WEEK 1: Chapter 1 ~ Inequalities

Dr Chan Shiau Wei Email:

swchan@uthm.edu.my Phone No:
011-33798215
CHAPTER 1:
INEQUALITY
Inequality A statement that shows the
relationship between two or more
unequal expressions using one of the
following inequality symbols:
>,<,≥,≤
Example:
(a)
x+3 2
>
23
(b) −2 < 2x − 3 ≤ 4
(b) x − 4 ≥ −5 (d) x2 − 2x − 1 ≤ 9
Linear Equations VS
Linear Inequalities
Linear Equations Linear
Inequalities
3x − 5 = 13 3x − 5 > 13 5x
+ 2 = 7x − 10 5x + 2 < 7x −
10 1 3
x−1=
15
x+3
13
x−1≤
15
x+3
Inequalities ~
Terminology
Symbols Notations Meaning
< x < y x less than y > x > y x greater than y
≤ x ≤ y x less than or equal to y ≥ x ≥ y x
greater than or equal to y
Inequalities ~
Terminology
Example:
Translate the sentences into inequalities:
a) A number is greater than fifteen:
n >15
b) The sum of a number and five more
than the number is less than fifteen:
n + (n + 5) < 15
c) A number times five is greater than
fifteen:
5n > 15
Inequalities ~
Intervals
An inequality can be represented on a
number line.
Intervals Set of number Graph of real
line Open interval (a , b) = a < x < b
Half-closed interval (a , b] = a < x ≤ b
Half-closed interval [a , b) = a ≤ x < b
Closed interval [a , b] = a ≤ x ≤ b
ab
ab
ab
ab
Inequalities ~
Intervals
The inequality symbol is reversed when
both sides of the inequality are multiplied
or divided by a negative number.
Example:
(a)2 > -3 and -2 < 3
(b)
45
35
45>−
and −
<
35
Inequalities
The solutions to linear inequalities can be
expressed in several ways: (a) Using
inequalities (b) Using a graph (c) Or using
interval notation
Example: Inequalities
Inequality Graph Interval Notation
x < 2 (−∞,2)
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

x ≤ 3 (−∞,3]
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

x > 0 (0,∞)
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 x ≥ −4 [−4,∞)
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5
Example: Inequalities
Inequality Graph Interval Notation −2
≤ x < 3 [−2,3)
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

−1 < x ≤ 5 (−1,5]
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5
Group Task 1 (15
minutes)
Inequality Graph Interval Notation Example: −2 ≤ x < 3
[−2,3)
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

Give 4 examples of
inequalities in table including
a)Open interval b)Half-closed
interval (left) c) Half-closed
interval (right) d)Closed
interval
Linear Inequalities
The inequality symbol is reversed
when both sides of the inequality are
multiplied or divided by a negative
number.
Theorem If y > x and a < 0 then (a)
ay < ax, and (b)
ya
xa
Example:
(a) 2 > −3 and −2 < 3
(b)
<
45
35>−
and −
45
<
35
Example 1: Linear
Inequalities
3x - 5 < 6 - 2x
5x -5 < 6 Using the addition principle for inequalities;
adding 2x 5x < 11 Using the addition principle for
inequalities; adding 5
x < 11/5
Using the multiplication principle for inequalities;
multiplying by or dividing by 5
The solution set is {x|x < 11/5, x∈R },
or (-∞; 11/5)
x∈R = x is a member of real The
graph of the solution set is shown
below
numbers
Example 2: Linear
Inequalities
13 - 7x ≥ 10x - 4 13 - 17x ≥ -4
Subtracting 10x -17x ≥ -17
Subtracting 13 x ≤ 1 Dividing by -17
and reversing the inequality sign
The solution set is {x: x ≤ 1, x∈R}, or
(-∞, 1]. The graph of the solution set
is shown below
] -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5
Exercise: Linear
Inequalities
(a) −4x − 7 > 5
(b) 3 − y ≤ 4(y − 3)
(c)
y −5
32
(d)
>
m5
−3<
35
−
m2
Group Task 2 (15
minutes)
Discuss on how to factoring
quadratics below: (a) x2+7x + 6
(b) x2−5x + 6 (c) x2+x − 6 (d)
x2−x − 6 (e) 2x2+x − 6 (f)
4x2−19x + 12 (g) 2x2−4x − 16