept of being able to select, and motivate the associates. Because
manages or teachers believe employees and students can excel, they communicate that
belief to the learners.
Teaching is loving. It is trust and respect. These are the emotional attitudes of the
teachers that are the vitamins of the learning effort. In the first example, the teachers were
told, “These students need you. They will respond to you positively, more so than most
others.”
Compare the expected attitudes of trust, respect, and positive expectations with the
opposite attitudes of doubt, indifference, or even hopelessness.
The attitudes of the parent who communicates love and trust to the son or daughter is
bound to get a different result than the parent who is consumed by fear that the teenager
is going to get involved with negative self-destructive behaviour.
Negative attitudes are lacking in positive expectations. Managers, teachers,
physicians, and parents often are communicating most when they believe they are
communicating least. Doubt, impatience, despair, and apathy are communicated by

evasive glances, silence, and cold tones. This is the kind of atmosphere that suppresses
learning.
In summing up the effect of one person’s expectations on another’s behavior, it can be
concluded that expectations are another instance of the power of attitudes.
People are always communicating their thoughts in a variety of subtle ways. And others
are responding – positively, negatively or passively. Strong, positive attitudes about one’s
self and it hers bring out the best in others, causing positive responses that accelerate
growth and learning.
See all others as the potential vessels of your own treasured knowledge and ability, be
willing to share yourself in a tolerant, loving manner, and your effort will be richly
rewarded by the growth of those around you.

AiA 2017 TRG Manual (Final) - 16 Jun

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Fauji Foundation Education System

FLASH Summer Training 2017

Adventures in Attitude (AiA) 2017

Inspection, Evaluation & Training Department

INSPECTION, EVALUATION & TRAINING DEPARTMENT Page 1 of 54

Ser Contents Pages

2. About AiA 4-5

4. Chapter 1: Attitude Awareness 7-9

5. Chapter 2: Understanding 10-18

6. Chapter 3: Personality 19-23

7. Chapter 4: Problem-Solving Skills 24-28

8. Chapter 5: Work 29-35

9. Chapter 6: Purpose and Goals 36-39

10. Chapter 7: Personal and Professional Development 40-48

12. Appendices 50-54

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Together we can make a difference!

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INSPECTION, EVALUATION & TRAINING DEPARTMENT Page 5 of 54

CHAPTER 1 ATTITUDE AWARENESS

SMART Objectives/Learning Outcomes

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Merriam Webster Dictionary

Four major components of attitude

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AWARENESS - Who Are You?

Assessing your strengths

INSPECTION, EVALUATION & TRAINING DEPARTMENT Page 8 of 54

Assessing your weaknesses

Turning Weaknesses into Strengths

I thank God for my handicaps!

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How to Respond to Your Weaknesses

The Three As of Awesome

Develop Weakness as Power

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ATTITUDE TOOL KIT – Improving Self-image

2. Self-Motivation Through Discovering Your Motives. Discover what motivates/

3. The Power of Visualization. Visualization works well to improve attitude. Nelson

7. Enthusiasm - Vital Tool for Staying Motivated. Enthusiasm is to attitude what

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8. Connecting to our Spiritual Empowerment. The ultimate level of human needs

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SMART Objective/Learning Outcomes

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Doing it yourself requires us to develop an understanding of self (Self-concept). As

In short, a realistic and positive self-concept is the key to developing understanding

INSPECTION, EVALUATION & TRAINING DEPARTMENT Page 14 of 54

Example. A Principal/Vice Principal/Section Head becomes successful by helping the

Helping Others To Become Successful

• Helping others as a faculty/ team member:

INSPECTION, EVALUATION & TRAINING DEPARTMENT Page 15 of 54

• Helping Others – Students/Trainees

o Expect Them To Be Successful. An amazing phenomenon has been uncovered in

The powerful influence of your expectations on another’s behaviour is an awesome

The next principle is a step in that direction.

o Train them to Understand others

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A research published in the Journal of Educational Psychology, tells of a test of

The behavioural part involves adjusting one’s actions or behaviour in response to

o Helping students become more understanding others/adaptable

INSPECTION, EVALUATION & TRAINING DEPARTMENT Page 17 of 54