Sei sulla pagina 1di 19

DE LA SALLE UNIVERSITY - COLLEGE OF LAW

CONSTITUTIONAL LAW I
First Semester, AY 2019-2020

I. COURSE INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW

A. Course Objectives:

a. To help you become lawyers (Pass the bar)


b. To help you become good lawyers (for your future clients, to be able to
argue any position)
c. To teach law in a grand manner and to help you become great lawyers (for justice, for
the poor, for the country, and for the world)

*Recommended References:
1. Joaquin Bernas S.J., The 1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines:
A Commentary. Rex Bookstore (2003)
2. Isagani and Carlo Cruz, Political Law (latest edition)

B. Course Overview

II. THE LIVING CONSTITUTION: LAW, HISTORY, AND POLITICS

*The Oresteia by Aeschylus


(can be downloaded at http://gutenberg.net.au/ebooks07/0700021.txt)

*An Enemy of the People by Henrik Ibsen


(can be downloaded at http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2446/2446-h/2446-h.htm)

*Marbury v. Madison, 1 Cranch (5 US) 137, 2 l. ed. 60 (1803)

*Valino vs Adriano (GR 182894, 22 April 2014, read dissent of Justice Leonen)

*Imbong v Ochoa, et al. (G.R. Nos. 204819 et. al, 2015)

*Estrada v. Escritor [A.M. No. P-02-1651. August 4, 2003]

*Ocampo et al. vs. Enriquez, G.R. Nos. 225973, November 2016. (Read all
dissents)

*Javellana vs. Executive Secretary, G.R. No. L-36142. March 31, 1973 (Read all
dissents)

*Lagman vs Medialdea G.R. No. 231658/G.R. No. 231771/G.R. No. 231774. July
4, 2017 (Read all dissents)

*Republic vs Sereno G.R. No. 237428. May 11, 2018 (Read all dissents)

*Jose Rizal, Noli Me Tangere and El Filubusterismo, see also ELIAS AND
SALOME, http://thelifeandworksofrizal.blogspot.com/2012/01/missing-chapter-
elias-and-salome.html
*W. Michael Reisman, Myth System and Operational Code, download at
http://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?
article=1711&context=fss_papers

III. WHAT IS THE PHILIPPINES? (TERRITORY, PEOPLE, and GOVERNMENT)

1. TERRITORY

*Article 2, Philippine Constitution (National Territory) - Compare with 1935 and


1973 versions

*Magallona vs. Ermita G.R No. 187167 (2011)

*United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), Articles 46-54
http://www.un.org/depts/los/convention_agreements/texts/unclos/unclos_e.pdf

*The Republic of the Philippines v. the People’s Republic of China – https://pca-


cpa.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/175/2016/07/PH-CN-20160712-Award.pdf

*Treaty of Paris, Article III

*R. A. No. 3046 as amended by RA No. 5446 - "AN ACT TO DEFINE THE
BASELINES OF THE TERRITORIAL SEA OF THE PHILIPPINES"

*R. A. No. 9522 – “AN ACT TO AMEND CERTAIN PROVISIONS OF R. A. NO.


3046, AS AMENDED BY R. A. NO. 5446, TO DEFINE THE ARCHIPELAGIC
BASELINES OF THE PHILIPPINES, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES”

*PD No. 1599: ESTABLISHING AN EXCLUSIVE ECONOMIC ZONE AND FOR


OTHER PURPOSES June 11, 1978.

Articles:

*Bateman, Behm, et. al Assessing the South China Award July 2016)
https://www.aspi.org.au/publications/assessing-the-south-china-sea-
award/SI108_SouthChinaSea_anthology.pdf
*Antonio T. Carpio, Protecting the nation’s marine wealth in the West Philippine
sea (2014), download at http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/aboutsc/justices/j-carpio/03-06-
14-speech.pdf

*Paterno Esmaquel II, Top Philippine judge uses Chinese maps vs. China (see
full presentation of Justice Carpio embedded in the Rappler article), download
at http://www.rappler.com/nation/60167-top-philippine-judge-carpio-chinese-
maps- china

*The Arbitral Award and the Future Management of the South China Sea
Disputes
https://amti.csis.org/arbitral-award-future-management-south-china-sea-disputes/

Recent developments: read links below

*The Philippines' pivot to China


http://www.rappler.com/thought-leaders/148928-duterte-philippines-pivot-china
*The Surprising New Challenge for the US in the South China Sea
http://thediplomat.com/2016/09/the-surprising-new-challenge-for-the-us-in-the-
south-china-sea/

*Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte Meets Xi Jinping: First Takeaways


http://thediplomat.com/2016/10/philippine-president-rodrigo-duterte-meets-xi-
jinping-first-takeaways/

*Duterte on South China Sea claims: We won’t insist now


https://globalnation.inquirer.net/147579/duterte-on-south-china-sea-claims-we-
wont-insist-now

*The contest to control the South China Sea just got a lot more complicated
http://www.businessinsider.com/philippine-president-duterte-complicates-south-
china-sea-power-struggle-2016-10

*Rodrigo Duterte Has Achieved a Strange Feat in the South China Sea
http://nationalinterest.org/blog/the-buzz/rodrigo-duterte-has-achieved-strange-
feat-the-south-china-17990

Links on Sabah issue:

*http://philippineclaimoversabah.blogspot.com

*http://thediplomat.com/2016/05/malaysia-warns-philippines-duterte-against-
reigniting-sabah-dispute/

*https://kami.com.ph/14792-brace-june-puns-coming.html

*http://web.stanford.edu/group/tomzgroup/pmwiki/uploads/1072-1968-12-xx-ks-a-
ajg.pdf

2. PEOPLE

1.A CITIZENSHIP
Article IV, Sections 1-5

CASE LIST
• Poe-Llamanzares v. Commission on Elections, G.R. No. 221697-
700, Mar. 8, 2016/
• David v. Poe-Llamanzares, SET Case No. 001-15, Nov. 17,
2005, available at http://www.set.gov.ph/wp-
content/uploads/2015/11/SET-Decision-SET-CASE-001-15-
David-v-Poe-Lamanzares.pdf
• Aznar v. COMELEC, 185 SCRA 703 (1990)
• Tecson vs Comelec (FPJ case) 424 SCRA
277 (2004)
• Co v. Electoral Tribunal of the House of Representatives,
199 SCRA 692 (1991)
• Willie Yu v. Defensor-Santiago, 169 SCRA 364 (1989)
• Labo v. COMELEC, 176 SCRA 1 (1989)
• Frivaldo v. COMELEC,174 SCRA 245
• Frivaldo vs. COMELEC, 257 SCRA 727 (1996)
• Angat v. Republic, 314 SCRA 438 (1999.)
• Bengzon v. Cruz, 357 SCRA 545 (2001)
• Valles v. COMELEC, 337 SCRA 543 (2000.)
• Mercado vs. Manzano and COMELEC, 307
SCRA 630 (1999)

• See: Philippine Law Journal, Volume 90, Issue


No. 2: High noon in the Supreme Court: The Poe-Llamanzares
Decision and its Impact on Substantive and Procedural
Jurisprudence (2016), by Antonio G. M. La Viña, Nico Robert R.
Martin, and Josef Leroi Garcia

LAWS
THE DUAL CITIZENSHIP LAW, R.A. 9225 (2004)

B. SUFFRAGE
Article 5, Sections 1-2

CASE LIST

• Gallego v. Verra, 73 Phil. 453, 455-456 (1941)


• Romualdezv. RTC, 226 SCRA 408, 415 (1993)
• Romualdez
• Akbayan v. COMELEC, 355 SCRA 318 (2001)
• Ceniza v. COMELEC, 95 SCRA 703 (1980)
• Macalintal v. COMELEC, 405 SCRA 614 (2003)

LAWS
RA 9189 (THE OVERSEAS ABSENTEE VOTING ACT)

*Moot court exercise on citizenship

3. GOVERNMENT
See Bernas, S.J., pp. 35-46

CASE LIST
a. Government of the Philippines, Defined
• U.S. v. Dorr, 2 Phil. 332, at 339 (1903)

b. Constituent and Ministrant and Functions of the Government


• Bacani vs. Nacoco, November 29, 1956.

c. Traditional Classification of Government Functions


Obliterated
• ACCFA v. CUGCO, 30 SCRA 256 (1989)

d. De Facto and De Jure Government


• Co Kim Cham v. Valdez, 75 Phil. 113 (1946)

e. Revolutionary Government
• Republic v. Sandiganbayan, 406 SCRA 190 (2003)
• In Re: Bermudez, G.R. No. 76180, 24 October 1986.

f. Parens Patriae
• Government v. Monte de Piedad, 35 Phil. 728 (1916)
• Southern Luzon Drug Corporation v. DSWD, G.R. No.
199669, 25 April 2017.
t
g. Immunity from Suit
• Republic v. Feliciano, 148 SCRA 424 (1987)
• Meritt v. Government of the Phil. Island, 34 Phil.
311 (1916)
• Phil. Agila Satellite v. Lichauco, G.R. No. 134887, July 27,
2006
• Air Transportation Office v. Ramos, G.R. No. 159402, 23
February 2011.
• Republic v. Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 88537, 17 April 1990.
• Municipality of San Fernando v. Firme, G.R. No. 52179, 8 April
1991.
• Professional Video, Inc. v. TESDA, G.R. No. 155504, 26 June
2009

h. Sovereign Immunity in Relation to a Foreign Entity


• Deusche Gesellschaft Fur Technische Zusammenarbeit v. Court
of Appeals, G.R. No. 152318, 16 April 2009.
• Minucher v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 142396. 11 February
2003.
• Republic of Indonesia v. Vinzons, G.R. No. 154705, 26 June
2003.

i. Money Claims
• Ministerio v. CFI, 40 SCRA 464 (1971)

j. Inherent Powers of the State


• Rubi v. Provincial Board, 39 Phil. 660 (1919)
• Agustin v. Edu, 88 SCRA 195 (1979)
• National Transmission Corporation v. Oroville
Development Corporation, G.R. No. 223366, 1 August 2017.
• Manila Memorial Park, Inc. v. Secretary of the
DSWD, G.R. No. 175356, 3 December 2013.

IV. WHO MAKES OUR LAWS? (THE LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT)

CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS

1.a.i.1. 1. MEMBERSHIP IN THE LEGISLATURE


Article VI, Sections 2-14

1.a.i.1. 2. ORGANIZATION OF THE LEGISLATURE


Article VI, Sections 15-21,

1.a.i.1. 3. POWERS OF CONGRESS


Article VI, Sections 1, 5, 18, 21, 25-28
Article III

1.a.i.1. 4. LEGISLATIVE PROCESS


Article VI, Sections 24-29

1.a.i.1. 5. INITIATIVE AND REFERENDUM


Article VI, Section 32
CASE LIST

1.a.i.1. 1. MEMBERSHIP IN THE LEGISLATURE


Article VI, Sections 2-14

a. Residence Qualification (Section 6)


• Romualdez-Marcos v. COMELEC, 248 SCRA
300 (1995)
• Domino v. COMELEC, 310 SCRA 546 (1999)
• Jalosjos v. COMELEC GR No. 191970, April 24,
2012
• Ongsiako Reyes v. COMELEC, GR No. 207264, June 25,
2013; motions for reconsideration denied with finality on
December 3, 2013

b. Term and Tenure (Section 7)


• Dimaporo v. Mitra, 202 SCRA 779 (1991)
• Fariñas, et al. v. Executive Secretary, 417 SCRA
503 (2003)

a.i.1. Election (Section 8)


• Codilla v. De Venecia, 393 SCRA 639 (2002)

a.i.2. Special Election (Section 9)


• Tolentino v. COMELEC, 420 SCRA 438 (2004)

a.i.3. Party List System (Section 5)


• Veterans Federation Party v. COMELEC,
342 SCRA 224 (2000)
• Ang Bagong Bayani v. COMELEC, 359 SCRA 698
(2001)
• Ang Bagong Bayani-OFW Labor party v.
COMELEC, June 2, 2003
• Barangay Association for National Advancement and
Transparency (BANAT) v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 179271, April
21, 2009
• Atong Paglaum v. COMELEC GR No. 203766, April
2, 2013
• Cocofed-Philippine Coconut Producers Federation Inc. vs.
COMELEC GR No. 207026, August 6, 2013
• Abang Lingkod Party List v. COMELEC GR No. 206952,
October 22, 2013

c. Privilege from Arrest (Section 11)


• People v. Jalosjos, 324 SCRA 689 (2000)

d. Privilege of Speech (Section 11)


• Jimenez v. Cabangbang, G.R. No. L-15905,,
August 3, 1966
• Antonino v. Valencia, G.R. No. L-26526, May 27,
1974
• Pobre v. Defensor-Santiago, A.C. No. 7399, 25
August 2009.

e. Prohibitions (Section 14)


• Puyat v. De Guzman, 113 SCRA 31 (1982)
• Liban v. Gordon, G.R. No. 175352, July 15, 2009

1.a.i.1. 2. ORGANIZATION OF THE LEGISLATURE


Article VI, Sections 15-21,

a. Composition
• Chavez v. Judicial and Bar Council, G.R. No. 202242, 17 July
2012.
• Social Justice Society v. Dangerous Drugs Board, G.R. No.
157870, 3 November 2008.
• Sema v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 177597, 16 July 2008.
• Aquino v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 189793, 7 April 2010.

b. Officers (Section 16)


• Avelino v. Cuenco, March 4, 1949
• Santiago v. Guingona, supra
• Arroyo, et al. v. De Venecia, 277 SCRA 268 (1997)

c. Internal Discipline (Section 16)


• Osmeña v. Pendatun, 109 Phil. 863 (1960)
• Paredes, Jr. v. Sandiganbayan, G.R. No.
118364, August 8, 1995
• Defensor-Santiago v. Sandiganbayan, G.R> No. 128055, 18
April 2001.

d. Journals (Section 16)


• US v. Pons, 34 Phil. 729 (1916)
• Casco v. Phil. Chemical Co. v. Gimenez, 7 SCRA
347 (1963)
• Astorga v. Villegas, 56 SCRA 714 (1974)

1 Electoral Tribunals (Section 17)


• Angara v. Electoral Commission, 63 Phil. 139
(1936)
• Abbas, et al. v. Senate, 166 SCRA 651 (1988)
• Lazatin v. COMELEC, 157 SCRA 337 (1988)
• Lazatin v. COMELEC, 168 SCRA 391 (1988)
• Vinzons-Chato v. House of Representatives Electoral Tribunal
(HRET) and Panotes G.R. No. 199149; GR No. 201350,
January 22, 2013
• Tagolino v. HRET and Torres-Gomez, G.R. No. 202202, March
19, 2013.
• Barbers v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 165691, 22 June 2005.
• Pimentel v. HRET, G.R. No. 141489, 29 November 2002.
• Bondoc v. Pineda, G.R. No. 97710, 26 September 1991.

1.a.i.1. 3. POWERS OF CONGRESS


Article VI, Sections 1, 5, 18, 21, 25-28
Article III

a. Non-delegability of legislative power (Section 1)


• Eastern Shipping Lines v. POEA, 166 SCRA 533
(1988)
• Tablarin v. Gutierrez, 152 SCRA 730 (1987)
• Tatad v. Secretary of Energy, 282 SCRA 337
(1997)
• People v. Dacuycuy, 173 SCRA 90 (1989)
• Chiongbian v. Orbos, 245 SCRA 253 (1995)
• Sema v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 177597,
July 16 2008 [In relation to Art. VI, Sec. 5]

b. Commission on Appointments (Section 18)


• Daza v. Singson, 180 SCRA 496 (1989)
• Coseteng v. Mitra, Jr., 187 SCRA 377 (1990)
• Guingona, Jr. v. Gonzales, 214 SCRA 789 (1992)

c. Legislative Investigations (Section 21)


• Arnault v. Nazareno, 87 Phil. 29, 45 (1950)
• Bengzon v. Senate Blue Ribbon Comm., 203
SCRA 767 (1991)
• Sabio, v. Gordon, et al. - G.R. No. 174340, October
17, 2006
• Romulo L. Neri v. Senate Committee on Accountability of
Public Officers and Investigations, Senate Committee on Trade
and Commerce, and Senate Committee on National Defense
and Security, G.R. No. 180643 (2008)
• Garcillano v. House Committee on Public Information, G.R.
No. 170338, 23 Decemnber 2008.

1.a.i.1. 4. LEGISLATIVE PROCESS


Article VI, Sections 24-29

a. Legislative Procedure and Restrictions


• Abas Kida v. Senate, G.R. No. 196271, 18 October 2011.
• Abakada Guro Partylist v. Executive Secretary, G.R. No. 168056,
1 September 2005.
• Arroyo v. De Venecia, G.R. No. 127255, 14 August 1997.

a. Appropriations (Section 25)


• Garcia v. Mata, 65 SCRA 517 (1975)

b. Transfer of Funds (Section 25)


• Demetria v. Alba, 148 SCRA 208 (1987)
• Araullo vs.. Aquino III, G.R. No. 209287 February 3, 2015; read
also the original decision on July 1, 2014

c. Subject and Title of Bills (Section 26)


• Central Capiz v. Ramirez, 40 Phil. 883, 891 (1920)
• Tolentino v. Secretary of Finance, 235 SCRA 630
(1994)
• De Guzman v. Comelec, G.R. No. 129118, 19 July
2000.

d. Item Veto (Section 27)


• Commission of Internal Revenue v. CTA, 185 SCRA 329 (1990)
• Gonzales v. Macaraig, 191 SCRA 452 (1990)
• Philconsa v. Enriquez, 235 SCRA 508 (1994)
• Belgica, et al. v. Executive Secretary, et al GR No. 208566,
November 11, 2013

e. Tax Laws (Section 28)


• Commissioner of BIR v. CA, 298 SCRA 83 (1998)
• CIR v. Santos, 277 SCRA 617 (1997)
f. Expenditure of Funds (Section 29)
• Guingona, Jr. v. Carague, 196 SCRA 221 (1991)
• Pascual v. Secretary of Public Works, 110 Phil.
331-346 (1960)
• Osmeña v. Orbos, 220 SCRA 703 (1993)
• Remman Enterprises, Inc. vs. Professional Regulatory Board
of Real Estate Service and Professional Regulation
Commission G.R. No. 197676, February 4, 2014

1.a.i.1. 5. INITIATIVE AND REFERENDUM


Article VI, Section 32

a. Initiative and Referendum (Section 32)


• Garcia v. COMELEC, 237 SCRA 279 (1994)

LAWS:
• RA No. 7941: AN ACT PROVIDING FOR THE ELECTION OF PARTY-LIST
REPRESENTATIVES THROUGH THE PARTY-LIST SYSTEM, March 3, 1995.
• RA No. 6735: AN ACT PROVIDING FOR A SYSTEM OF INITIATIVE AND
REFERENDUM, August 4, 1989

*Simulation exercise: Bicameral conference committee on the Budget

V. WHO IMPLEMENTS THE LAW AND RUNS THE GOVERNMENT? (EXECUTIVE


DEPARTMENT)

CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS

1.a.i.1. 1. PRESIDENT AND VICE-PRESIDENT


Article VII, Sections. 2-13

1.a.i.1. 2. POWERS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE PRESIDENT


Article VII, Sections 1, 13-23
Article X, Sections 4 and 16
Article VI, Sections 9, 23, 27, 28
Article III, Section 13
Article VI, Section 23 (2)
Article XII, Section 21

CASE LIST
1.a.i.1. 1. PRESIDENT AND VICE-PRESIDENT
Article VII, Sections. 2-13

a.a.i.1. a. Election and Canvass (Section 4)


• Macalintal v. COMELEC. 405 SCRA 614 (2003)
• Congressman Lopez v. Senate and House, G.R. No. 163556,
June 4, 2004
• Pimentel v. Joint Canvassing Committee, June 22,
2004

a.a.i.1. b. Vacancy situations during the term (Section 8)


• Estrada v. Desierto, supra

a.a.i.1. c. Temporary Disability (Section 8)


• Estrada v. Desierto, supra
a.a.i.1. d. Prohibitions (Section 13)
• Doromal v. Sandiganbayan, 177 SCRA 354 (1989)
• Civil Liberties Union v. Executive Secretary, 194 SCRA 317
(1991)
• Bitonio Jr. v. COA, G.R. No. 147392, March 12,
2004
• Estrada v. Desierto, supra
• Soliven v. Makasiar, 167 SCRA 393 (1988)

1.a.i.1. 2. POWERS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE PRESIDENT


Article VII, Sections 1, 13-23

a.a.i.1. a. Executive Power (Section 1)


• Carpio v. Executive Secretary, 206 SCRA 290
(1992)
• Marcos v. Manglapus, 177 SCRA 668 (1989)
• Pichay Jr. v. Office of the Deputy Executive Secretary for Legal
Affairs GR No. 196425, 24 July 2012
• Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer, 343 U.S. 579 (1952)
See also: Jackson's Concurring Opinion (focus on Justice
Jackson's three categorization's of presidential power and his
concept of “zone of twilight”)
• Saguisag v. Executive Secretary, G.R. No. 212426, Jan. 12,
2016

a.a.i.1. b. Power to Appoint and Prohibited Appointments (Section 16)


• Government v. Springer, 50 Phil. 259 (1927)
• Bermudez v. Executive Secretary, 213 SCRA 733
(1999)
• Matibag v. Benipayo, 380 SCRA 49 (2002)
• De Castro v. JBC; GR No. 191002, March
17,2010
• Funa v. Executive Secretary, G.R. No. 184740,
February 11, 2010
• Calderon v. Carale, G.R. No. 91636, 23 April 1992.
• Rufino v. Endriga, G.R. No. 139554, 21 July 2006.
• Luego v. Civil Service Commission, G.R. No.
69137, 5 August 1986.
• Matibag v. Benipayo, G.R. No. 149036, 2 April
2002.

a.a.i.1. c. Power of Control and Supervision, and the Doctrine of Qualified


Political Agency (Section 17)
• Lacson-Magallanes v Paño, 21 SCRA 895
• Blaquera, et al. v. Alcala, 295 SCRA 366 (1998)
• DENR v. DENR Employees, 409 SCRA 359
(2003)
• Senate v. Ermita, 488 SCRA 1 (2006)
• Rufino v. Endriga, G.R. No. 139554, July 21, 2006
• Drilon v. Lim, G.R> No. 112497, 4 August 1994.
• Ople v. Torres, G.R. No. 127685. 23 July 1998.
• Kilusang Mayo Uno v. Director General of NEDA,
G.R. No. 167798, 19 April 2006.
• Biraogo v. Truth Commission, G.R. No. 192935, 7
December 2010.
• Angeles v. Gaite, G.R. No. 176596, 23 March
2011.

a.a.i.1. d. Emergency Powers (Section 18)


• Lansang vs. Garcia G.R. No. L-33964 December 11,
1971
• Sanidad v. COMELEC, 73 SCRA 333 (1976)
• Aquino, Jr. v. Enrile, 59 SCRA 183
• Enrile v. Salazar G.R. 92163, June 5, 1990
• Enrile vs. Sandiganbayan GR 213847 (August 18,
2015)
• Ilagan vs. Enrile, G.R. No. 70748 October 21, 1985
• Brocka et. al. vs. Enrile G.R. No. 69863-65 (December 10, 1990)
• Gudani v. Senga, SCRA 498 SCRA 671 (2006)
• IBP vs. Zamora, et al. G.R. No. 141284. August 15,
2000.
• Sanlakas v. Reyes, G.R. No. 159085, February 3,
2004.
• Gonzales v. Abaya, 498 SCRA 445 (2006)
• David v. Macapagal-Arroyo (PP1017), GR 171396,
May 3, 2006
• Fortun vs. Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, as Commander-in-Chief
and President of the Republic of the Philippines, Eduardo
Ermita, G.R. No. 190293 March 20, 2012, See also: Dissent of
Justice Carpio.
• Lagman vs Medialdea G.R. No. 231658/G.R. No. 231771/G.R.
No. 231774. July 4, 2017
• Lacson v. Perez, G.R. No. 147780, 10 May 2011.

a.a.i.1. Power to Pardon and Grant Amnesty (Section 19)


• Barrioquinto v. Fernandez, 82 Phil. 642 (1949)
• Monsanto v. Factoran, 170 SCRA 190 (1989)
• Llamas v. Orbos, 202 SCRA 844 (1991)
• Drilon v. CA, 202 SCRA 378 (1991)
• Atty. Alicia Risos-Vidal, vs. COMELEC and Joseph Ejercito
Estrada G.R. No. 206666 January 21, 2015
• People v. Salle, G.R. No. 103567, 4 December 1995.

a.a.i.1. f. International Agreement (Section 21)


• Bayan v. Executive Secretary, 342 SCRA 449
(2000)
• Secretary of Justice v. Judge Lantion, 343 SCRA
377 (2000)
• Akbayan v. Aquino, supra
• Bayan Muna v. Romulo, G.R. No. 159618, 1
February 2011.

REFERENCE – Policy Papers on Emergency Powers of the President (2007)

*Moot court exercise on martial law powers

VI. WHO INTERPRETS THE CONSTITUTION AND THE LAW AND WHO RESOLVES
DISPUTES? (JUDICIAL DEPARTMENT)

A.a.i.1. A. CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS


Article VIII, Sections 1-16
2. POWER OF JUDICIAL REVIEW

A. CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS
Article VIII, Sections 1, 4(2), 5(2), 5(5)

B. CASE LIST:

• 1. Origin of Judicial Review


• Marbury v. Madison, 1 Cranch (5 US) 137, 2 l. ed. 60
(1803)
• Angara v. Electoral Tribunal, 63 Phil. 139 (1936)
• The Federalist No. 78, Available at:

http://www.constitution.org/fed/federa78.htm.

• 2. Requisites of Judicial Review


• PACU v. Secretary of Education, 97 Phil. 806 (1955);
• Tan v. Macapagal, 43 SCRA 678 (1972).
• People v. Vera, Phil. 58, 89 (1937).

• 3. Actual Controversy
• Mariano v. COMELEC, 242 SCRA 211 (1995)
• Province of North Cotabato v. GRP, Esperon et. al.,
G.R. No. 183591, October 14, 2008
• Muskrat v. United States, 219 US 346 (1911)
• Lozano v. Nograles, G.R. No. 187883, 16 June
2009.
• Knights of Rizal v. DMCI, G.R. No. 213948, Apr. 18,
2017

• 4. Moot and Academic Principle


• Alunan III v. Mirasol, 276 SCRA 501, 511 (1997)
• AKBAYAN v. Thomas G. Aquino, G.R. No. 170516, July 16,
2008
• Nieto, Jr vs. SEC GR No. 175263, March 14, 2012
• Lacson v. Perez, G.R. No. 147780, 10 May 2001.

5. Legal Standing
• Macasiano v. NHA, 224 SCRA 236 (1993)
• Kilosbayan v. Guingona, 232 SCRA 110 (1994)
• Senate of the Philippines v. Ermita, 488 SCRA 1,
at 39 (2006)
• Fortun v. Macapagal-Arroyo, G.R. No. 120293, 20
March 2012.

6. Lis Mota
• General v. Urro, G.R. No. 191560, 29 March 2011.

7. Raise a Constitutional Issue at the Earliest Possible Opportunity


• Macalintal v. Presidential Electoral Tribunal, G.R. No. 191618,
23 November 2010.
• Hacienda Luisita v. Presidential Agrarian Reform Council, G.R.
No. 171101, 5 July 2011.
8. Doctrine of Transcendental Importance
• Kilosbayan v. Guingona, G.R. No. 113375, 5 May 1994.
• Kilosbayan v. Morato, G.R. No. 118910, 16 November 1995.

• 8. Taxpayer’s suit
• Tatad v. Garcia, Jr, 243 SCRA 436 (1995)
• Pascual v. Secretary of Public Works & Communications, 110
Phil. 331 (1960)
• Del Mar vs. PAGCOR, 346 SCRA 485 (2000)

9. Political Question
• Tanada v. Cuenco, 13 SCRA 375 (1965)
• Daza v. Singson, 180 SCRA 496 (1989)
• Baker v. Carr, 369 U.S. 186 (1962)
• Francisco v. House of Representatives, G.R. No.
160261, 10 November 2003.

10. Doctrine of Operative Fact


• League of Cities of the Philippines v. Commission on Elections,
G.R. No. 176951, 24 August 2010
• Chavez v. Judicial and Bar Council, G.R. No. 202242, 17 July
2012.

Recent cases:

*Jose Jesus M. Disini, Jr., et al vs. Secretary of Justice G.R. No. 203335 February
11, 2014; See also resolution on motion for reconsideration (April 22, 2014
* Lawyers Against Monopoly and Poverty (LAMP)) vs. The Secretary of Budget and
Management, GR No. 164987, April 24, 2012
*Garcia v. Drilon GR No. 179267, June 25, 2013

JUDICIAL ACTIVISM AND JUDICIAL RESTRAINT

• Article VIII, Section 5(5)


• Reynato S. Puno, “The View from the Mountaintop,” Keynote
Speech delivered at the National Consultative Summit on
Extrajudicial Killings and Enforced Disappearances, Centennial Hall,
Manila Hotel, 16 July 2017, Available at:
http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/publications.summit/EJK
%20Summit%20CJRSP%20Keynote %20Speech.pdf
• Oposa vs. Factoran, G.R. No. 101083, 30 July 1993.

B. JUDICIAL POWER
• Lopez v. Roxas, 17 Phil 766 (1966)

B.a.i.1. Effect of Section 1 (2) on Judicial Inquiry (Section 1)


• Marcos v. Manglapus, 177 SCRA 688 (1989)
• Echegaray v. The Secretary of Justice, 19 January
1999
• In Re: Wenceslao Laureta, 148 SCRA 382 (1987)

B.a.i.2. SC Division and En Banc (Section 4)


• People v. Dy, 395 SCRA 256 (2003)
• Fortich v. Corona, 312 SCRA 751 (1999)
• Firestone Ceramics v. CA, 334 SCRA 465 (2000)
• League of Cities of the Philippines v. COMELEC,
G.R. No. 176951, 21 December 2009, See also: Dissent of Justice
Carpio.
• Agoy v. Araneta Center, Inc., G.R. No. 196358, 21
March 2012.
• In Re: Problems of Delays on Cases Before the
Sandiganbayan, A.M. No. 00-8-05-SC, 28 November 2001.

a.i.3. Powers of the Judiciary (Section 5)


• In re Cunanan, 94 Phil. 534 (1954)
• Fabian v. Desierto, 295 SCRA 470, 492 (1998)
• In re Integration of the Bar of the Philippines, 49 SCRA 25-27
(1973)
• Tan v. IBP Commission on Bar Discipline, 501 SCRA 156 (2006)
• Secretary of Defense v. Manalo, G.R. No. 180906, 7 October
2008.
• Baguio Market Vendors Multi-Purpose Cooperative v. Cabato-
Cortes, G.R. No. 165922, 26 February 2010
• People v. Mateo, G.R. No. 147678, 7 July 2004.

Judicial and Bar Council (Section 8)


• Chavez v. Judicial and Bar Council (JBC) GR No.
202242,
April 16, 2014
• Chavez vs. JBC GR No. 202242, July 17, 2012
• De Castro v. JBC, G.R. No. 191002, 17 March
2010.
• In Re: Nomination of Atty. Lynda Chaguile, IBP Ifugao President,
as replacement for IBP Governor for Northern Luzon, Denis B.
Habawel AM No. 13-04-03-SC, December 10, 2013
• Jardeleza vs. JBC, G.R. No. 213181 (2014)
• Villanueva v. JBC, G.R. No. 211833, April 07, 2015

a.i.4. Salaries fixed by law (Section 10)


• Nitafan v. Commission of Internal Revenue, 152
SCRA 284

a.i.5. Legal basis of decisions (Section 14)


• Francisco vs.Permskul, G.R. No. 81006. May 12,
1989.
• Velarde v. Social Justice Society, 428 SCRA 283
(2004)

a.i.6 One Supreme Court


• Macalintal v. Presidential Electoral Tribunal, G.R. No. 191618,
23 November 2010.
• Estrada v. Desierto, G.R. No. 146710, 3 April 2001.
• Vargas v. Rilloraza, 80 Phil 297 (1948)
• Diaz v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 109698, 5 December 1994.

a.1.7 Fiscal Autonomy


• In Re: COA Opinion on the Computatuon of the Appraised Value
of the Properties Purchased by the Retired Chief/Associate
Justice of the Supreme Court, A.M. No. 11-7-10-SC, 31 July
2012.
VII. WHAT ARE THE INDEPENDENT CONSTITUTIONAL COMISSIONS?
(CONSTITUTIONAL COMMISIONS)

COMMON CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS


Article IX(A), Sections 1-7

CASE LIST
• Galido v. COMELEC, 193 SCRA 78 (1991)
• Mateo v. CA, 247 SCRA 284 (1995)
• Garces v. CA, 259 SCRA 99 (1996)
• CHREA v. CHR, G.R. 155336, July 21, 2006
• Gaminde v. Commission on Audit, G.R. No. 140335, 13 December
2000.

1.a.i.1. 1. CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION


Article IX(B), Sections 1-8

CASE LIST
• Mathay, Jr. Civil Service Commission, 312 SCRA 91 (1999)
• CSC v. Salas, 274 SCRA 414 (1997)
• Binamira v. Garrucho, Jr., 188 SCRA 154 (1990)
• Canonizado v. Aguirre, 323 SCRA 312 (2000)
• Luego v. CSC, 143 SCRA 327 (1986)
• Flores v. Drilon and Gordon, 223 SCRA 508 (1993)
• Civil Service Commission vs. Maricelle M. Cortes, G.R. No. 200103
April 23, 2014
• Department of Health v. NLRC, G.R. No. 113212, 29 December
1995.

1.a.i.1. 2. THE COMMISSION ON ELECTIONS


Article IX (C), Sections 1-11

CASE LIST
• Brillantes v. Yorac, 192 SCRA 358 (1990)
• Buac and Bautista v. COMELEC, 421 SCRA 92 (2004)
• LDP v. COMELEC, 423 SCRA 665 (2004)
• Kilosbayan v. COMELEC, 280 SCRA 892 (1997)
• Salazar v. COMELEC, 184 SCRA 433 (1990)
• Sanidad v. COMELEC, 181 SCRA 529 (1990)
• Diocese of Bacolod vs. COMELEC G.R. No. 205728 January 21,
2015
• GMA Network, Inc. vs. COMELEC, Senator Alan Peter
"COMPAÑERO" S. Cayetano G.R. No. 20535, September 2, 2014
• Maliksi v. COMELEC and Saquilayan G.R. No. 203302, Maliksi v.
COMELEC, March 12, 2013, reconsidered April 11, 2013
• National Press Club v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 102653, 5 March 1992.
• Bulilis v. Nuez, G.R. No. 195953, 9 August 2011.

1.a.i.1. 3. THE COMMISSION ON AUDIT


Article IX (C), Sections 1-11

CASE LIST
• DBP v. COA, 373 SCRA 356 (2002)
• Dingcong v. Guingona Jr., 162 SCRA 782 (1988)
• Danville Maritime, Inc. v. COA, 175 SCRA 701 (1989)
• Ramos v. Aquino, 39 SCRA 256 (1971)
• Funa vs. Manila Economic and Cultural Office and the Commission
on Audit, G.R. No. 193462, February 4, 2014
• Funa vs. Villar GR No. 192791, April 24, 2012
• Veloso v. COA, G.R. No. 193677,6 September 2011.

1.a.i.1. 4. OTHER CONSTITUTIONAL BODIES


a. Central Monetary Authority
Article XII, Sections 20-21

b. Economic and Planning Agencies


Article XII, Sections 9-10

c. National Commissions
• Commission on Human Rights (Article XIII)
➢ Commission on Human Rights Employees Association vs.
Commission on Human Rights, G.R. No. 155336, 21 July
2006.
➢ Simon v. Commission on Human Rights, G.R. No. 100150, 5
January 1994.
• National Language Commission ( Article XIV, Section
9)
• National Police Commission (Article XVI, Section 6)

VIII. WHAT IS THE ROLE OF LOCAL GOVERNMENTS?

CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS
Article X, Sections 1-21

CASE LIST
• Basco v. Pagcor, 197 SCRA 52 (1991)
• Limbona v. Mangelin, 170 SCRA 786)
• Ganzon v. CA, 200 SCRA 271 (1991)
• Pelaez v. Auditor General, 15 SCRA 569 (1965)
• Paredes v. The Executive Secretary, 128 SCRA 6
(1984) Acebedo Optical Company v. CA, 329 SCRA 314 (2000)
• Binay v. Domingo, 201 SCRA 508, 514 (1991)
• Dadole v. COA, 393 SCRA 262 (2002)
• Drilon v. Lim, 235 SCRA 135 (1994)
• Province of Rizal v. Executive Secretary, 477 SCRA 436 (2005)
• League of Cities of the Philippines vs. Commission on Elections, G.R.
Nos.176951, 177499,178056, December 21, 2009
• Province of North Cotabato v. GRP, Esperon, et. al. G.R. No. 183591, October
14, 2000

LAWS
1. The Local Government Code of 1991
2. R. A. No. 9054 - The Organic Act of Muslim Mindanao
3. Final version of Bangsamoro Basic Law

SEE ADDITIONAL MATERIALS ON THE BANGSAMORO BASIC LAW


Moot court on the Bangsamoro Basic law

IX. HOW DO WE HOLD PUBLIC OFFICERS ACCOUNTABLE?


CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS
Article XI, Sections 1-18

CASE LIST
• Lacson v. Executive Secretary, G.R. No. 128096, 20 January 1999.
• Uy v. Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 105965, 20 March 2011.
• Nuñez v. Sandiganbayan, 111 SCRA 433, (1982)
• Office of the Ombudsman vs. Atty. Valera, 471 SCRA 715 (2005.)
• Ledesma vs. CA, 465 SCRA 437 (2005)
• In Re Gonzales, 160 SCRA 771 (1988)
• Francisco, et al. v. House Speaker , et al., 415 SCRA 44 (2003)
• Zaldivar v. Sandiganbayan, 160 SCRA 843 (1988)
• Laurel v. Desierto, 381 SCRA 48 (2002)
• Azarcon v. Sandiganbayan, 268 SCRA 747 (1997)
• Honasan II v. Panel of Investigating Prosecutors of the Department
of Gonzales III vs. Office of the President of the Philippines, acting
through and represented by executive secretary Paquito N. Ochoa,
Jr., G.R. No. 196231 January 28, 2014
• Flor Gupilan-Aguilar and Honore R. Hernandez, vs. Office of the
Ombudsman, G.R. No. 197307 February 26, 2014
• Marcos, Jr. vs. Republic of the Philippines, represented by the
Presidential Commission on Good Government, G.R. No. 189434
March 12, 2014
• Ligot, et al. v. Republic GR No. 176944, March 6, 2013
• Herminio T. Disini vs. Sandiganbayan, G.R. Nos. 169823-24,
September 11, 2013
• Corona vs. Senate . GR No. 200242, July 17,2012
• Arroyo vs. People, G.R. No. 220598 (2016)
• REPUBLIC VS, SERENO G.R. No. 237428. May 11, 2018

LAWS: R.A. No. 6713 - Code of Conduct and Ethical Standards for Public Officials and
Employees." February 20, 1989 (See also The Anti-Graft and Corrupt Practices
Act)

X. WHAT IS OUR VISION OF SOCIETY?

Preambles to the 1935, 1973, and 1987 Constitution

A. STATE PRINCIPLES AND POLICIES


Article II, Sections 1-28

CASE LIST

• People v. Gozo, 53 SCRA 476 (1973)


• Co Kim Cham v. Valdez Tan Keh, 75 Phil. 113 (1945)
• In Re Letter of Associate Justice Puno, 210 SCRA 589 (1992)
• Republic v. Sandiganbayan, 407 SCRA 10 (2003)
• Oposa v. Factoran, 224 SCRA 792 (1993)
• Laguna Lake Development Authority v. CA, (1994)
• Garcia v. Board of Investments, 224 SCRA 792 (1990)
• Pamatong v. COMELEC, 427 SCRA 96 (2004)
• Tañada vs. Angara, 272 SCRA 18 (1997)
• MMDA v. Concerned Citizens of Manila Bay, G.R. Nos. 171947-48,
December 18, 2008
• AKBAYAN v. Thomas G. Aquino, G.R. No. 170516, July 16, 2008
• Ramon Paje vs. Teodoro A. Casino, G.R. No. 207257, February 3, 2015
• Land Bank of the Philippines vs. Yatco Agricultural Enterprises G.R.
No.172551 January 15, 2014
• Manila Prince Hotel v. GSIS, G.R. No. 122156, 3 February 1997. (See also:
Dissenting Opinions of Justices Puno and Panganiban)
• Tanada v. Angara, G.R. No. 118295, 2 May 1997.
• Duncan v. Glaxo-Wellcome Philippines, Inc., G.R. No. 162994, 17
September 2014.

B. NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PATRIMONY


Article XII, Sections 1-22 CASE LIST
• Manila Prince Hotel v. GSIS, G.R. No. 122156, 3 February 1997 (See also:
Dissenting Opinions of Justices Puno and Panganiban.
• Garcia v. Board of Investments, G.R. No. 88637, 7 September 1989.
• JG Summit Holdings, Inc. v. CA, 412 SCRA 10 (2003)
• Gamboa vs. Secretary Teves, (GR No. 176579,October 9, 2012)
• Tañada v. Angara, G.R. No. 118295, 2 May 1997.
• Garcia v. Executive Secretary, G.R. No. 157584, 2 April 2009.

Regalian Doctrine, Land Ownership, and Exploitation of Natural Resources


• Republic v. Santos, G.R. No. 180027, 18 July 2012.
• La Bugal B’laan Tribal v. DENR, 421 SCRA 148 (2004)
• Chavez v. PEA and AMARI, 384 SCRA 152 (2002)
• Cruz v. Sec. of DENR, et al., 347 SCRA 128 (2000)
• Carino vs. Insular Government 212 U.S. 449 (1909)
• Krivenko v. Register of Deeds, 79 Phil. 461, 481 (1947)
• Cheeseman v. IAC, G.R. No. 74833, 21 January 1991.

LAWS: R.A No. 8371: The Indigenous Peoples Rights Act of 1997.

Rights of Indigenous Cultural Communities to their Ancestral Lands.


• Province of North Cotabato v. GRP, G.R. No. 183591, 14 October 2008
(Justice Carpio's Concurring Opinion)

C. SOCIAL JUSTICE AND HUMAN RIGHTS


Article XIII, Sections 1-19

CASE LIST
• Bautista vs. Salonga, 172 SCRA 160 (1989)
• Federation of Free Farmers v. CA, 107 SCRA 352 (1981)
• Association of Small Landowners v. Secretary of Agrarian Reform,
175 SCRA 343 (1989))
• Cariño v. CHR, 204 SCRA 483 (1991)
• Cuba v. Cuenco, 502 vs. 324, (2006)

D. OTHER ASPIRATIONS
All provisions of Articles XIV, XV & XVI

CASE LIST
• Ateneo de Manila University v. CA, 145 SCRA 100 (1986)
• Licup v. University of San Carlos, 178 SCRA 637 (1989)
• Miriam College Foundation v. CA, 348 SCRA 265 ( 2000)
• University of San Carlos v. CA, 166 SCRA 570 (1988)
• Office of the President v. Buenaobra, 501 SCRA 302 (2006)
XI. HOW CAN WE CHANGE, AMEND, OR REVISE THE CONSTITUTION?

A. History of Philippine Constitutional Law

(Google and print out these documents)


The Biak-na-Bato Constitution (1897)
The Malolos Constitution (1899)
McKinley’s Instructions (1900)
Philippine Bill of 1902
Jones Act of 1916

The 1935 Constitution (Original and as Amended)


The 1973 Constitution (As Amended)
The 1986 Freedom Constitution
The 1987 Constitution
The Puno Constitutional Draft

ADDITIONAL READINGS ON FEDERALISM AND OTHER CONSTITUTIONAL


CHANGE ISSUES

B. CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS
Article XVII, Sections 1-4

C. CASE LIST
• Javellana vs. Executive Secretary, G.R. No. L-
36142. March 31, 1973
• Sanidad v. COMELEC, 73 SCRA 333 (1976)
• Ratification Cases, 50 SCRA 30, 373, note 3
(1973)
• Gonzales v. COMELEC, 21 SCRA 774, 797
(1967)
• Planas v. COMELEC, 49 SCRA 105 (1973)
• Tolentino v. COMELEC, 41 SCRA 702 (1971)
• Santiago v. COMELEC, 270 SCRA 106 (1997)
• Lambino v. COMELEC, 505 SCRA 160 (2006)

D. LAWS:
• R.A. 6735: AN ACT PROVIDING FOR A SYSTEM OF
INITIATIVE AND REFERENDUM. August 4, 1989.

Reference: Antonio La Viña, How to Change the Constitution (2007)


Constitutional Change exercise

XII CONCLUSION AND SYNTHESIS

Plato, The Republic


Niccolo Machiavelli, The Prince

Jose W. Diokno, A Nation for Our Children (1987), download at


http://diokno.org/post/3499678968/a-nation-for-our-children

Jose Rizal, Noli Mi Tangere and El Filibusterismo

Potrebbero piacerti anche