Socrates
the origin of modern of the concept of identity
 (470-399 BC) was a classical Greek Philosopher
and Pioneer in western moral philosophy.
 Introduce socratic problem
 An examine life is not worth living
Plato
 (424-347 BC) Classical Greek Philosopher and
Founder Of Academy in Athens
 Influential figure in western philosophy and the
founder of western spirituality
 Student of Socrates
St. Agustin
 (AD 354-430) Christian theologian and
philosopher
 He discovered and developed the concept of
individual identity and conceptualize the idea of
self
 Identified the two fold process: self-
presentation and self-realization
 He reiterated that one transform as he struggles
in both body and soul to ultimately achieve
happiness specifically found in God’s Love
 He explored on relationship between the mind
and body which are all essential in the
formation of person.
Rene Descartes
 (1596-1650) – Father of modern western
philosophy.
 French scientific thinker, mathematician and
philosopher
 Pointed a relationship between mind and body
 “Cogito, ergo sum” – I think therefore I am” –
about awareness of the self or asses one’s self
may lead to development of a unique identity
John Locke
 (1632-1704) prominent thinker during the “Age
of Reason”
 English Philosopher and Physician
 Father of Liberalism
 Posited the “Theory of Mind” breakthrough in
of self.
 “Tabula Rasa” – at birth the mind is blank state
without inmate ideas and it is experience that
provide us knowledge by sensory experiences
and reflections
 Politician
David Hume
 (1711-1776) prime novel in western philosophy
 Scottish philosopher from Edinburgh
 All human knowledge is ultimately founded
solely in experience.
Immanuel Kant
 (1724-1804) German Philosopher was a great
contributor in modern western philosophy.
Asserted that it is the human mind whivh create
experiences.
 Age of Enlightenment
 Doctrine of transcendent idealism
 “Happiness is not ideal of reason but of
imagination”
 Senses/physical – inner self
 Psychological – outer self
 Seeing is Believing
 Empiricism believes in experiences
Sigmund Schlomo Freud (1856-1939)
 Was a neurologist from Austria
 Father of Psychoanalysis/psychology
 Stated that there are three layers of self the
EGO, ID, SUPER EGO that interact to produce
the individual persona.
 Psychoanalytical Theory
 The id – unconscious * primitive and instinctive
components of self * develop the self
 The Ego – gives rise to human persona *
Nagcocontrol sa Id *reality * Consideration of
right or wrong
 Super Ego- You know it whether good or bad
 Ideal self
 Control the id’s impulses
  The third part talks about morality  George Mead and the social Self –
 Sociology is the study of society human social
Gilbert Ryle
relationship social interaction
 (1900-1976) British Philosopher a behaviorist  George Mead – Sociologist from the late 1800s
who coined the phrase “the ghost in the  Self is not biological but social
machine” 2 parts of self
 Believed that mental phenomena are explained  Self-awareness – kung anong ugali meron ka *
by observing public behavior. inner you
 “the concept of mind” 1949- explained how the  Self-image - outer you
mental states are inseparable from the physical
Factor and forces that shape self
state.
 “In searching for the self are cannot  Education
almutaenously be the hunter and the haunted”  Media
– Bago mo makilala yung ibang tao kilalanin mo  Appearance
muna yung sarili mo .  Culture
 Official Doctrine of Cartesian Dualism  Abuse
 Against to the theory of rene Descartes  Relationship
 Cartesian Dualism – theory of thought that  Gender
regard a domain of reality in terms of two  Income
independent principle esp. mind and matter  Age
 Body – public * mind – private
 Separate the body and mind
 Thought the problem of free will
Lesson 3 Anthropology
Paul Churchland
 Anthropology – study of humanity involve the
 Beliefs are not ontologically real humans
 Hindi naniniwala sa myths and legends
Franz Boas
 To see is to believe
 The curiosity of a man, and the Cumming of his  Founder of modern anthropology
reason have revealed much of nature held  Father of American Anthropology
hidden  Introduce the anthropology to be course in
college
Patricia Churchland
 Study the primitive
 Focus on the interface between neuroscience  Born on July 9 1858
ad philosophy “ to understand the mind one  Most well-known anthropologist
must understand the brain”
Ruth Benedict
 She associated with a school of thought
“eliminative materialism” – commonsense  Student of Franz Boas
immediately intuitive or folk psychological  Born on June 5 1877 (NYC)
concepts”  Famous American Cultural Anthropologist
 More on socio anthropology
 Well-known lady leader in the fiel of
Lesson #2 anthropology

Self as a product of modern society Margaret Mead

 Pioneer of cultural anthropology
 Born on Dec. 16 1901 (Philadelphia)
 Student of Franz Boas
 Propose the womens equality in 1970’s
Bronislaw Malinowski
 April 7 1884 (Poland)
 Father of social Anthropology
 Field of human society and anthropologist
responsible establishing participant observation
Ralph Linton
 February 27 1893
 Cultural anthropologist in the mid-20th century
Moass
 Ethnography = Ethics – values of human in
relation on his/her society
Lesson 4 = Psychology
Psycho = behavior Logy = study
 Study of human behavior
 How human behave
 Mental, emotional and behavioral character
William James
 American Philosopher and Psychologist
 Physician/Doctor
 First educator to offer psychology course in
college
 Father of American Psychology
James Theory of Self
 Divided the person mental picture into two
categories the ME and the I.
 Me- separate object or individual a person to
refers to when describing their personal
experiences
 I – The self that knows who they are and what
they have done in their life.
James Further divide the ME part of self into
 Material Self – consist of things that belong to a
person or entities that person belong to. (E.g
family, money, body, clothes.)
 Social Self – Our social selves as they did social
situation. * People change on how they interact
depending in the social situation. * On how you
interact to the people
 Spiritual Self – Most concrete and permanent
than social and Material self. * Subjective and
most intimate self
 Super Ego – refer to “I” self * you are aware to
your attitude * you can classify it whether
good/bad.
The real self and Ideal self
 Carl Roger proposed the theory of real self and
ideal self
 According to him the real self – is how we see
ourselves or the person who you are?
 Ideal self – is the person who you want to be
The True self and False Self
 Donald Winnicotts proposed the theory of true
self and false self
 The True self – Is the real self * Original self *
Positive
 False Self – Ideal self * fake self * negative *
pseudo self
Global and differentiated Models
Global
 Look into human being
 Indivisible entity that cannot broken down into
parts
 Serve as a whole
Differentiated
 Divisible and can be broken into component
 Sigmund Freud favor in differentiated models
2 kinds of psychology
 Gestalt psychology – the whole is greater than
the sum of its part

Humanistic psychology – about human

Multiple selves sand Unified selves

 Multiple self – more traits, characteristic and

attitude * Can adopt easily the environment
that he/she encounter
 Unified self – one characteristic or attitude

Albert Bandura
 Propose the social learning theory
 Social cognitive
 Modeling