PROJECT

Rehabilitation, Strengthening and four Laning of Chenani to

Nashri Section of NH-1A, from km 89.00 to km 130.00 (new
alignment) including 9 km long tunnel (2 lanes) with parallel
escape tunnel, on BOT (Annuity) basis, on DBFO Pattern in
the State of Jammu & Kashmir
(Package no. NHSP Phase-II/BOT/V/J&K)

SLOPE FAILURE ASSESSMENT REPORT

OF
CHENANI – NASHRI TUNNEL PROJECT

AUGUST 2019
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 PREFACE ......................................................................................................................... 3

2 SLOPE FAILURE ON SOUTH PORTAL APPROACH ROAD ...................................................... 4

2.1 GENRAL DISCRIPTION ................................................................................................... 4
2.2 GEOLOGY AND STRUCTURE: ......................................................................................... 4
2.3 ROOT CAUSE OF SOUTH APPROACH ROAD SLIDE: ....................................................... 5
2.4 PROPOSED REMEDIAL MEASURES................................................................................ 6
2.5 ESTIMATION OF Quantity and Approximate Cost ........................................................ 6
The Estimation of Quantity and cost has been done in consultation with Site team as follows
in table 2.1 and table 2.2 .............................................................................................. 6
2.6 Table No 2.1: South Approach Road (Collapsed Slope Protection from Ch.-89+965 to
90+020) = 55m .............................................................................................................. 7

Table 2.2: South Approach Road (Collapsed Shotcrete and support from Ch - 90+040 to 90+070) 8

3 SLOPE FAILURE ON NORTH APPROACH ROAD TO ROTARY .............................................. 10

3.1 GENRAL DISCRIPTION ................................................................................................. 10
3.2 GEOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION OF LANDSLIDE AREA....................................................... 10
3.3 ROOT CAUSE OF FAILURE: .......................................................................................... 12
3.4 RECOMMENDATION AND REMEDIAL MEASURES ...................................................... 13
3.5 ESTIMATION OF COST................................................................................................. 14
Table 3.2: Estimate for rehabilitation work for Culvert Slope protection from Ch-99+900 to
99+950)....................................................................................................................... 15

4 SLOPE FAILURE ABOVE NORTH PORTAL LOCATION ......................................................... 16

4.1 GENRAL DESCRIPTION ................................................................................................ 16
4.2 GEOLOGY OF FAILURE AREA:...................................................................................... 16
4.3 ROOT CAUSE OF FAILURE: .......................................................................................... 17
4.4 RECOMMENDATION AS REMEDIAL MEASURES. ........................................................ 17
4.5 ESTIMATION OF COST................................................................................................. 18

5 THE SEEPAGE IN ESCAPE TUNNEL ................................................................................... 19

5.1 GENERAL ..................................................................................................................... 19
5.2 ROOT CAUSE OF SEEPAGE .......................................................................................... 20
5.3 WAY FORWARD .......................................................................................................... 21

6 TRANSVERSE CRACKS ON WALLS OF ESCAPE TUNNEL ..................................................... 21

List of Tables

Table 3.1: Structural Survey of rock outcrops ............................................................................. 11

List of Figures
Figure 1.1: View of Landslide took place at Km 89.6 of existing Highway ..................................... 4
Figure 3.1: North Approach road Failure zone ........................................................................... 10

Page 2 of 22
Figure 3.2: Geological map of affected area............................................................................... 12

1 PREFACE

The present report carried out the study of slope failure in CNTL project, their root causes and
remedial measures. Slope failure occurred both at north portal area and South portal area. The
Affected area is a part of 9 km long tunnel (2 lanes) with parallel escape tunnel across the
Patnitop ridge, between km 89 and km 130 of the existing national Highway NH-1A, in the State
of Jammu & Kashmir, India.

The site visit has been taken up by Dr. Vikas Bisht (Geologist), Mr.Roopesh Mehta (Geotech
Engineer) & Mr. J. P. Sharma (Project manager) from 20th August to 23th August 2019 to
evaluate the slope failure assessment. The following document summarises the Investigation and
studies carried out for the Slope failures in the project Highway. These studies take into account
the available data collected from site locations. The whole geological and hydro geological
information were finally processed in order to characterize the rock masses along the project for
remedial measures.
Following location has been visited
1. South portal approach Road
2. North portal approach road
3. North portal slope and
4. Escape tunnel for seepage.
5. Transverse Cracks on walls of escape tunnel

Page 3 of 22
 Figure 1.1: View of Landslide took place at Km 89.6 of existing Highway

2 SLOPE FAILURE ON SOUTH PORTAL APPROACH ROAD

2.1 GENRAL DISCRIPTION

A recent Slope failure took place at KM 89+955 to 90+020 & KM 90+040 to 90+080(collapsed
sections) and KM 90+020 to 90+040 & 90+080 to 90+090 (cracked sections) on NH44 has occurred
and damaged to retaining structure badly. During the site inspection of this slide right from its
crown at Mada village and its toe at NH-44, its configuration and geometry has been ascertained.
The slide has an inclined distance of about 60m at an angle of about 78o. Its crown is located at
EL+1280m about 80m above the NH-44 level at KM 89+955 to Km 90+080 and toe on hill side edge
of NH-44, The width of slide is thicker in the at right side of Nallaha bank. The surface of the slide
is generally dry but in the middle part of it and at toe region the ground water in trapped gullies,
below slide mass, is not uncommon. The surface of the slide mass, above slide area in crop field
used for cultivation has also developed wide deep cracks.

2.2 GEOLOGY AND STRUCTURE:

Sedimentary rocks in the form of hard sandstone, medium silt stone and soft clay stone have
been exposed in and around slide mass. These rocks are called Murree’s and are about 40 million
years old. These rocks have been repeatedly folded into tight-asymmetrical, anticlines and
synclines with the result many local and regional faults and thrusts were generated which
disturbed the original setup of rocks. One of such suspected local faults appears to occur in the

Page 4 of 22
 Nalaha region. The concealment of structural discontinuities in these rocks by the recent soil
cover is common feature. The variation of dip angles in these rocks would depict number of
anticlines and synclines while developing the cross sections. Lithologic ally hard sand stone
interbedded with soft claystone beds have formed differential erosional features like valleys of
easily erodible soft clay stone and projected hills of hard sand stone.

The Area has to negotiate the bed rock comprising rocks belonging to Murree formations
represented by the sequence of the alternate bands of sandstones, claystone’s and the siltstones
and sometimes intermixed siltstones-sandstone and sometimes intermixed siltstone-claystone’s
and somewhere the combination of all. The sandstones are fine to coarse grained, fairly massive
to moderately blocky with the very tight and slightly open joints and generally fresh to slightly
weathered joint surfaces having a medium strong to very strong in the strength.

The siltstones are generally fine grained with the well-developed bedding planes with the
micaceous features with the open to tight joints.

Having the weak to strong in strength with tight to open joints and ferruginous in nature. The
Claystone’s are very fine grained, soft to slightly hard, sometimes highly shear. The claystone’s
are swelling in the nature when it contact with water as experienced since beginning of the both
tunnels. All rock types are bounded by the three sets of joints including the bedding joints with
the random joints (not a particular set).

The bedding rock are highly fractured and highly disturbed (seems tectonically disturbed). The
rock beds are dipping at different angles in very small section.

Rock bed dip and dip directions are following:-

Points of Bedding Dip Dip amount Dip Direction

Point 1 82˚ 270˚
Point 2 55˚ 265˚
Point 3 50˚ 290˚
Point 4 25˚ 270˚

Dip and dip direction of the rock bedding in slided area

2.3 ROOT CAUSE OF SOUTH APPROACH ROAD SLIDE:

The main cause of this slide appears the percolation of rain water from crop field and water
saturated plastic mass exerts pressure over existing supports measures in the middle part of the
slided mass, which has not been provided toe support to the hill side edge of road. Moreover,
drainage part has also not been channelized all along this excavated road which may trigger fresh
such slides in near future. Thus real cause lies in the Nallah and crop fields without drainage
works, there is no Brest wall as well as retaining wall to protect hill slopes in crop fields leads to

Page 5 of 22
 gully erosion. Extensive rainfall allows water to percolate and reduced the friction angle and
increase the plasticity and 60o angle of hill slope play a vital role for mass movement of debris to
down side.

Rain Water/ Ground Water: The Vital reason of the slope failure/ landslide it the surface water,
as there is intense rainfall before landslide the surface water percolation was occurred from the
hill top by the rock. joints and the soil and affected the cohesiveness of the rock.

The rocks have a lot of fractures and joints, making the monolith rock in to an assemblage of
rocks. Because of a lot of cohesion across the joints and the cohesion between the rocks has
been decreased due to successive percolation of the water from the rain. And also a nallah
(perennial) running just by the slided area, this nallah is also a very successful reason of the rock
fall/ landslide because the rock is in the sedimentary in the nature. By this percolation the
cohesiveness of the rock was lost and a huge strain accumulation was developed in to the hill,
which suddenly fall out in the form of rock fall, this all can also be explained as:-

Main factor responsible for slippage. the hard or massive rocks are underlined by softer rocks
(shale or clay bed)

When rain water percolates through some fractures or joints the clayey beds becomes very
plastic and acts as slippery base, which enhance the chances of loose overburden to slip
downward.

Water is the most powerful solvent, which not only causes decomposition of minerals but also
leaches out the soluble matter of the rock and reduces the strength.

2.4 PROPOSED REMEDIAL MEASURES

Following are the recommendation as remedial measures.

1. Removal of all the loose mass from the slope.
2. The plumb gravity wall to be constructed at the edge of the drain.
3. The gravity wall to be constructed in block wise manner i.e. bottom width 1.5m and height is
1m than, offset of 0.5m towards the hill for next block of 1.5m wide and 1m high up to level
of shotcrete failure edge.
4. A cut drain above the top of the slope need to be construct.

2.5 ESTIMATION OF Quantity and Approximate Cost

The Estimation of Quantity and cost has been done in consultation with Site team as follows in
table 2.1 and table 2.2

Page 6 of 22
 Table No 2.1: South Approach Road (Collapsed Slope Protection from Ch.-89+965 to 90+020) =
55m

South Approach Road (Collapsed Slope Protection from Ch.-89+965 to 90+020) = 55m
Rate
S. Amou
Length Width Height Rate with Qty
No Work Description UNIT nt
(m) (m) (m) (Rs.) 10% .
. (Rs.)
hike
Earthwork excavation necessary
for construction of
1 roadway/structures including all 50 4 2 Cum 350 385 400 154000
leads and lifts complete in all
respects as directed by Engineer.
Segregation cleaning breaking to
required size and laying of
boulders with M-15 concrete (60%
boulders and 40% concrete) to 105
2 60 2.5 7 Cum
provide cemented boulders base 0
as a complete job as per
specification and drawing and as
directed by engineer incharge
Supply of Stones for plumb wall
251212
2.(a including all leads and lift upto site Cum 725 797.5 315
.5
) (30% Boulders)
Providing and Laying PCC M-15
including of all materials, 440632
Cum 5450 5995 735
2.(b manpower and machinery (70% 5
) Concrete)
Supply and fixing of formwork
required for all types of concrete
wall as per design Drawings,
Specification standard method
3 120 _ 3 Sqm 496 545.6 360 196416
statement rates includes tie rods
PVC Pipe for the rods and supports
for formwork (up to a maximum
height up to 16 mtr).
To erect access scaffolding for the
whole work including dismantling
and staking at designated location.
The rate shall include all labour,
lead, lift, handling complete with
4 60 4 Sqm 100 110 240 26400
contractor's own equipment for
complete job except scaffolding.
Measurement Shall be done
purely length and height of
structure.
Supply and fixing of
90/110/150mm dia. PVC SWR
socketed pipe with rubber ring Segregated with 1 m C/C
5 Nos. 190 209 420 87780
joints as per IS: 13592.(Back side spacing
of pipe to be covered with
geotextile membrane)

Page 7 of 22
 Providing and laying of Filter
media behind walls of abutment
and retaining wall etc. with
granular materials/stone crushed
6 aggregates satisfying the 60 0.3 5 Cum 1450 1595 90 143550
requirements laid down in clause
2504.2.2 of morth specifications to
a thickness of not less then
300mm width
7 Backfilling 60 1 5 Cum 350 385 300 115500
538118
Total Amount (Rs.)
3.5

Table 2.2: South Approach Road (Collapsed Shotcrete and support from Ch - 90+040 to 90+070)

CHENANI NASHRI TUNNELWAY LIMITED

South Approach Road (Collapsed Shotcrete and support from Ch - 90+040 to 90+070)
Rate
Length Width Height with
S. No. Work Description UNIT Rate Qty. Amount (Rs.)
(m) (m) (m) 10%
hike
Earthwork
excavation
necessary for
construction of
roadway/structures
1 30 3 2 Cum 350 385 180 69300
including all leads
and lifts complete
in all respects as
directed by
Engineer.
Segregation
cleaning breaking
to required size
and laying of
boulders with M-15
concrete with 30%
boulders to provide
2 30 2 18 Cum 0 1080
cemented boulders
base as a complete
job as per
specification and
drawing and as
directed by
engineer incharge
Supply of Stones
for plumb wall
including all leads Cum 725 797.5 324 258390
and lift upto site
2.(a) (30% Boulders)
Providing and
Laying PCC M-15 Cum 5450 5995 756 4532220
2.(b) including of all

Page 8 of 22
 materials,
manpower and
machinery (70%
Concrete)
Supply and fixing of
formwork required
for all types of
concrete wall as
per design
Drawings,
Specification
standard method
3 60 _ 18 Sqm 496 545.6 1080 589248
statement rates
includes tie rods
PVC Pipe for the
rods and supports
for formwork (up
to a maximum
height up to 16
mtr).
To erect access
scaffolding for the
whole work
including
dismantling and
staking at
designated
location. The rate
shall include all
4 labour, lead, lift, 30 16 Sqm 100 110 480 52800
handling complete
with contractor's
own equipment for
complete job
except scaffolding.
Measurement Shall
be done purely
length and height
of structure.
Supply and fixing of
90/110/150mm
dia. PVC SWR
socketed pipe with
rubber ring joints Segregated with 1m C/C
5 Nos. 190 209 540 112860
as per IS: spacing
13592.(Back side of
pipe to be covered
with geotextile
membrane)
Providing and
laying of Filter
media behind walls
6 of abutment and 30 0.3 18 Cum 1450 1595 162 258390
retaining wall etc.
with granular
materials/stone

Page 9 of 22
 crushed aggregates
satisfying the
requirements laid
down in clause
2504.2.2 of morth
specifications to a
thickness of not
less then 300mm
width
7 Backfilling 30 2 18 Cum 350 385 1080 415800
Total Amount (Rs.) 6289008

3 SLOPE FAILURE ON NORTH APPROACH ROAD TO ROTARY

3.1 GENRAL DISCRIPTION
A recent Slope failure took place at KM 129+850 to ROTARY this section on NH44 has occurred
and damaged to retaining structure badly. The North approach road face a huge land slide during
construction time on 10/10/2016.Geological report has been prepared and designer visited the
site and provide three options for slope stabilization ITNL choose first option and a wall has been
created full design has not been implemented at that time due to inauguration of tunnel During
the site inspection. Recent slope failure is an further extension of previous slope failure at
129+700. Recent slope failure completely damaged the preexisting drainage system and chute
drain

Figure 3.1: North Approach road Failure zone

3.2 GEOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION OF LANDSLIDE AREA

Sedimentary rocks in the form of hard sandstone, medium silt stone and soft clay stone have
been exposed in and around slide mass. These rocks are called Murree’s and are about 40 million
years old. These rocks have been repeatedly folded into tight-asymmetrical, anticlines and
synclines with the result many local and regional faults and thrusts were generated which

Page 10 of 22
disturbed the original setup of rocks. One of such suspected local faults appears to occur in the
Nalaha region. The concealment of structural discontinuities in these rocks by the recent soil
cover is common feature. The variation of dip angles in these rocks would depict number of
anticlines and synclines while developing the cross sections. Lithologic ally hard sand stone
interbedded with soft claystone beds have formed differential erosional features like valleys of
easily erodible soft clay stone and projected hills of hard sand stone. Having the weak to strong in
strength with tight to open joints and ferruginous in nature. The Claystone’s are very fine
grained, soft to slightly hard, sometimes highly shear. The claystone’s are swelling in the nature
when it contact with water as experienced since beginning of the Project. All rock types are
bounded by the three sets of joints including the bedding joints with the random joints (not a
particular set).

STRUCTURAL SURVEY OF ROCK OUTCROPS

The structural survey of the rock outcrops conducted in the Nacchar nallah valley is presented in
Table 3.1 below.
Table 3.1: Structural Survey of rock outcrops

ROCK DESCRIPTION DISCONTINUITIES

Outcrop 1 Sandstone with Bedding: strike 110° 290°, dip direction 200°, dip
intercalations of angle 46°
Claystone and siltstone Joint sets :
beds JS 1 : Strike 40° - 220°; dip direction 310° dip
angle approx 70°
JS 2 : Strike 150° 240°; dip direction 60°,dip angle 88
JS 3 : Strike 104° 284°; dip direction 30°,dip angle 80
Fault plane
F1 Strike 34° - 214°; dip direction 124° dip angle 80°

Page 11 of 22
 Outcrop 2 Sandstone with Bedding : strike 130° - 310°, dip direction 220°;
intercalations of dip angle 36°
Claystone and siltstone Joint sets :
beds JS 1 : Strike 40° - 220°; dip direction 130° dip
angle approx 65°
JS 2 : Strike 104° 284°; dip direction 14°,dip angle 42
Fault plane
F1 Strike 44° - 224°; dip direction 314° dip angle 50°
F2 Strike 78° - 258°; dip direction 348° dip angle 74°

Geological map is shown in Figure 3.2 the north approach road area plan view with
outcrops and front slopes (considered in the analyses) are clearly indicated.

Figure 3.2: Geological map of affected area

3.3 ROOT CAUSE OF FAILURE:

The study shows the interaction between active faults and landslide phenomenon. The case
study concerns the landslide in the km 129.8. The methodology was based on geological studies,
geomorphologic studies, the study of landslide phenomenon including its characteristics and its
parameters, geological engineering and the geotechnical studies. The results show that landslide
is located in the crush and brecciated zone of the tear fault, which have been severely crushed
and pulverized by the Fault’s actions, and for this reason, they show very weak geotechnical
characteristics compared to the surrounding rocks. The layering slope of the formation is
according to the natural ground slope and facilitates their slips. According to the results, the main
reason for landslide is the impact of the active fault associated with muree thrust and the
creation of crush and mylonitized zone , while the secondary parameters are the local geological
structures, the unfavorable conditions of the groundwater and their inadequate drainage and the
construction of a road along the ground layers. The existence of groundwater, the low
impermeability of the landslide materials and the inadequate drainage are also under the
influence of the fault.

Page 12 of 22
 The project highway is situated over instable slope and the material above the project highway is
colluviums having highly plastic matrix with debris due to the effect of faulting followed by
ancient land slide and weathering. The colluviums material is remnants of past landslide having
slope of 60% from toe to top. The main source of Land slide is above 200m at a fault scarp
running parallel to the existing alignment which triger the land slide in the past. The hanging
mass of colluvium are remanent of past tectonic movement rests over slope shows the creeping
movement in the past. The three other reverse faults are also observed in a small stretch of
North approach road shows the area is tectonically active, these faults perpendicularly cross cuts
the ancient fault all fault system connected with muree thrust. A local streams followed the path
of faults and recives water during time to time and develops pore water pressures, and generate
necessary force to trigger Debris slide which then may continue to move for a period of days to
weeks. Undercutting of the base of slope for construction of north approach road also tends to
destabilize the slope. The tectonic movement has been seen at chainage129.100 to 129.850
shows that the thick bed of siltstone-clay stone moves out from its in-situ position up to 1m by
creeping movement, the movement in the in-situ bed leads the major failure.

3.4 RECOMMENDATION AND REMEDIAL MEASURES

1. Removal of all the loose mass from the slope.

2. Construct a gravity Plum wall in alignment of previous section and even height of the gravity
wall need to be same as per the previous section.
3. The bench will be developed between the gravity wall top and excavated slope. Turfing of
grass of grass or sand layer of around 250 mm need to be provided for safety against the
rebound of boulders.
4. The toe wall of 1.5m high to be constructed at the edge of the hill above the bench with PCC
cut drain at the bottom of the toe wall.
5. The Chute drain to be constructed.
6. The Geogreen blanket or any sort of treatment for vegetation over the slope shall be
provided.
7. A cut drain above the top of the slope need to constructed connecting the existing chute
drain and proposed chute drain.

Page 13 of 22
 Figure 3.3: Proposed Treatment of affected area

Figure 3.3: Overview of affected area

3.5 ESTIMATION OF COST

Page 14 of 22
Table 3.2: Estimate for rehabilitation work for Culvert Slope protection from Ch-99+900 to 99+950)

Rate with Rem

S.No. Work Description UNIT Rate Qty. Amount
10% hike arks
Earthwork excavation necessary for
construction of roadway/structures
including all leads and lifts complete as
1 Cum 350 385 750 288750
per Technical Specification clause
no.301, complete in all respects as
directed by Engineer.
Providing and fixing in position
HYSD/TMT reinforcement including
cutting, bending, binding etcncomplete
job as per drwaingh and specifications.
2 MT 78000 85800 17.6 1510080
Laps, chairs and wastage shall be
included in the rate and shall not br
considered in the measurement
including the transportation.
Reinforced Cement concrete of specified
mix as under with stone aggregates
20mm nominal size mechanically mixed
and vibrated in foundation, sub
4 structure and superstructure for thin as Cum 7500 8250 504 4158000
well as thick section including
shuttering/ formwork conforming to NP
MOST specification Clauses no. Collap
1000,1500 &1700. (M-25 Grade) sed
Segregation cleaning breaking to Slope
required size and laying of boulders with Prote
M-15 concrete (30% boulders and 70% ction
5 concrete) to provide cemented boulders Cum 0 0 near
base as a complete job as per rotary
specification and drawing and as .
directed by engineer incharge
Supply of Stones for plumb wall
5.(a) including all leads and lift upto site (30% Cum 725 797.5 435 346912.5
Boulders)
Providing and Laying PCC M-15 including
1118 6704208.
5.(b) of all materials, manpower and Cum 5450 5995
.3 5
machinery (70% Concrete)
Supply and fixing of formwork required
for all types of concrete wall as per
design Drawings, Specification standard
6 method statement rates includes tie Sqm 496 545.6 1079 588702.4
rods PVC Pipe for the rods and supports
for formwork (up to a maximum height
up to 16 mtr).
To erect access scaffolding for the whole
work including dismantling and staking
at designated location. The rate shall 967.
7 Sqm 100 110 106425
include all labour, lead, lift, handling 5
complete with contractor's own
equipment for complete job except

Page 15 of 22
 scaffolding. Measurement Shall be done
purely length and height of structure.

Supply and Fixing of HDPE weep holes.

The rate shall include all labour,
8 materials, lead, lift, handling, wastage Rmt 190 209 1350 282150
complete with contractor's own
equipment for complete job.
Providing and laying of Filter media
behind walls of abutment and retaining
wall etc. with granular materials/stone
9 crushed aggregates satisfying the Cum 1450 1595 300 478500
requirements laid down in clause
2504.2.2 of morth specifications to a
thickness of not less then 600mm width
10 Backfilling Cum 350 385 1550 596750
1506047
Total Amount (Rs)
8

4 SLOPE FAILURE ABOVE NORTH PORTAL LOCATION

4.1 GENRAL DESCRIPTION

This area above the north portal could be a potential threat to Tunnel due to slope instability at
top bench above portal. The top bench is constructed over loose colluvium material and very
wide open cracks has been developed in shotcrete. The colluvium material is drained out behind
the shotcrete and created a hollow space, results in rupturing of huge block of Shotcrete hanging
over portal and supported by very few rock bolts. The area behind the top bench develops huge
wide open cracks seems to be crown of slip circle. The first bench area if fails then directly falls
over ventilation building from 70m height and could be a reason for closing tunnelling
operations.

4.2 GEOLOGY OF FAILURE AREA:

The Top bench is constructed over loose colluvium material. Unconsolidated sediments that have
been deposited at the base of hillslopes by either rain wash, sheet wash, slow
continuous downslope creep, or a variable combination of these processes. Colluvium is typically
composed of a heterogeneous range of rock types and sediments ranging from silt to rock
fragments of various sizes. This term is also used to specifically refer to sediment deposited at the
base of a hillslope by un concentrated surface runoff or sheet erosion .The landforms created by
landslides (colluviums), help to perpetuate the slides. Closed depressions, troughs and benches
that commonly form near the head scarps of landslides allow increased percolation of water into
the slide mass and along the slide plane, accumulate rainwater and destabilize the slide. Shallow
debris slides destabilize the adjacent upslope area when they move. This leads to a progressive
upslope sequence of debris slides or debris flows.

Page 16 of 22
4.3 ROOT CAUSE OF FAILURE:

As it has been observed in root cause analysis that the entire mass is moving above the top bench
and tension cracks also visible on surface and water is percolating through the tension cracks.

4.4 RECOMMENDATION AS REMEDIAL MEASURES.

1. The top unstable mass to be excavated and removal above the top bench manually as it is
very difficult to deploy the machinery for excavation and removal of the material.
2. As after the excavation and removal of materials, it looks like a wide bench of 20-25m. The
PCC of 150mm of M15 grade with some water proofing compound to be laid over the bench
with gentle slope to avis any water stagnation over the bench.
3. The plumb gravity wall to be constructed at the edge of the hill with PCC cut drain at the
bottom of gravity wall.
4. The gravity wall to be constructed in block wise manner i.e. bottom width 1.5m and height is
1m than, offset of 0.5m towards the hill for next block of 1.5m wide and 1m high up to height
of 10m.
5. The optical targets to be installed over the gravity wall for monitoring any further movement
of the slope mass.

Figure 4.1: Plan View of North Portal

Page 17 of 22
 Figure 4.2: Slip Circle and required excavation on North Portal

Figure 4.3: Remedial Measures on North Portal

4.5 ESTIMATION OF COST

Page 18 of 22
 Rate with
S.No. Work Description UNIT Rate Qty Amount(rs.)
20% hike)
Earthwork excavation including breaking of
concrete,shotcrete with steel cutting
1 including all leads and lifts in all respects and Cum 1500 16000 24000000
including dumping location as directed by
Engineer.
Segregation cleaning breaking to required
size and laying of boulders with M-15
concrete (30% boulders and 70% concrete)
2 to provide cemented boulders base as a Cum 0
complete job as per specification and
drawing and as directed by engineer
incharge
Supply of Stones for plumb wall including all
2.(a) Cum 725 870 525 456750
leads and lift upto site (30% Boulders)
Providing and Laying PCC M-15 including of
2.(b) all materials, manpower and machinery (70% Cum 5450 6540 1257 8220780
Concrete)
Supply and fixing of formwork required for
all types of concrete wall as per design
Drawings, Specification standard method
3 Sqm 496 595.2 1687.5 1004400
statement rates includes tie rods PVC Pipe
for the rods and supports for formwork (up
to a maximum height up to 16 mtr).
To erect access scaffolding for the whole
work including dismantling and staking at
designated location. The rate shall include all
4 labour, lead, lift, handling complete with Sqm 100 120 800 96000
contractor's own equipment for complete
job except scaffolding. Measurement Shall be
done purely length and height of structure.
Supply and Fixing of HDPE weep holes. The
rate shall include all labour, materials, lead,
5 lift, handling, wastage complete with Nos. 190 228 1750 399000
contractor's own equipment for complete
job.
Providing and laying of Filter media behind
walls of abutment and retaining wall etc.
with granular materials/stone crushed
6 aggregates satisfying the requirements laid Cum 1450 1740 300 522000
down in clause 2504.2.2 of morth
specifications to a thickness of not less then
300mm width
7 Backfilling Cum 350 420 1600 672000
Total Amount (Rs) 35370930

5 THE SEEPAGE IN ESCAPE TUNNEL

5.1 GENERAL

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 During the site visit of escape tunnel, the seepage has been observed in Escape tunnel at some
locations.

Figure 5.1: Overview of seepage in Escape Tunnel

Figure 5.2: Overview of seepage on Left side of Escape Tunnel

5.2 ROOT CAUSE OF SEEPAGE

Seasonal effect: - As in the monsoon season, the humidity in atmosphere is quite high, the air -

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 conditioner were installed in cross passages and due to condensation, lot of water has been
coming out from AC’s outdoor unit which has been regulated through pipes in drain of escape
tunnel, this water look like as seepage on right side of the escape tunnel.

The gradient of drain is not uniform, due to this water is stagnant at few of the location and
looks like seepage

Furthermore, during clearing of tunnel, lot of dust particles are sticking on wall just above the
drain. With capillary action water is going up on wall.

Figure 5.3: Capillary Action on Right side of Escape Tunnel

On some location i.e. near CP-20, CP-3, Seepage has been observed on left side of the escape
tunnel. That may be area of concern.

5.3 WAY FORWARD

The seepage location will be inspected again after one month from the end of the rainy season to
counteract the seasonal effect.

The dust particles above the drain shall be cleaned up,Identify the location of seepage, than
Chemical grouting i.e PU shall be done by some specialized agency.

6 TRANSVERSE CRACKS ON WALLS OF ESCAPE TUNNEL

The transverse cracks have been observed during the site visit on some of the locations.

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These cracks are just like hairline cracks,

These cracks are may be due to shrinkage, temperature variation or due to vibration in
shuttering.

On precautionary measures, these locations shall be marked and glass strip can be installed for
monitoring for widening up the cracks.
If these cracks widen up than some corrective measures will be taken up.

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