Leaching and Extraction
 Removing one constituent from a solid or
liquid by means of a liquid solvent
1. Leaching or solid extraction
- Used to dissolve soluble matter
from its mixture with an insoluble
solid
2. Liquid Extraction
- Used to separate two miscible liquid
by the use of a solvent that
preferentially dissolves one of them.
Leaching
 Differs very little from the washing of filtered
solids
 The amount of soluble material removed is
often rather greater than in ordinary filtration
washing and the properties of the solids may
change considerably during the leaching
operation.
TYPES OF LEACHING EQUIPMENT
Extraction Battery – counter flow of solvent through
a battery of tank.
 In this method, fresh solvent is fed to the
tank containing the solid that is most nearly
extracted; it flows through the several tank in
series and is finally withdrawn from the tank
that has been freshly charged.
Shanks Process
 The batteries are kept in countercurrent
operation by advancing the inlet and draw off
tanks one at a time as the material is
changed and removed.
Diffusion Battery
 A series of such pressure tanks operated
with countercurrent solvent flow.
Moving Bed Leaching
 The solids are moved through the solvent
with little or no agitation.
 Used widely in extracting oil from vegetable
seeds as cottonseeds, peanuts and
soybeans.
Bollman Extractor
 Contains a bucket elevator in a closed
casing
Half – Miscella
 Intermediate solvent containing some
extracted oil and some small solid particles.
Full – Miscella
 Strong solution collected at the bottom.
Hildebrandt Extractor
 Consists of a U- shaped screw conveyor with
a separate helix in each section.
Fixed Bed Extractor
 Based in beet sugar industry
 Used for the extraction of tanning extracts
from the tanbark
 For extraction of pharmaceuticals from barks
and solids and is often processes.
 Countercurrent operation is used in the
shanks system.
Agitated Solid Leaching
 Finely ground solid at about 200 mesh
(0.074 mm)