Calao Deliquente Diadi River System

D.
Water Quality Monitoring
1.0 Water quality monitoring data, map, tables, graphs

Table 1: Location of Monitoring Stations
Station Location of Sampling Stations Coordinates
No. Longitude Latitude
Outfall of Vizcalang Creek
1 16 41 44.002 N 121 33 2.283 E
(Calao East)
2 Fish Trap (Calao East/Mabini) 16 41 44.103 N 121 33 4.668 E
3 Riprap (Calao East/Mabini) 16 41 38.469 N 121 33 27.718 E
Back of Mosque/Robinson's
4 16 41 35.46 N 121 33 38.136 E
(Calao East)
5 Old Bridge (Calao East) 16 41 34.51 N 121 33 46.430 E
6 New Bridge (Calao East) 16 41 33.32 N 121 33 52.9 E
Mouth of Delinquente (Buenavista/ San
7 16 41 47.172 N 121 33 21.792 E
Andres)
8 Buenavista Bridge (Calao East) 16 41 42.796 N 121 33 59.120 E
9 Palac Road/Derige Bridge 16 41 37.224 N 121 33 45.7836 E
10 Bachelor's/La Salette (Calao East) 16 41 39.184 N 121 33 27.887 E
11 Manggahan, Dubinan West 16 41 41.901 N 121 33 9.227 E
40 Kms. From convergence
12 16 41 9.089 N 121 33 8.840 E
(San Andres/ Buenavista)
Figure 1: Map of Monitoring Stations

1.1 Monitoring Parameters:
On-site
site and Laboratory Test Results
1.1.1 pH
pH is the measure of the hydrogen ion concentration in liquids. IIt is a figure
between 0 and 14 defining how acidic or basic a liquid or a water body. Pure
deionized water is considered neutral or pH 7.
As the number decreases from 7 in the pH scale, the water becomes more
acidic. As the number increases, the water becomes more basic. The optimal pH
range for most tropical fishes is 6.5 to 8.5. Outside this optimal range is already
stressful to aquatic resources.
Table 2: pH Measurement of CDD WQMA for 2017

pH, Standard Range 6.5 - 9.0
Stn for Class C Water Body Classification
Monitoring Station
No. 1st 2nd 3rd 4th
Qtr Qtr Qtr Qtr Average
1 Outfall Vizcalang Creek 7.9 7.6 7.5 7.9 7.7
2 Fish Trap Calao /Mabini 7.9 7.7 7.5 7.9 7.7
3 Riprap, Calao /Mabini 7.9 7.7 7.5 8.0 7.8
4 Back of Mosque/Robinson's, Calao East 7.9 7.7 7.5 7.9 7.7
5 Old Bridge, Calao East 7.9 7.6 7.6 8.0 7.8
6 New Bridge, Calao East 7.9 7.6 7.5 8.0 7.7
7 Mouth of Delinquente, Buenavista /San Andres 7.9 7.5 7.5 7.8 7.7
8 Buenavista Bridge, Calao East 7.8 7.6 7.3 7.8 7.6
9 Palac Road/Derige Bridge 7.8 7.5 7.3 7.8 7.6
10 Bachelor's/La Salette, Calao East 7.8 7.5 7.4 7.9 7.6
11 Manggahan, Dubinan West 7.8 7.5 7.3 7.7 7.6
12 San/Andres/Buenavista 7.8 7.4 7.5 7.9 7.6
Average 7.9 7.6 7.5 7.9 7.7
Figure 2: Average pH Measurement of CDD WQMA for

f 2015-2017
2017
pH, Standard Range 6.5 - 9.0

Class C Water Classification
10 7.6 7.7 7.7

8
6
4
2
0
2015 2016 2017
The average pH of CDD WQMA for this year is 7.7. Data sets for quarterly
results show at most 0.3 pH difference for all stations. Whereas, yearly average
data from 2015 – 2017 are 7.6, 7.7 and 7.7 respectively. These data reveals that
there is no significant change on the pH of CDD river system. Water from several
tributaries that are being drained to the river has nearly the same pH with CDD
river.
Also average and quarterly pH results conform to the standard water quality
pH range of 6.5 – 9.0 for Class C water body classification based on Table 3 of DAO
2016.
1.1.2 Dissolved Oxygen (DO)

Dissolved Oxygen is the amount of free oxygen molecule present within the
water. It is expressed in milligram per liter (mg/L). Dissolved oxygen in water
mostly comes from air. Available oxygen in air (21%) is being mixed-up with water
through waves or other water movements. Also, algae and other rooted plants
contribute dissolved oxygen in water.
The concentration of dissolved oxygen in a water body increases during the

day due to photosynthesis process and declines at night after the sun sets.
Table 3: DO Measurement of CDD WQMA for 2017

Dissolved Oxygen, 5mg/L min.
Stn
Monitoring Station for Class C Water Body Classification
No.
1st Qtr 2nd Qtr 3rd Qtr 4th Qtr Average
1 Outfall Vizcalang Crk 5.5 7.2 5.7 6.6 6.3
2 Fish Trap Calao/Mabini 5.0 7.1 4.9 6.0 5.8
3 Riprap, Calao/Mabini 5.1 6.2 5.5 5.5 5.6
Mouth of Delinquente, Buenavista/San
7 Andres 5.4 4.5 4.9 5.6 5.1
Average 5.7 6.6 5.4 6.3 6.0
Figure 3: Average DO Measurement of CDD WQMA for 2015-2017
2015 2017
Dissolved Oxygen, Std. 5 mg/L min.

9.9
10 6.9 6.0
8
6
4
2
0
2015 2016 2017
The average result of dissolved oxygen for this year is 6.0

6. mg/L. This year
DO measurement is lower than the previous year, 6.9 mg/L and baseline data, 9.9
mg/L.. The decreasing trend is not favourable and this may mean deterioration on
the water quality of CDD WQMA.
From the data sets, the lowest DO measurement is 4.5 mg/L which is
already below the minimum required level of BOD in order to flourish existence of
aquatic resources. Quarterly average result ranges from 5.4 to 6.6 mg/L
mg/L.
1.1.3 Temperature
Temperature is a measure of the intensity of heat or the hotness or coldn

coldness
of water. This parameter greatly affects the rate of chemical reactions within the
water system. As water temperature increases, chemical rate and plant growth also
increases.
Table 4: Temperature Measurement of CDD WQMA for 2017

25-310C
Temperature, 25
Stn
No.
7 Andres 26.1 30.5 31.8 27.7 29.0
Average 26.2 30.2 30.3 27.7 28.6
Figure 4: Average Temperature Measurement of CDD WQMA for 201

2016-2017
Temperature, Std. Range 25 - 310C

29.0 28.6
30.0
25.0
20.0
15.0
10.0
5.0
0.0
2016 2017
The average result of temperature is 28.6

2 0C. The highest quarterly average
temperature is recorded in the 3rd quarter monitoring, 30.30C while the lowest
average temperature is recorded in the 1st quarter monitoring, 26.20C.
Data sets collected and average results show conformance with the allowable
water quality criteria 25 – 31 0C for Class C water body classification.
1.1.4
.4 Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)
Biochemical Oxygen Demand is a measure of the amount of oxygen needed

by aerobic bacteria to break down available organic compounds or pollutants
present within the water body.
This water quality parameter is useful in determining the degree of pollution

of a certain water body. The five-day
five day BOD (BOD5) represents the amount of oxygen
consumed by bacteria to break down organic matter in the sample bottle during the
5 –day incubation period.
Table 5: BOD Measurement of CDD WQMA for 2017

Biochemical Oxygen Demand, 7 mg/L max.
Stn
No.
1 Outfall Vizcalang Crk 2 4 4 5 3.8
2 Fish Trap Calao/Mabini 4 3 5 6 4.5
3 Riprap, Calao/Mabini 2 2 5 3 3.0
4 Back of Mosque/Robinson's, Calao East 3 2 5 4 3.5
5 Old Bridge, Calao East 3 4 4 6 4.3
6 New Bridge, Calao East 2 16 5 3 6.5
7 Andres 2 4 5 4 3.8
8 Buenavista Bridge, Calao East 2 2 4 3 2.8
9 Palac Road/Derige Bridge 2 2 4 4 3.0
10 Bachelor's/La Salette, Calao East 2 2 5 4 3.3
11 Manggahan, Dubinan West 3 2 4 3 3.0
12 San/Andres/Buenavista 3 2 4 1 2.5
Average 2.5 3.8 4.5 3.8 3.6
Figure 5: Average BOD Measurement of CDD WQMA for 2015-2017

2015 2017
Biochemical Oxygen Demand, Std.7 mg/L max.

5 3.6 3.6
4
2
3
2
1
0
2015 2016 2017
The average result of biochemical oxygen demand for this year is 3.6 mg/L,
the same with the previous year result and higher than the baseline data
data, 2 mg/L.
Out of 48 data sets, one (1) is above the allowable limit of not more than 7
mg/L. This data is recorded in the 2nd quarter
rter monitoring at station 6.
1.1.5 Total Suspended Solids (TSS)
Total Suspended Solid is the amount of small particles (larger than 2

microns) that are distributed throughout the water column. These solid particles
resist gravitational sinking and remain suspended in water thus, contribute to
water turbidity. Most suspended solids are made up of clay, silt, decaying plant,
algae, plankton, sand, microbes, animal matter, industrial
industrial wastes and sewage.
High total suspended solid in water reduces the rate of photosynthesis, as

these solids block the penetration of sunlight within the water body. Also,
suspended solids in water tend to absorb more heat thus increasing temperature of
the water body and decreasing the amount of dissolved oxygen.
Table 6: TSS Measurement of CDD WQMA for 2017
Total Suspended Solid, 80 mg/L max.
Stn
No.
1 Outfall Vizcalang Crk 56 87 132 33 77
2 Fish Trap Calao/Mabini 52 83 125 24 71
3 Riprap, Calao/Mabini 44 88 119 43 74
4 Back of Mosque/Robinson's, Calao East 36 87 136 27 72
5 Old Bridge, Calao East 56 117 88 27 72
6 New Bridge, Calao East 61 275 118 23 119
7 Andres 77 110 144 62 98
8 Buenavista Bridge, Calao East 50 108 146 31 84
9 Palac Road/Derige Bridge 59 80 140 24 76
10 Bachelor's/La Salette, Calao East 62 96 132 27 79
11 Manggahan, Dubinan West 87 37 143 29 74
12 San/Andres/Buenavista 40 94 162 29 81
Average 57 105 132 32 81
Figure 6: Average TSS Measurement of CDD WQMA for 2015-2017

2015 2017
Total Suspended Solid, Std. 80 mg/L max

94 81
69
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
2015 2016 2017
1.1.6 Fecal Coliforms
Fecal coliform is a type of bacteria that grows in the digestive tracts of

humans and other warm-blooded
blooded animals. It serves as indicator for presence of
disease-causing bacteria.
Fecal coliform is measured by counting the most probable number of

bacteria colonies that grow from a 100-mL
100 mL water sample (MPN/100mL).
Table 7: Fecal Coliform Measurement of CDD WQMA for 2017

Stn Fecal Coliform, 200 MPN/100mL max.
Monitoring Station
No. for Class C Water Body Classification
1st Qtr 2nd Qtr 3rd Qtr 4th Qtr Geomean
7 Andres 92000 92000 920000 110000 171076
Geomean 48975 108678 234943 101309 106092
Figure 7: Average Fecal Coliform Measurement of CDD WQMA for 2015

2015-2017
Fecal Coliform, Std. 200 MPN/100mLmax

217808
200000 106092
44806
100000
0
2015 2016 2017
The geometric mean result of Fecal Coliform is 106,092 MPN/100mL

MPN/100mL, higher
than the previous year result but lower than the baseline data by approximately
50%.
High fecal coliform measurement is consistently recorded in all monitoring

stations of CDD WQMA starting from the upper to lower portion of the river system.
1.1.7 Color
Apparent Color in water is normally caused by presence of organic

acids, metallic ions, coloured
colo clay and suspended matters.
ters. Likewise, True
Color is determined after filtration of water sample to remove such
suspended solids, thus, removing turbidity in order to measure True Color.
Primary parameter is defined as the minimum water quality
parameters to be monitored for eachea water body. The Color and other
parameters such as Chloride, Nitrate and Phosphate are determined in the
water stream of PdT WQMA starting 1st quarter monitoring of 2017 in
compliance to DAO 2016-008
2016 approved in May 2016.
Table 8: Color Measurement of CDD WQMA for 2017

Color, Std. 75 TCU max.
Monitoring Station
No. 1st 2nd 3rd 4th
7 Andres 25 40 45 20 33
Average 25 36 40 26 32
Figure 8: Average Color Measurement of CDD WQMA for 2017
Color, Std. 75 TCU max.

Class C Water Body Classification
50 40
36
40 32
25 26
30
20
10
0
In terms of Color parameter, average results are within the allowable water
quality criteria of not more than 75 TCU for Class
Class C water body classification.
1.1.8 Chloride
Chloride in freshwater can be a salt compound of sodium chloride
(NaCl), potassium chloride (KCl) and calcium chloride (CaCl2). High level of
chloride in fresh water could be an indication of salt water intrusion. Fresh
water is defined as water containing less than 500 mg/L of mentioned salt
compounds.
Table 9: Chloride Measurement of CDD WQMA for 2017

Chloride, 350 mg/L max.
Monitoring Station
No. 1st 2nd 3rd 4th
7 Andres 12 26 15 17 18
Average 12 15 13 17 14
Figure 9: Average Chloride Measurement of CDD WQMA for 2017
Chloride, Std. 350 mg/L max.

50
40
30
15 17
20 12 13 14
10
0
In terms of Chloride, measurement results are within the allowable water

quality criteria of not more than 350 mg/L for Class C water body classification.
1.1.9 Nitrate
Nitrate is a nutrient food for algae and other water plants. Water with
high amount of nutrients can produce algae in large amount or increase
plant growth in water. The process cycle eventually affects the level
dissolved oxygen in water.
Nitrate is commonly found in sewage discharge and fertilizer run

run-off.
Table 10: Nitrate Measurement of CDD WQMA for 2017

Nitrate, Std. 7mg/L max.
Stn
No.
Back of Mosque/Robinson's, Calao
4 East 0.36 0.16 0.18 0.19 0.22
Mouth of Delinquente,
7 Buenavista/San Andres 0.32 0.42 0.41 0.34 0.37
Average 0.32 0.16 0.41 0.23 0.28
Figure 10: Average Nitrate Measurement of CDD WQMA for 2017
Nitrate, Std. 7 mg/L max.

1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5 0.41
0.32 0.28
0.4 0.23
0.3 0.16
0.2
0.1
0
In terms of Nitrate, the average data gathered for 2017 is 0.28 mg/L
against the standard water quality criteria of not more than 7 mg/L for
Class C water body classification.
This means that the level of Nitrate in the water stream of CDD WQMA
is very low or negligible compare to allowable level not more than 7 mg/L.
There are no contributory factors present along the river that contributes to
increase of Nitrate level.
1.1.10 Phosphate
Phosphate is also a nutrient food for algae and other water plants. It is
commonly found in fertilizer and one of the main ingredients of detergent.
Table 11: Phosphate Measurement of CDD WQMA for 2017

Phosphate, Std. 0.5 mg/L max.
Monitoring Station
No. 1st 2nd 3rd 4th
7 Andres 0.09 0.10 0.02 0.02 0.06
Average 0.09 0.09 0.03 0.07 0.07
Figure 11: Average Phosphate Measurement of CDD WQMA for 2017
Phosphate, Std. 0.5 mg/L max.

0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2 0.09 0.09 0.07 0.07
0.1 0.03
0
In terms of Phosphate, the average data for 2017 is 0.07 mg/L.

Average quarterly results range from 0.3 mg/L to 0.09 mg/L which are very
low or negligible compare to standard water quality criteria of not more than
0.5 mg/L for Class C water body classification.
2. Photo Documentation of Water

W Quality Monitoring
Activities
3. Water Quality Status
Out of ten (10) primary parameters mentioned in Table 3 of DAO

2016-08,
08, the Region was able to determine six (6) of these parameters in the
monitoring of Calao-Delinquente
Delinquente-Diadi River System WQMA. For 2017, the
EMB Region 2 laboratory will include the determination of other primary
parameters required in the new DAO 2016-08
08 approved in June 2016
2016.
The table below summarizes

ummarizes the status of water quality of the CDD-
WQMA for 2016 compare with the baseline data gathered in year 2015 and
its level of classification based on water quality guidelines specified at table
3 of DAO 2016-08.
With the data gathered for CY 2016, the water

water quality status of Calao
Calao-
Delinquente-Diadi
Diadi River System WQMA has improved in terms of Total
Suspended Solids and Fecal Coliform parameters, while
wh Dissolved Oxygen
and Biochemical Oxygen Demand parameters show deterioration
deterioration, whereas
pH and Temperature parameters remain the same or have no change
compare with the baseline data.
The CDD River System has been designated as WQMA in December

2015 wherein the identified Non-Attainment Areas (NAA) were the high
level of Total Suspended Solids and high level of Fecal Coliform.
The Overall assessment on the water quality of CDD WQMA for this
CY 2016 shows improvement on the Non-Attainment Areas for TSS and
Fecal Coliform parameters. However, results still show large deviation
against acceptable value based on Table 3 of DAO 2016-08. Other
parameters such as Dissolved Oxygen and Biochemical Oxygen Demand
show deterioration compare with the baseline data but still within the
standard limits that conform with “Class C” water classification
based on Table 3 of DAO 2016-08.
E. Other Relevant Information
//Pia and creation of GB resolution requesting SP to prohibit

cutting of trees along PdT
F. Issues and Recommendations
CY 2016 has been the first year of operationalization of CDD-WQMA.
The creation of its Governing Board chaired by the EMB Regional Director
Cesar S. Siador Jr and Co-Chaired by City Mayor of Santiago Joseph S. Tan
was established and finalized in July 26, 2016.
The operationalization of CDD-WQMA started with the capacity

building of the Governing Board members, Multi-Sectoral Group and other
partner stakeholders. Important subject matters that have been tackled
were the following: interpretation on the DENR Administrative Order No
2015-13 - designation of CDD as WQMA and creation of its governing board,
composition and functions of the Governing Board, drafted the rules and
regulations pertaining to operation of CDD WQMA, drafted the 5-year action
plan for implementation in 2017 with an objective of reducing the high level
of Fecal Coliform, Total Suspnded Solids and Biochemical Oxygen Demand.
Also, the water quality parameters and results gathered per quarter
were preseted to the board , MSG and other partner stakeholders.
Agenda for the first quarter Governing Board meeting for 2017 will
include the finalization and approval on the drafted 5-year action plan,
governing rules and regulations, creation of board resolution for the
members of Governing Board and the initial implementation of approved
action plans.

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D.

Water Quality Monitoring

1.0 Water quality monitoring data, map, tables, graphs

Figure 1: Map of Monitoring Stations

Table 2: pH Measurement of CDD WQMA for 2017

Figure 2: Average pH Measurement of CDD WQMA for

pH, Standard Range 6.5 - 9.0

10 7.6 7.7 7.7

1.1.2 Dissolved Oxygen (DO)

The concentration of dissolved oxygen in a water body increases during the

Table 3: DO Measurement of CDD WQMA for 2017

Dissolved Oxygen, Std. 5 mg/L min.

The average result of dissolved oxygen for this year is 6.0

Temperature is a measure of the intensity of heat or the hotness or coldn

Table 4: Temperature Measurement of CDD WQMA for 2017

Figure 4: Average Temperature Measurement of CDD WQMA for 201

Temperature, Std. Range 25 - 310C

The average result of temperature is 28.6

Biochemical Oxygen Demand is a measure of the amount of oxygen needed

This water quality parameter is useful in determining the degree of pollution

Table 5: BOD Measurement of CDD WQMA for 2017

Figure 5: Average BOD Measurement of CDD WQMA for 2015-2017

Biochemical Oxygen Demand, Std.7 mg/L max.

1.1.5 Total Suspended Solids (TSS)

Total Suspended Solid is the amount of small particles (larger than 2

High total suspended solid in water reduces the rate of photosynthesis, as

Figure 6: Average TSS Measurement of CDD WQMA for 2015-2017

Total Suspended Solid, Std. 80 mg/L max

1.1.6 Fecal Coliforms

Fecal coliform is a type of bacteria that grows in the digestive tracts of

Fecal coliform is measured by counting the most probable number of

Table 7: Fecal Coliform Measurement of CDD WQMA for 2017

Figure 7: Average Fecal Coliform Measurement of CDD WQMA for 2015

Fecal Coliform, Std. 200 MPN/100mLmax

The geometric mean result of Fecal Coliform is 106,092 MPN/100mL

High fecal coliform measurement is consistently recorded in all monitoring

Apparent Color in water is normally caused by presence of organic

Table 8: Color Measurement of CDD WQMA for 2017

Figure 8: Average Color Measurement of CDD WQMA for 2017

Color, Std. 75 TCU max.

Table 9: Chloride Measurement of CDD WQMA for 2017

Figure 9: Average Chloride Measurement of CDD WQMA for 2017

Chloride, Std. 350 mg/L max.

In terms of Chloride, measurement results are within the allowable water

Nitrate is commonly found in sewage discharge and fertilizer run

Table 10: Nitrate Measurement of CDD WQMA for 2017

Figure 10: Average Nitrate Measurement of CDD WQMA for 2017

Nitrate, Std. 7 mg/L max.

Table 11: Phosphate Measurement of CDD WQMA for 2017

Phosphate, Std. 0.5 mg/L max.

In terms of Phosphate, the average data for 2017 is 0.07 mg/L.

2. Photo Documentation of Water

3. Water Quality Status

Out of ten (10) primary parameters mentioned in Table 3 of DAO

The table below summarizes

With the data gathered for CY 2016, the water

The CDD River System has been designated as WQMA in December

E. Other Relevant Information

//Pia and creation of GB resolution requesting SP to prohibit

The operationalization of CDD-WQMA started with the capacity

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