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Seismicity of Nimar & Malwa Region with special emphasis on Seismic Microzonation of Indore View project
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*Civil Engineering & Applied Mechanics Department, SGS Institite of Technology & Science, 23, Park Road, Indore (MP), 452 003, India.
**Sardar Patel College of Engineering, Munshi Nagar, Andheri(W), Mumbai, 400 058, India.
***Earthquake Engineer, Institute of Geological & Nuclear Sciences, Lower Hutt, New Zealand
Seismic performance and behaviour of precast concrete structures which were not designed and detailed as per existing
provisions in relevant standards was very poor during past earthquakes while the buildings constructed and designed
incorporating seismic design concepts performed remarkably well. A brief review of seismic performance and design of
precast concrete systems is presented to seek for the ways to improve and develop construction of precast concrete struc-
tures in India. This paper brings together the historical perspective on the performance of precast concrete structures so
that lessons can be learnt to avoid the poor performance of these systems. An extensive literature on experimental stud-
ies has been also reported here to demonstrate the improved seismic performance of precast concrete systems. Further,
a review and comparison of International code provisions on the design and construction of precast concrete systems is
presented to help in developing the provisions and practice of these systems in Indian perspective. Identification of areas
that need revision or attention in the current IS Code provisions are attempted in the light of International practice.
KEYWORDS: Seismic performance; precast concrete structures; earthquakes; seismic design concept; design and construction.
Precast concrete is significantly being used in and detailing of ductile element, inadequate diaphragm
earthquake resisting structures in many parts of the action, poor joint and connection details, inadequate
world. Main advantages of incorporating precast separation of non-structural elements and inadequate
concrete in construction are the possible increased speed separation between structures are presented in the state-
of construction, high quality of precast units, improved of-the-art report by Park and co-workers (fib, 2003).
durability, reduction in site labour and formwork, and Damage to precast school buildings at Gujarat in 2001
more importantly, social and environmental benefits. Bhuj earthquake is another example of failure due to the
Future prospects of these structures are high as having poor connections between structural elements. It is re-
no damage during earthquakes by using post-tensioning ported2 that roof planks resting on the beam shifted due
with or without energy dissipating devices. to inadequate bearing area and lack of positive anchor-
Due to the lack of understanding of the basic na- age. A monolithic behaviour of frames, and diaphragms
ture of seismic behaviour, the precast concrete struc- action of floors could not be achieved due to poor con-
tures were viewed with scepticism in seismic regions1. nections.
Some countries considered the use of precast concrete The fast economic growth of the country in recent
in earthquake resisting structures with suspicion be- past and the need of infrastructural development em-
cause of their bad performance in major earthquakes. phasize to use precast concrete structures. Advantages
Examples of poor behaviour of precast concrete build- of precast concrete construction from Indian point of
ing structures during 1976 Tangshan (China), 1985 Mi- view, in addition to earlier mentioned are uniformity of
choacan (Mexico), 1988 Armenian, 1994 Northridge construction, planned and well managed cities. Stan-
and 1999 Kocalli earthquakes due to improper design dardisation of precast concrete elements will also be