The Effects of Sleep Deprivation To The Interpersonal Interactions of The Grade 9-10 Students of Liceo de Cabuyao

San Pablo Diocesan Catholic Schools System
Liceo de Cabuyao
A. Mabini St. Bgry. Uno Cabuyao City Laguna
Junior High School Thesis Writing
S.Y. 2017 – 2018
CHAPTER I
THE PROBLEM AND THE SETTING
Introduction
Most people do not have any problem concerning their sleep during their childhood, though
as they step onto the adolescence stage, they develop greater responsibility which hinders them
from obtaining sufficient sleep or they get addicted to obstructions such as the Internet. Sleep is
where people take the rest acquired by the suspension of the body functions after experiencing the
feeling of being tired. High-school students are more prone to being sleep deprived, wherein their
social life is at stake for David Ludden Ph.D. (2017) stated that most people fail to realize that lack
of sleep can have a subtle but important impact on their social life as well despite being aware that
they are cognitively impaired when are not well rested. While according to the book of Physical
Education and Health (2013), spending time and interacting daily, face-to-face, with people you
like is one of the factors to maintain and strengthen one’s mental and emotional health.
The National Sleep Foundation recommends 8-10 hours of sleep a night for 14-17-years-
olds and 7-9 hours for 18-25-years-olds owing to the fact that poor sleep might be crucial since it
also affects the body’s ability to recognize danger or distress signals, but it is clearly seen that
1
Liceo de Cabuyao
S.Y. 2017 – 2018
sleep rarely becomes the first priority of a student who dreams big and has goals to achieve, and
even borrows sleep and other rest times just to meet the demanded academic and non-academic
performances from school.
Working adults such as night-shift workers, especially those in the transportation,
warehouse, and health care industries, are those that are not getting enough sleep on a regular basis
and are impacting the safety of everyone around them (Beth Levine, 2012).
Furthermore, it is also a fact that College students are one of the most sleep-deprived
populations. There are many factors that may make maintaining a regular sleep schedule difficult,
such as living in the residence hall, studying for exams, late classes, and socializing. The daily
habits and activities may also affect how well they sleep. The demanding lives of undergraduate
and graduate students can make it challenging to maintain healthy daily habits (University of
Michigan, 2016).
It is clearly seen that sleep deprivation is present in every person differing from factors
such as age, intellect, workforce or status.
However, this research mainly focuses with the Grade 9-10 students of Liceo de Cabuyao
as the potential respondents of the study wherein if we look thoroughly, it is obvious that the Grade
10 students of Liceo de Cabuyao are those that have the most responsibilities and take into account
that they also have their academic performance to watch out for at the same time. These students
2
Liceo de Cabuyao
S.Y. 2017 – 2018
partake in leading the academic and non-academic clubs or school councils wherein they hold
higher positions such as the president, the vice-president or the secretary. While the Grade 9
students are those who are being trained to be able to perform the same heavy courses that the
Grade 10 students are currently taking part of. These heavy courses cause the students to overwork
themselves and even pull an all-nighter just to finish their tasks.
Academic demands such as school works and performance is not the only factor of sleep
deprivation. Another basic factor of insufficient sleep is a teen’s addiction to the growing influence
of technology. Teenagers seemed to be neglecting their needs to take an eight to nine hours of
sleep because they are busy with their smartphones. They tend to stay on social networking sites
(SNS), especially the trendy huge sites such as Facebook, Twitter and Instagram, to socialize for
an unnecessary amount of time. Deny it or not, most of the millennials these days are so focused
into making friends and communicating with them through instant messaging apps, impressing the
public, posting about their personal lives and getting likes for it. Hence, it is all about ‘following
the trend’ as what other people like to call it. According to the book of Danah Boyd entitled “It’s
Complicated: The Social Lives of Networked Teens” which was published on 2014, there are two
reasons as to why teens tend to sacrifice their sleep and replace it with their time for SNS. The first
one is the night being the only available time for teenagers to communicate intimately with their
friends. Teens may feel that the presence of parents, teachers, and other authority figures
throughout their day does not give them the opportunity to interact with peers as they would like
3
Liceo de Cabuyao
S.Y. 2017 – 2018
to. The second reason contends that night is the only time they are free to pursue their personal
interests with a hectic day-to-day schedule filled with school, sports, and music lessons.
Take into account that some of the students are getting insufficient sleep not only because
of school works and their addiction to the cyber world. It may also be due to sleeping disorders
since not everyone is immune to insomnia, some cannot easily avoid snoring and sleep walking
and talking are still frequently found in some teens.
According to a 2015 article from Stanford Medicine, teens have a biological tendency to
go to sleep later, yet many high schools start the day at a relatively early hour, disrupting their
natural rhythm. Then, add the pressure of not going to sleep because of the school’s demands—
may it either be a Science, Math or English homework or a project with an approaching deadline.
Examinations and scheduled quizzes may also fuel the pressure for the high-school students to
study, plus their growing need to update their Instagram, tweet something on Twitter and chit-chat
with someone online which may lead to staying up late and developing acute sleep deprivation.
Sleeping disorders can also add up to it, making it a real challenge for teens to balance out
everything and still respond sensibly in life.
Most studies affirm that sleep deprivation or a continuous loss of sleep has tons of negative
effect to the communication skills of the people involved, while in some cases, it is concluded that
they do little effect in our social life. Take the case of the study pertaining to the observation
4
Liceo de Cabuyao
S.Y. 2017 – 2018
performed to Randy Gardner in 1964 wherein it was observed that extreme sleep deprivation has
little effect other than the mood changes associated with tiredness based on the statement of
William Dement who said that Gardner was still able to beat him in a game called pinball.
However, the researchers that monitored the experiment of Gardner, which went for 11 days and
25 minutes, reported that it had serious cognitive and behavioural changes such as moodiness,
problems with concentration, short-term memory, paranoia and hallucinations.
Studies about sleep deprivation and the consequences that comes along with it that the
teenagers—especially those who are still in high-school—must face are still lacking and making
the case of Gardner, which was done to an adult, stir confusion. Being sleep deprived has effects
to one’s social life, henceforth, that is why it is important to discover the actual and possible effects
sleep deprivation has to the social lives of teenagers. By this study, the researchers have conducted
a survey among the Grade 9-10 students of Liceo de Cabuyao to understand more deeply the effects
of sleep deprivation and to gain knowledge if the said effects will alter one’s social interactions
into something else.
Theoretical Framework
In past researches, lack of sleep can be seen as a newly found trouble in regards with
communication and interaction towards people. A research team at UC Berkeley found that when
5
Liceo de Cabuyao
S.Y. 2017 – 2018
a person is not getting enough sleep, the brain has trouble reading facial expressions and mostly
interprets faces as threatening, and might even be short-tempered when tired (Julie Pennell, 2015).
Teens are biologically programmed to stay up late, many social and cultural forces further
limit their time for sleep, however, sleep deprivation affects the brain region that is associated with
one’s emotions and complex thinking called the prefrontal cortex (Emiliana R. Simon-Thomas,
2007) which explains why the occurrence of mood swings and the absence of logic when a person
lacks sleep is an understatement.
As stated in the study entitled “Processing of emotional reactivity and emotional memory
over sleep” by Bengi Baran, et. al, (2012), the researchers came up with the theory through an
incidental recognition memory task using picture stimuli, that a period of sleep is associated with
better memory and less attenuation of emotional reactivity for negative pictures. According to
Michael J Breus in 2016, lack of sleep interfere with one’s emotional reactivity wherein it makes
people short-tempered, quick to judge, and more emotionally volatile. Sleeplessness also makes
people less adept at managing their emotions while working. It also interferes with a person’s
ability to process emotional information, as well as our ability to accurately gauge the emotions of
others.
Another study called “Losing Neutrality: The Neural Basis of Impaired Emotional Control
without Sleep” was also conducted in 2015 by the researchers at Tel Aviv University (TAU)
6
Liceo de Cabuyao
S.Y. 2017 – 2018
wherein the participants of the study who hadn’t had enough sleep became more angry and stressed
when trying to complete a simple cognitive test than those who weren’t sleep deprived. This
reaction comes down to the amygdala, the area of the brain which controls emotions. The study
showed that lack of sleep leads to more emotional responses because the amygdala becomes as
much as 60 per cent more active than normal.
Conceptual Framework
Several theories have been developed to provide a conceptual understanding toward the
effects of sleep deprivation to the social life of the Grade 9-10 students of Liceo de Cabuyao.
To discover a concrete concept of the study, the researchers prepared a survey to answer
the evident research gap wherein they seek to find the actual effects of sleep deprivation to the
social lives of the potential respondents. The researchers are also searching for the response of a
sleep deprived person to his or her social life since it will be a reliable source for the said research.
To find what actually happens to the communication skills of a sleep deprived individual is also
one of the objectives of the researchers for this study.
7
Liceo de Cabuyao
S.Y. 2017 – 2018
Paradigm of the Study
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
Meditation Program
Data Analysis
What are the effects of  To help the teens
sleep deprivation in  Analysing the relax and detach
one’s social life? gathered data themselves from
through the use mindful and
of relative stressful things.
What happens to the
frequency,
communication skills of Recommendations and
percentage and
a person when deprived advised solutions at the
weighted mean.
of sleep? end of this study
 To provide people
How does a sleep- Interpretative Analysis the knowledge
deprived person respond
 Interpretation of that comprises the
to or approach his/her possible ways to
social life? data through
Likert Scaling cope up with
sleep deprivation.
FEEDBACK
Figure 1. Research Paradigm

8
Liceo de Cabuyao
S.Y. 2017 – 2018
Statement of the Problem
The study intends to seek the effects between two relevant variables that comprise of sleep
deprivation and the social lives of the Grade 9-10 students of Liceo de Cabuyao. Therefore, the
researchers particularly aim to answer the following questions:
1. What are the effects of sleep deprivation in one’s social life?
2. What happens to the communication skills of a person when deprived of sleep?
3. How does a sleep-deprived person respond to or approach his/her social life?
Hypothesis
There is no significant difference between insufficient sleep, which is caused by duties and
responsibilities together with interests, to the social life of the Grade 9-10 students of Liceo de
Cabuyao S.Y. 2017-2018.
9
Liceo de Cabuyao
S.Y. 2017 – 2018
Significance of the Study
The researchers believed that the study would be advantageous to the following:
To the researchers, the compilation of the study will meet the requirements for the last
quarter of the school year 2017-2018. The data from this study will also give them a deeper
comprehension about the two variables involved in the study.
To the Grade 9-10 students of LDC, the study will help them gain prior knowledge about
the effects of sleep deprivation to the social lives of the people involved which will help them
become more aware of such instances that they may encounter as a teenage student.
To the future Grade 9-10 students of LDC, the study will provide them insights and facts
about sleep deprivation and its effects to social lives which will help them prepare themselves if
ever faced with similar situations.
To the future researchers, the research will provide them adequate resources for their
study. It will also help them become more aware of the consequences that come along if a person
has insufficient rest.
To the faculty members and staff, the study will serve as a guide on understanding the
behaviour of their students and will help raise awareness about sleep loss and its possible effects
to communication among them.
10
Liceo de Cabuyao
S.Y. 2017 – 2018
To other readers, the study will grant them the knowledge of how can sleep deprivation
affect one’s social life which will help them become more aware of the tendencies that might come
along with it.
Scopes and Limitations
The study focuses mainly on the effects of sleep deprivation to the social life of an
individual wherein an overwhelming crisis comes along the said variables that instigated the
researchers to conduct this research among the Grade 9-10 students of Liceo de Cabuyao only in
the school year of 2017-2018 because the researchers believe that the lower levels in the high
school department are still under the supervisions of their parents.
The concern of the researchers is to seek if any of the variables that involve sleep
deprivation has an effect to the way people communicate and interact with one another.
The research includes the effects of sleep deprivation to the social life of the students and
the way they respond to it. The study is also interested in determining what actually happens to the
communication skills of the involved individual to have a better understanding and a more concrete
evident for the effects of sleep deprivation to one’s social life that the researchers are truly seeking
for. Furthermore, the study might mention some factors that lead into sleep deprivation, however,
11
Liceo de Cabuyao
S.Y. 2017 – 2018
the research does not focus mainly on the specific factors that result into the insufficient sleep of
the Grade 9-10 students of Liceo de Cabuyao.
12
Liceo de Cabuyao
S.Y. 2017 – 2018
Definition of Terms
The following terms were defined to have a better comprehension on how it was used in
the study:
Sleep deprivation. Not enough sleep or disruptions to the sleep-wake cycle (such as those
that may occur with shift work or travelling to a different time zone) cause the physiological state
known as fatigue. (State of Victoria, Australia, 2017)
Social life. It is the part of a person's time spent doing enjoyable things with others.
(Merriam-Webster)
Interpersonal interactions. It refers to the communication process that involves the
exchange of information and feelings by means of verbal and non-verbal messages, between two
or more persons. (Dr. Arif Ismail, 2014)
Sufficient sleep. This represents guidelines for healthy individuals and those not suffering
from a sleep disorder. (Max Hirshkowitz, PhD, et al., 2015)
Communication skills. It requires being able to express your ideas and views clearly,
confidently and concisely in speech, tailoring your content and style to the audience and promoting
free-flowing communication. (Bruce Woodcock, 2009)
Cognitive. It is the means of doing conscious intellectual activities such as thinking,
reasoning, perceiving, observing, remembering, and judging. (Merriam-Webster)

13
Liceo de Cabuyao
S.Y. 2017 – 2018
Prefrontal Cortex. This brain region has been implicated in planning complex cognitive
behavior, personality expression, decision making, and moderating social behaviour. (Matthew
Dahlitz, 2017)
Synapses. The point at which a nervous impulse passes from one neuron to another.
(Merriam-Webster)
Amygdala. This is a complex structure involved in a wide range of normal behavioral
functions and psychiatric conditions. It is the major site receiving inputs from sensory systems —
the visual, auditory, somatosensory (including pain), olfactory, and taste systems all have inputs
to this region (olfactory and taste information is also transmitted to other nuclei as well). (Dr.
Joseph E. LeDoux, 2007)
Academic performance. It is how well a student meets standards set out by local
government and the institution itself. (Melissa J. Bell, 2009)
Non-academic performance. It is not related to a school or formal education. (Merriam-
Webster)
Survey. It is the method of gathering information from a sample of people, traditionally
with the intention of generalizing the results to a larger population. (Dave Vannette, 2015)
14
Liceo de Cabuyao
S.Y. 2017 – 2018
CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
RELATED LITERATURE
This section of the second chapter is composed of statements and evidences from different
books, journals, and sites, which are related to the effects of sleep deprivation to the social lives
of the people involved.
Foreign
Sleep is known to be essential for everyone. According to Ted Abel, the senior author of a
2015 study called “Sleep, Neuronal Plasticity and Brain Function” and the new director of the
Iowa Neuroscience Institute, when we sleep, we experience non-rapid eye movement (NREM)
sleep and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. NREM sleep is a deeper type of sleep, and it’s what
we experience when we first go to bed. Deep sleep helps the brain to store and consolidate
memories, which become long-term memories as we slumber.
Sleep deprivation is common among working adults, hard-working students and teens that
are too attached to their devices. William Dement, MD, PhD, founder of the Stanford Sleep
15
Liceo de Cabuyao
S.Y. 2017 – 2018
Disorders Clinic, the first of its kind in the world, said that he thinks high school is the real danger
spot in terms of sleep deprivation and it is a huge problem. He said that nobody performs at the
level high school students could perform, whether it is in school, on the roadways, on the sports
field or in terms of physical and emotional health. Social and cultural factors, as well as the advent
of technology, all have collided with the biology of the adolescent to prevent teens from getting
enough rest. Since the early 1990s, it has been established that teens have a biologic tendency to
go to sleep later — as much as two hours later — than their younger counterparts. (Stanford
Medicine news article by Christopher Silas Neal, 2015)
Sleep deprivation is divided into two kinds: acute and chronic sleep deprivation. Acute
sleep deprivation refers to no sleep or a reduction in the usual total sleep time, usually lasting one
or two days while chronic sleep insufficiency (also called sleep restriction) exists when an
individual routinely sleeps less than the amount required for optimal functioning. Chronic sleep
insufficiency is common in modern society and may result from a variety of factors, including
work demands, social and family responsibilities, medical conditions, and sleep disorders. As sleep
debt accumulates, individuals may experience reduced performance, increased risk for accidents
and death, and detrimental effects on both psychological and physical health. Sleep has two
dimensions: duration (quantity) and depth (quality). When individuals fail to obtain adequate
duration or quality of sleep, daytime alertness and function suffer. In response to sleep deprivation,
sleep is often both longer and deeper. In many cases, however, sleep intensity can change without
16
Liceo de Cabuyao
S.Y. 2017 – 2018
major changes in sleep duration. Sleep duration alone is therefore not a good indicator of how
much sleep is needed to feel refreshed in the morning and function properly. (Chiara Cirelli, MD,
PhD, 2016)
It is well-known in past studies that both total and partial sleep loss affects a human’s
understanding. Total sleep deprivation (chronic) damages one’s attention and how they perceive
memories. Partial sleep deprivation (acute) is found to influence the vigilance of a person as stated
in a 2007 study called “Sleep deprivation: Impact on cognitive performance” by the researchers of
the Department of Psychology in the University of Turku which is still cited in present studies.
It is true that studies regarding the effects of sleep loss in more demanding cognitive
functions are still lacking until now. The results of past researches about the effects of sleep
deprivation to communication are still insufficient.
The integral part of one’s social life is communication. Reading, writing and listening
carefully are the three most important communication skills for students. Apart from reading and
writing presentations, reports and speeches are a part of school curriculum. This has been
introduced in schools and colleges for the overall development of students, thus, making
expressive skills important for them. Expressive skills are those which are used to express our
feelings, thoughts and expressions and thus get across our point successfully to the listener. To
develop expressive skills, students need to learn how to communicate effectively and get the full
17
Liceo de Cabuyao
S.Y. 2017 – 2018
attention of the listeners which is an important factor to develop communication skills in
relationships. (Your Comprehensive Guide To Effective Communication, 2017)
It is important to be friendly with others in school and college. Controlled verbal
communication and physical expression help students to make new friends and studying with good
friends relieve the stress. It is also really important in competitive environment and situation.
Good communication skills build strong friendships and give confidence. Students get
interested in visiting school and college daily because of it, but all is possible when someone
respect other, communicate when it is important and show positive expression in the certain
situation. That is how communication skills enhance the ability to understand and share the
feelings of each other. It will build a strong friendly relationship and that can often be converted
into business partnerships and love later in life. (Vijay Sharma, 2017)
Another important part of a healthy social life is the daily interpersonal interactions with
people, may it be one’s family, friends or relatives. A right socially interactive interaction with
peers is a necessity for humans especially children and teenagers because it will help them develop
strong language skills, creativity, social intelligence, and confidence.
Obviously, a student cannot function well in the society without communicating and
interacting with the people around them. Communication skills improve one’s presence of mind
which will also enhance their memory.

18
Liceo de Cabuyao
S.Y. 2017 – 2018
Local
Sleep is not merely a time when the body shuts off. While resting, the brain stays busy,
overseeing a wide variety of biological maintenance that keeps the body running in top condition,
preparing for the day ahead. Without enough hours of restorative sleep, people won’t be able to
work, learn, create, and communicate at a level even close to their true potential. Regularly skimp
on “service” and they are headed for a major mental and physical breakdown.
It is now believed that the “quality of our sleep directly affects the quality of an individual’s
waking life, including productivity, emotional balance, creativity, physical vitality, and even their
weight.” Sleep is therefore an essential human need, not a luxury, because it is in this state of rest
that the brain oversees the great work of biological maintenance to keep a human’s body running
in prime condition.
Mild sleep deprivation does not cause serious impairment but chronic deprivation does.
The range of impairment varies from feeling sleepy and irritable to having headaches, feeling
unmotivated, suffering body aches and pains, and generally feeling “stressed out.” Chronic sleep
loss affects our cardiovascular health, our energy balance and our ability to fight infections.
(Preciosa S. Soliven, 2016)
According to an article from PhilStar, lack of sleep is a major phenomenon that has been
gradually eroding the health of the Philippines. From the effects of unbearable traffic to the
19
Liceo de Cabuyao
S.Y. 2017 – 2018
explosion of the business process outsourcing industry to the geometric rise of Internet usage
nationwide, millions of Filipinos are choosing to sleep less, with dangerous effects. They seem to
think that staying awake to finish work is the lesser evil. Surely, it is not.
Aside from allowing the body to rest, sufficient, quality sleep allows the mind to refresh,
and facilitates the transfer of short-term to long-term memory. Proper sleep has been proven to
help students perform better in school the following day, particularly in complicated tasks like
mathematics. Decision-making and emotional stability are also affected by the right amount of
good sleep. (Bill Velasco, 2015)
According to Uratex foam Philippines (2012), in the article “How Many Hours of Sleep
Do we REALLY Need?” Sleepless nights can certainly cause all kinds of pains and frustrations.
Sleeping only 4 to 6 hours per night will eventually wear you down and stress you out. Losing
sleep will fog the mind and cloud your reflexes. It added that through the years, numerous studies
have revealed that being deprived of sleep for a few consecutive nights will slow your thinking
process.
A 2016 article by Stef dela Cruz, MD published in TheFilipinoDoctor.com stated the
effects when someone is sleep deprived which include: 1) After sleeping for less than five hours,
an otherwise-healthy adult will no longer be as alert as his peers; 2) After foregoing an entire
night’s sleep, a person will experience a decline in cognitive function; 3) Fatigue, such as that from
20
Liceo de Cabuyao
S.Y. 2017 – 2018
sleep insufficiency or chronic sleep deprivation, contributes more to motor vehicular accidents
than drinking.
RELATED STUDIES
This section of the second chapter is composed of theories and previous researches gathered
from different books and sites about the two variables pertaining to sleep deprivation and the social
lives of the high school students.
Foreign
A team of scientists at the University of Rochester discovered in 2013 that during sleep,
the brain purges itself, flushing out its own chemical waste through a hidden network of channels
that resemble a plumbing system which was showed in a study published in Science and funded
by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS). These pipes simulate
opening up during sleep. In addition, researchers think that this cleansing process uses up a lot of
energy, which may explain why the brain waits until bedtime to take out its own trash. Also, your
body saves the energy it uses to see while you are sleeping, which possibly adds needed fuel to
this process. The American Academy of Sleep Medicine also revealed that growth hormone is
21
Liceo de Cabuyao
S.Y. 2017 – 2018
released in children while they are asleep. Of course, there is still some debate as to which is the
optimum time to sleep, some suggest 10 p.m. to 2 a.m., while others say midnight to 6 a.m. is best.
Studies have shown that, in the last few decades, children (and therefore, adults) have
been sleeping less and less. Adults whose parents enforced strict bedtime rules have been found to
function more efficiently at work and sleep more hour than those who grew up with no rules on
when to sleep. Other researches showed that if you deprive a healthy adult of sleep for six straight
days, his body chemistry will resemble that of someone literally twice his age, and it will take him
a full week to get his metabolism back to normal. (Bill Velasco, 2015)
At the Sleep Disorder Center of the Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit, a 2016 study was
conducted among college graduate students between 18 to 30 years old. It was discovered that 20
percent of them, who averaged seven to eight hours of sleep, still fell asleep quickly during the
day when they were allowed to be in a dark room. When one hour was added to their sleep, they
improved noticeably on performance tests measuring reaction time and other skills. (Preciosa S.
Soliven, 2016)
A new 2017 study called “Selective neuronal lapses precede human cognitive lapses
following sleep deprivation” led by the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)’s Dr. Itzhak
Fried found that sleep deprivation causes the bursts of electrical activity that brain cells use to
communicate to become slower and weaker. It was discovered during an unusual study of patients
22
Liceo de Cabuyao
S.Y. 2017 – 2018
being evaluated for surgery to correct severe epilepsy. As part of the evaluation, doctors place
wires in the brain to find out where a patient's seizures are starting. That allows Fried and a team
of scientists to monitor hundreds of individual brain cells, often for days. Patients with epilepsy
are frequently kept awake in order to provoke a seizure, thus, the scientists had an ideal way to
study the effects of sleep deprivation. In the study, all the patients agreed to categorize images of
faces, places and animals. Each image caused cells in areas of the brain involved in perception to
produce distinctive patterns of electrical activity. Then, four of the patients stayed up all night
before looking at more images. And in these patients, the neurons were found to be responding
slower. These changes impair the cells' ability to communicate which leads to mental lapses that
can affect not only perception but memory. (BeauHD, 2017).
Previous studies have tied sleep deprivation to a heightened risk of depression, obesity,
diabetes, heart attacks and stroke. (Elaine Schmidt, 2017)
A few years ago, University of Sydney researchers surveyed about 3,000 adolescents and
young adults and discovered that for each hour of neglected sleep, levels of psychological distress
rose by about 5% the next day. In some people who suffered from anxiety, the
researchers believe sleep deprivation may have triggered the development of serious
psychological disorders like depression and bipolar disorder. The National Sleep
23
Liceo de Cabuyao
S.Y. 2017 – 2018
Foundation reports that the link between depression and sleep deprivation is complex, and one can
cause the other. (Tom McKay, 2014)
According to a 2016 article from WebMD, if you've been diagnosed with clinical
depression, you may be having trouble getting to sleep or staying asleep. One of the common signs
of depression is insomnia or an inability to fall and stay asleep. Most experts agree that adults need
seven to nine hours of sleep a night. But even without depression, according to the National Sleep
Foundation, the average American only gets about 6.9 hours. When you add depression to the mix,
the problems with sleep are compounded.
Meanwhile, deep sleep helps improve brain health and develop a proper and effective
sleep which is the key in managing the symptoms of depression. It also helps the brain convert
new memories into long-term ones and researchers at the University of Bristol’s Centre for
Synaptic Plasticity in England discovered in 2016 that sleep may help the brain sort through the
day’s information and keep what’s important.
When you don’t sleep well, your brain struggles to convert information into long-term
memories. Five hours of sleep deprivation can reduce connections between neurons in the
hippocampus, the area of the brain that’s associated with memory, according to a 2014 study called
“Transiently Increasing Camp Levels Selectively in Hippocampal Excitatory Neurons during
Sleep Deprivation Prevents Memory Deficits Caused by Sleep Loss” by the researchers at the
24
Liceo de Cabuyao
S.Y. 2017 – 2018
University of Groningen in the Netherlands and the University of Pennsylvania. This may help
explain why previous research has found that sleep improves your memory and your ability to
recall facts, and helps you sort through the day’s information.
In addition, one of the ten real dangers associated with a sleep-deprived workforce is
decreased in communication wherein when workers are tired, they become poor communicators.
Researchers noted that sleep deprived individuals drop the intensity of their voices; pause for long
intervals without apparent reason; enunciate very poorly or mumble instructions inaudibly;
mispronounce, slur or run words together; and repeat themselves or lose their place in a sentence
sequence. (Sandy Smith, 2015)
One of the factors why a person cannot interact properly is because they are in a sour
mood. Unfortunately, poor mood appropriate behavior is also included in the ten real dangers
regarding sleep deprivation studied by Smith. Inappropriate mood-related behavior often occurs
in outbursts, as most sleep-deprived individuals are often quiet and socially withdrawn. However,
a single one of these outbursts can be enough to destroy the positive culture of a work environment
and cause an HR nightmare.
25
Liceo de Cabuyao
S.Y. 2017 – 2018
Local
High school students tend to neglect sleep just to finish their academic tasks with the
demanded time coming from their school. Those who take studying seriously also borrow time
from their sleep just so they can study for an upcoming examination. While some are just replacing
sleep with fun things to do at night.
For the past two decades, sleep studies conducted in the laboratories of cognitive
psychologists are showing the opposite. Students, as well as scientists, should have about eight
hours of sleep before an examination for a better performance. Adding a nap in the afternoon will
also improve memory. (Leonardo L. Leonidas, 2012)
Furthermore, as claimed by the 2014 book entitled “Brain Rules”, a study of soldiers
operating complex military hardware found out that one night of sleep loss resulted in about 30-
percent loss of cognitive skills and drop in performance. If soldiers are deprived of two nights of
sleep, a 60-percent drop in performance is the outcome. The drop in performance as one of the
outcomes of sleep deprivation was also confirmed in a past observation wherein a group of students
were given a series of math problems with some tips on how to solve these. They were told of a
shortcut solution to the problems that they should discover during the process. They were tested
12 hours after the training. Of the students who were not allowed to sleep before the math test,
26
Liceo de Cabuyao
S.Y. 2017 – 2018
only 20 percent discovered the shortcut. However, those students who were allowed eight hours
of sleep performed much better. Sixty percent of them found the shortcut.
As stated in a 2015 article from the Philippine Daily Inquirer, sleep-deprivation in the
Philippines affects half of the population or close to 50 million Filipinos, who sleep less than six
hours a day as observed. The staggering statistic makes sleep problems a serious national issue.
Unresolved, problematic sleeping habits can gravely affect one’s health, relationship, career, and
overall well-being. These problems can even prove fatal in extreme cases. Quality sleep is proven
a basic need for humans to properly function.
Studies said that sleep in a young adult normally consists of 4 to 6 cycles of non-Rapid
Eye Movement (NREM) alternating with Rapid Eye Movement (REM) periods, each cycle lasting
90 to 120 minutes. We enter sleep through the NREM phase which predominates during the first
one-third of the night when there is minimal mental activity during this phase and this is believed
to be the body’s time for rest and repair. In contrast, the brain is very active during REM sleep and
it is in this phase where learning and memory consolidation occurs. As people age, there are less
of the deeper stages of NREM sleep. REM sleep episodes are longer and predominate during the
last one-third of the night into the early morning. Therefore the presence or absence of dreaming
can be an indicator of the length and quality of your sleep. Sleeping less than 7 hours per night can
also affect our behavior and impair our performance. We can even become a workplace and public
27
Liceo de Cabuyao
S.Y. 2017 – 2018
health hazard because lack of sleep leads to an increased risk of occupational errors and driving
accidents. (Deborah A. Bernardo, MD, 2016)
According to a research from Men’s Health magazine, lack of sleep hurts one’s
cognition in many ways. First, it impairs attention, alertness, concentration, and problem
solving. This makes it more difficult for people to learn. Second, during the night, various sleep
cycles play a role in “consolidating” memories in the mind. If students don’t get enough sleep,
they won’t be able to remember what they have learned during the day. (Christian Dela Cruz,
2014)
Synthesis
As the studies said, sleep is essential to be able to function well in the society. High school
students as adolescents are found to be more prone to sleep deprivation together with working
adults. The said people are more likely to suffer from sleep loss since their rest hours are constantly
being borrowed because of their works and other interests.
The two kinds of sleep deprivation are partial sleep loss—the one that can still be
recovered—and total sleep loss which causes greater destruction not just with one’s brain health
but also to their communication skills since it is where people started getting used of being
28
Liceo de Cabuyao
S.Y. 2017 – 2018
deprived of sleep. Sleep has also two dimensions (duration and depth) wherein it was affirmed that
the duration of a slumber is not a good basis of how effective a sleep is.
Communication skills are needed to be able to interact interpersonally since the passing of
information, feelings and emotions from one person to another is necessary if two individuals are
trying to interact. The mentioned communication skills and interpersonal interactions are the
integral parts of one’s social lives. Sleep deprivation, though, has the effects to impede an
individual from these by denying them alertness, declining their cognitive functions and making
them vulnerable to the dangers around them. People need to be actively interact with their peers
and also become aware of the communication that is currently happening if they want to interact
interpersonally. However, sleep deprivation causes brain cells to have the trouble of transmitting
information between each other.
29
Liceo de Cabuyao
S.Y. 2017 – 2018
CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
This section of the study presents the concise discussion of the procedures on how the
researchers conducted this study as they gather and interpret the data needed for this research. This
also aims to present the research instruments used and the description of the chosen respondents.
Research Method
The research is about the effects of sleep deprivation to the social life of the Grade 9-10
students of Liceo de Cabuyao S.Y. 2017-2018, which is observed using a quantitative research and
a descriptive design. The respondents’ understanding and insights are measured using a survey to
determine the effects of the first variable to the latter.
Selection of Respondents
The respondents of the study are the randomly selected students from each section of the
Grade 9-10 levels in Liceo de Cabuyao S.Y. 2017-2018 because they can potentially provide the
data the researchers needed for the study. The researchers did not include the Grade 7-8 students
30
Liceo de Cabuyao
S.Y. 2017 – 2018
as the potential respondents of the study due to the credence of them as people who are still under
the supervisions of their parents.
The systematic sampling method is used by the researchers to perform the collection of
data, regardless of the respondent’s gender, age, ability and intellect. 10 respondents from each
section of the Grade 9-10 levels in Liceo de Cabuyao are randomly chosen through drawn lots to
answer the survey which equals to 24% of the total population. To be more specific, 80 students
are randomly chosen among the 332 total number of population to be the respondents of the study.
Instrumentation
The instrument that is used in this research is a survey, specifically with a few
questionnaires as an introduction to figure out whether the respondents fall under the category or
not and to gather the profile of the randomly selected Grade 9-0 students of Liceo de Cabuyao that
will be essential to the interpretation of the gathered data. The researchers also used a rating scale
for the respondents to answer about the specific effects of sleep deprivation and the possible
response of a sleep deprived person to it.
31
Liceo de Cabuyao
S.Y. 2017 – 2018
Data Collection
This research aims to know the effects of sleep deprivation to the social life of an
individual, more specifically, the students from Grade 9-10 of Liceo De Cabuyao and how it affects
communication. It also aims to know how sleep-deprived students respond to their social life and
the significant relation between the two variables.
The research questions that are stated above are believed to be answered throughout the
process of performing a survey among the randomly selected Grade 9-10 students of Liceo de
Cabuyao which are chosen through a systematic sampling method. The survey is composed of
questionnaires and a rating scale which is prepared ahead of time.
The questions prepared are correlated to the topic and are arranged in an understandable
way to avoid confusion wherein a questionnaire is first asked in the survey sheet to be able to
determine the profile of the students, followed by the rating scale.
The respondents will be asked to answer the survey sheets by ticking off the box among
the multiple choices that best answers the questions or the ratings varying from 1-5 that best
represents the frequency of the situations. The researchers made sure that the questions and the
situations would not certainly offend the respondents.
32
Liceo de Cabuyao
S.Y. 2017 – 2018
The data will go under analyzation procedures by the end of the data collection, the
researchers will be able to list down the certain effects of sleep deprivation to one’s social life that
will determine what happens to the communication skills of an individual with insufficient sleep,
gain knowledge about the way a sleep-deprived student responds to and approaches his/her social
life.
Statistical Treatment of Data
 The Weighted Mean is used to derive the central tendency of a given set and to determine
how strong the relation between sleep deprivation and interpersonal interactions is and how
relevant the two variables are to each other. The weighted mean will provide the
researchers pertinent information about the collected data of the study and its nature.
Formula:
Ʃ𝒙
̅=
𝒙
𝒏
Where:
33
Liceo de Cabuyao
S.Y. 2017 – 2018
̅ is the symbol for the weighted mean;

𝒙
Ʃ is the symbol for summation;
x is the symbol of the score; and
n is the symbol for the total number of data.
The interpretation of data for the conducted survey was based on the Likert Scale which is
shown below. This chart is based on the fair interval of the 5 categories:
Table 1. Likert Scale
Score Limits Limitations
1-1.44 Not at all
1.45-2.44 Not really
2.45-3.44 Neutral
3.45-4.44 Somewhat
4.45-5.00 Very much
34
Liceo de Cabuyao
S.Y. 2017 – 2018
 The Percentage is used to determine the parts of a whole that is divided into 100 parts. It
is essential to be able to know and determine the percentage of the respondents in the
study and the percentage of each frequency.
Formula:
𝒇
P = x100
𝒏
P is the symbol for the percentage.
f is the symbol for the frequency.
n is the symbol for the total number of respondents; and
x is the operation which is multiplication.
35
Liceo de Cabuyao
S.Y. 2017 – 2018
CHAPTER IV
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
This chapter presents the collected data from the conducted survey of the researchers which
will guarantee them the data for this study. This chapter also comprises the analyzation and
interpretation of the said input wherein the first part shows the profile of the students, and the other
part reveals the individual results of each questions from the conducted data collection that are
based on the main objectives of the study which are to find the effects of sleep deprivation to one’s
social life and to identify the response of a sleep deprived student to his/her social life. Hence, the
tabulated presentations that will be shown below are the organized data based on the
questionnaires.
I. PROFILE OF THE STUDENTS
The respondents gave the time of their sleep and stated the time they usually wake up every
weekdays for the researchers to determine whether they are still having sufficient sleep by
computing the duration of their sleeping time.
36
Liceo de Cabuyao
S.Y. 2017 – 2018
Figure 2. Usual Sleep of the Respondents
5%
5%
27.5%
8 hours
17.5%
7 hours
6 hours
5 hours
2-4 hours
45%
The Grade 9-10 students ranges from 14 to 16 year olds, therefore, 8 to 10 hours of sleep
is recommended for them.
However, Figure 2 shows that only 22 out of 80 students, which is 27.5% of the total
number of respondents gets enough sleep every weekdays. Furthermore, 36 out of 80 students
which is 45% of the total number of respondents only get 7 hours of sleep every weekdays, which
is already an acute sleep deprivation, while the remaining 22 out of 80 students which is 27.5% of
37
Liceo de Cabuyao
S.Y. 2017 – 2018
the total number of respondent sleeps for only 2-6 hours every weekdays. This percentage of the
respondents are already losing much needed sleep which may develop into or already is a chronic
sleep deprivation.
Figure 3. Common Reason for Sleep Loss Answered by 80 Respondents
70% 62.50%
55%
60%
45%
50%
40%
30%
16.25%
20%
10%
0%
School Works Social Networking Sleep Disorders Other Interests
Sites
Reason for sleep loss
Figure 3 shows that 44 out of 80 students which is 55% of the total respondents chose
school works as one of their reason for sleep loss. The social networking sites received 50 out of
80 ticks from the respondents, which is 62.50% of the total number of respondents, concluding it
38
Liceo de Cabuyao
S.Y. 2017 – 2018
as the most frequent reason of the teens for losing much sleep. Another reason, which is the
sleeping disorders, got selected by 13 out of 80 students that totals to 16.25% of the total number
of respondents, making it the least reason for most teens. While other interests such as video
games, night outs, chatting, etc. was chosen as one of the most common reason for being sleep
deprived by 36 out of 80 students which equals to 45% of the total number of respondents.
II. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
This section of the chapter shows the results from the rating scale used in the survey
performed among the Grade 9-10 students of Liceo de Cabuyao for the school year 2017-2018 that
will be presented into tables below and analysed into conclusions.
A. Effects of sleep deprivation to one’s social life
The individual results of the possible effects of sleep deprivation to the social life of the
respondents are shown below together with the interpretation of the presented data in tables 2-16.
The results will also answer the first statement of the problem.
39
Liceo de Cabuyao
S.Y. 2017 – 2018
Table 2. I stammer a lot while talking
Class Frequency Percentage Rank
Always 2 2.5% 5
Often 12 15% 4
Seldom 35 43.75% 1
Sometimes 17 21.25% 2
Never 14 17.5% 3
COMPOSITE MEAN 2.64
INTERPRETATION Neutral
Table 2 shows that 2.5% of the total respondents answered Always in the situation I
stammer a lot while talking as an effect of sleep deprivation to their social life, while 15% answered
Often, 43.75% answered Seldom, 21.25% answered Sometimes, and 17.5% answered Never,
giving the first inquired situation a composite mean of 2.26 and a Neutral rate.
40
Liceo de Cabuyao
S.Y. 2017 – 2018
Table 3. I often stare off into space.
Always 6 7.5% 5
Often 24 30% 2
Seldom 29 36.25% 1
Never 10 12.5% 4
COMPOSITE MEAN 3.06
Table 3 shows that 7.5% of the total respondents answered Always in the situation I often
stare off into space as an effect of sleep deprivation to their social life, while 30% answered Often,
36.25% answered Seldom, 13.75% answered Sometimes, and 12.5% answered Never, giving the
second inquired situation a composite mean of 3.06 and a Neutral rate.
41
Liceo de Cabuyao
S.Y. 2017 – 2018
Table 4. My mind goes blank during conversations.
Always 3 3.75% 5
Often 10 12.5% 3
Seldom 33 41.25% 1
Never 9 11.25% 4
COMPOSITE MEAN 2.66
Table 4 shows that 3.75% of the total respondents answered Always in the situation My
mind goes blank during conversations as an effect of sleep deprivation to their social life, while
12.5% answered Often, 41.25% answered Seldom, 31.25% answered Sometimes, and 11.25%
answered Never, giving the third inquired situation a composite mean of 2.66 and a Neutral rate.
42
Liceo de Cabuyao
S.Y. 2017 – 2018
Table 5. I am having difficulties in expressing my emotions.
Always 11 13.75% 3
Often 11 13.75% 3
Seldom 32 40% 1
Never 8 10% 5
COMPOSITE MEAN 2.99
Table 5 shows that 13.75% of the total respondents answered Always in the situation I am
having difficulties in expressing my emotions as an effect of sleep deprivation to their social life,
while 13.75% answered Often, 40% answered Seldom, 22.5% answered Sometimes, and 10%
answered Never, giving the fourth inquired situation a composite mean of 2.99 and a Neutral rate.
43
Liceo de Cabuyao
S.Y. 2017 – 2018
Table 6. I frequently feel tired.
Always 23 28.75% 2
Often 16 20% 3
Seldom 26 32.5% 1
Never 5 6.25% 5
COMPOSITE MEAN 3.53
INTERPRETATION Somewhat
frequently feel tired as an effect of sleep deprivation to their social life, while 20% answered Often,
fifth inquired situation a composite mean of 3.53 and a Somewhat rate.
Among the 15 situations, the situation I frequently feel tired got a Somewhat rate, revealing
that sleep deprivation causes a person to become tired, and according to Sandy Smith (2015), tired
people are poor communicators.
44
Liceo de Cabuyao
S.Y. 2017 – 2018
Hence, there is an average and equal chance of damaging one’s social life through the
impairment of communication skills since according to what Christian Dela Cruz (2014) found in
a Men’s Health magazine, sleep loss impairs attention, alertness, concentration, and problem
solving, just like what the situations are mostly implying.
45
Liceo de Cabuyao
S.Y. 2017 – 2018
Table 7. I am having a slow perception of a message.
Always 1 1.25% 5
Often 8 10% 4
Seldom 32 40% 1
Sometimes 28 35% 2
Never 11 13.75% 3
COMPOSITE MEAN 2.50
having a slow perception of a message as an effect of sleep deprivation to their social life, while
10% answered Often, 40% answered Seldom, 35% answered Sometimes, and 13.75% answered
Never, giving the sixth inquired situation a composite mean of 2.50 and a Neutral rate.
46
Liceo de Cabuyao
S.Y. 2017 – 2018
Table 8. I have a great desire to doze off.
Always 8 10% 4
Often 13 16.25% 3
Seldom 27 33.75% 1
Sometimes 24 30% 2
Never 8 10% 4
COMPOSITE MEAN 2.86
Table 8 shows that 10% of the total respondents answered Always in the situation I have
a great desire to doze off as an effect of sleep deprivation to their social life, while 16.25%
answered Often, 33.75% answered Seldom, 30% answered Sometimes, and 10% answered
Never, giving the seventh inquired situation a composite mean of 2.86 and a Neutral rate.
47
Liceo de Cabuyao
S.Y. 2017 – 2018
Table 9. I can’t focus well.
Always 2 2.5% 5
Often 13 16.25% 3
Seldom 26 32.5% 2
Sometimes 28 35% 1
Never 11 13.75% 4
COMPOSITE MEAN 2.59
Table 9 shows that 2.5% of the total respondents answered Always in the situation I can’t
focus well as an effect of sleep deprivation to their social life, while 16.25% answered Often,
32.5% answered Seldom, 35% answered Sometimes, and 13.75% answered Never, giving the
eighth inquired situation a composite mean of 2.59 and a Neutral rate.
48
Liceo de Cabuyao
S.Y. 2017 – 2018
Table 10. My mind is always preoccupied thoughtlessly.
Always 8 10% 5
Often 12 15% 3
Seldom 28 35% 1
Sometimes 20 25% 2
Never 12 15% 3
COMPOSITE MEAN 2.80
Table 10 shows that 10% of the total respondents answered Always in the situation My
mind is always preoccupied thoughtlessly as an effect of sleep deprivation to their social life, while
15% answered Often, 35% answered Seldom, 25% answered Sometimes, and 15% answered
Never, giving the ninth inquired situation a composite mean of 2.80 and a Neutral rate.
49
Liceo de Cabuyao
S.Y. 2017 – 2018
Table 11. I do not seem interested in conversations at all.
Always 1 1.25% 5
Often 11 13.75% 4
Seldom 24 30% 2
Never 18 22.5% 3
COMPOSITE MEAN 2.39
INTERPRETATION Not really
Table 11 shows that 1.25% of the total respondents answered Always in the situation I do
not seem interested in conversations at all as an effect of sleep deprivation to their social life,
while 13.75% answered Often, 30% answered Seldom, 32.5% answered Sometimes, and 22.5%
answered Never, giving the tenth inquired situation a composite mean of 2.39 and a Not really
rate.
50
Liceo de Cabuyao
S.Y. 2017 – 2018
Table 12. I lack energy.
Always 6 7.5% 5
Often 10 12.5% 4
Seldom 17 21.25% 2
Never 13 16.25% 3
COMPOSITE MEAN 2.53
Table 12 shows that 7.5% of the total respondents answered Always in the situation I lack
energy as an effect of sleep deprivation to their social life, while 12.5% answered Often, 21.25%
answered Seldom, 42.5% answered Sometimes, and 16.25% answered Never, giving the eleventh
inquired situation a composite mean of 2.53 and a Neutral rate.
51
Liceo de Cabuyao
S.Y. 2017 – 2018
Table 13. I am easily distracted.
Always 7 8.75% 4
Often 18 22.5% 3
Seldom 25 31.25% 1
Never 7 8.75% 4
COMPOSITE MEAN 2.94
easily distracted as an effect of sleep deprivation to their social life, while 22.5% answered Often,
twelfth inquired situation a composite mean of 2.94 and a Neutral rate.
52
Liceo de Cabuyao
S.Y. 2017 – 2018
Table 14. I fail to construct coherent sentences.
Always 2 2.5% 5
Often 10 12.5% 4
Seldom 25 31.25% 2
Never 16 20% 3
COMPOSITE MEAN 2.44
INTERPRETATION Not really
Table 14 shows that 2.5% of the total respondents answered Always in the situation I fail
to construct coherent sentences as an effect of sleep deprivation to their social life, while 12.5%
answered Often, 31.25% answered Seldom, 33.75% answered Sometimes, and 20% answered
Never, giving the thirteenth inquired situation a composite mean of 2.44 and a Not really rate.
53
Liceo de Cabuyao
S.Y. 2017 – 2018
Table 15. My mood changes quickly.
Always 17 21.25% 3
Often 21 26.25% 2
Seldom 22 27.5% 1
Never 6 7.5% 5
COMPOSITE MEAN 3.36
Table 15 shows that 21.25% of the total respondents answered Always in the situation My
mood changes quickly as an effect of sleep deprivation to their social life, while 26.25% answered
Often, 27.5% answered Seldom, 17.5% answered Sometimes, and 7.5% answered Never, giving
the fourteenth inquired situation a composite mean of 3.36 and a Neutral rate.
54
Liceo de Cabuyao
S.Y. 2017 – 2018
Table 16. My physical appearance does not look pleasant at all.
Always 12 15% 3
Often 12 15% 3
Seldom 30 37.5% 1
Sometimes 16 20% 2
Never 10 12.5% 5
COMPOSITE MEAN 3.00
Table 16 shows that 15% of the total respondents answered Always in the situation My
physical appearance does not look pleasant at all as an effect of sleep deprivation to their social
life, while 15% answered Often, 37.5% answered Seldom, 20% answered Sometimes, and 12.5%
answered Never, giving the fifteenth inquired situation a composite mean of 3.00 and a Neutral
rate.
As a conclusion for tables 2-16, which will provide the data for the first statement of the
problem that comprises the effects that will later on answer the second statement of the problem,
it is seen that one’s social life is composed of spending time with friends, having fun while
55
Liceo de Cabuyao
S.Y. 2017 – 2018
interacting freely with the people around them and just plainly enjoying stuffs that can only be
attained through interactions with peers. To be able to do all these things, a healthy communication
is essential. However, tables 2-16 implies that when a person is sleep deprived, the effects of sleep
loss may or may not have an effect to one’s social life.
Furthermore, chronic or acute, gradually or suddenly, sleep deprivation does affect one’s
communication skills, just like what Table 6 implies.
To answer the second statement of the problem, one’s communication skills are truly
involved when it comes to social life because it is the only way to interact interpersonally, hence,
making the state of a sleep deprived individual’s communication skills equally impaired as his or
her cognitive functions.
56
Liceo de Cabuyao
S.Y. 2017 – 2018
B. Response of a sleep deprived person in their social life
The individual results for the possible response or approach of a sleep deprived person to
his/her social life from the data provided by the respondents are shown below in tables 17-21
together with the interpretation of the presented data. The results will answer the third statement
of the problem.
Table 17. I sleep in my free time to recover from the sleep loss instead of interacting.
Always 31 38.75% 1
Often 19 23.75% 2
Seldom 12 15% 3
Sometimes 8 10% 5
Never 10 12.5% 4
COMPOSITE MEAN 3.66
INTERPRETATION Somewhat
57
Liceo de Cabuyao
S.Y. 2017 – 2018
sleep in my free time to recover from the sleep loss instead of interacting as one of the response of
a sleep deprived person to their social life, while 23.75% answered Often, 15% answered Seldom,
10% answered Sometimes, and 12.5% answered Never, giving the sixteenth inquired situation a
composite mean of 3.66 and a Somewhat rate.
According to Preciosa S. Soliven (2016), the Sleep Disorder Center of the Henry Ford
Hospital in Detroit discovered that 20 percent of a teen population, who averaged seven to eight
hours of sleep, still fell asleep quickly during the day when they were allowed to be in a dark room.
Considering this and the situation in Table 17 which is I sleep in my free time to recover from the
sleep loss instead of interacting got a composite mean of 3.66 and a Somewhat rate, showing that
teens really does grab the opportunity to sleep to recover from the sleep loss instead of interacting.
58
Liceo de Cabuyao
S.Y. 2017 – 2018
Table 18. I respond with lame or nonsense replies.
Always 8 10% 5
Often 15 18.75% 2
Seldom 31 38.75% 1
Never 11 13.75% 4
COMPOSITE MEAN 2.93
Table 18 shows that 10% of the total respondents answered Always in the situation I
respond with lame or nonsense replies as one of the response of a sleep deprived person to their
social life, while 18.75% answered Often, 38.75% answered Seldom, 18.75% answered
Sometimes, and 13.75% answered Never, giving the seventeenth inquired situation a composite
mean of 2.93 and a Neutral rate.
59
Liceo de Cabuyao
S.Y. 2017 – 2018
Table 19. I do not react as brightly as I do before.
Always 8 10% 5
Often 9 11.25% 3
Seldom 29 36.25% 1
Never 9 11.25% 3
COMPOSITE MEAN 2.78
Table 19 shows that 10% of the total respondents answered Always in the situation I do
not react as I do before as one of the response of a sleep deprived person to their social life, while
11.25% answered Often, 36.25% answered Seldom, 31.25% answered Sometimes, and 11.25%
answered Never, giving the eighteenth inquired situation a composite mean of 2.78 and a Neutral
rate.
60
Liceo de Cabuyao
S.Y. 2017 – 2018
Table 20. I get into arguments because of behavioural changes.
Always 10 12.5% 5
Often 11 13.75% 3
Seldom 28 35% 1
Sometimes 20 25% 2
Never 11 13.75% 3
COMPOSITE MEAN 2.86
Table 20 shows that 12.5% of the total respondents answered Always in the situation I get
into arguments because of behavioural changes as one of the response of a sleep deprived person
to their social life, while 13.75% answered Often, 35% answered Seldom, 25% answered
Sometimes, and 13.75% answered Never, giving the nineteenth inquired situation a composite
61
Liceo de Cabuyao
S.Y. 2017 – 2018
Table 21. I refuse hangouts to allot my time for sleep instead.
Always 8 10% 5
Often 9 11.25% 4
Seldom 26 32.5% 1
Never 15 18.75% 3
COMPOSITE MEAN 2.66
Table 21 shows that 10% of the total respondents answered Always in the situation I refuse
hangouts to allot my time for sleep instead as one of the response of a sleep deprived person to
their social life, while 11.25% answered Often, 32.5% answered Seldom, 27.5% answered
Sometimes, and 18.75% answered Never, giving the twentieth inquired situation a composite
As a conclusion, all situations except the situation in Table 17 all resulted into Neutral
rates, revealing that the situations I respond with lame replies, I do not react as brightly as I do
62
Liceo de Cabuyao
S.Y. 2017 – 2018
before, I get into arguments because of behavioural changes, and I refuse hangouts to allot my
time for sleep has an equal possibility of taking and not taking into action.
Soliven (2016) also mentioned that sleep is an essential human need because it is in this
state of rest that our brain oversees the great work of biological maintenance to keep our bodies
running in prime condition. Also, mild sleep deprivation does not cause serious impairment since
it only varies from feeling sleepy and irritable to having headaches, feeling unmotivated, suffering
body aches and pains, and generally feeling “stressed out.”, while chronic sleep loss affects our
cardiovascular health, our energy balance and our ability to fight infections. Therefore, with all of
the mentioned possibilities, kicking off a negative response to your social life such as the first
implied situation in the possible response of a sleep deprived person to their social life is also
possible since all of these things are connected to the communication skills of an individual which
is also connected to his or her social life.
63
Liceo de Cabuyao
S.Y. 2017 – 2018
CHAPTER V
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
This chapter presents the summary of findings, conclusion and recommendations in
accordance with the statement of the problem posed in this study.
Summary of Findings
The following are the findings of this study:
1. Respondents demographic profile
1.1 Out of 80 grade 9-10 students of Liceo de Cabuyao, only 22 (27.5%) of them
are not sleep deprived.
1.2 In terms of their reasons that result into sleep deprivation, 50 (62.5%) of the
total number of respondents said that they are sleep deprived because of social
networking sites, 44 (55%) out of 80 respondents said that sleep deprivation is
a result of school works and demands, 36 (45%) out of 80 said that it was
because of sleeping disorders instead, while 13 (16.25) out of 80 reasoned out
other interests such as video games, night outs, chatting, etc.
2. The gathered data for the effects of sleep deprivation shows that out of 15 possible effects,
the situation I frequently feel tired got a 3.53 mean and a Somewhat rate, the situations I
do not seem interested in conversations at all (with a mean of 2.39) and I fail to construct
64
Liceo de Cabuyao
S.Y. 2017 – 2018
coherent sentences (with a mean of 2.44) both got a Not really rate, while the rest of the
situations got a Neutral rate.
3. The data for the response of a sleep deprived person to his or her social life shows that the
possible respond I sleep in my free time to recover from the sleep loss instead of interacting
got a 3.66 mean and a Somewhat rate, while the other four possible response were seen to
have a Neutral rate.
Conclusions
From the findings the following conclusions were drawn:
1. Sleep deprivation has tons of possible negative effects to the social life of a teenager.
2. Total and partial sleep loss affects one’s cognitive ability in many ways, may it be with the
memory, alertness, verbal and non-verbal communication skills, etc.
3. Insufficient sleep comes with the feeling of tiredness which makes people poor
communicators.
4. Communication skills of a sleep deprived person are equally impaired as his or her
cognitive ability, putting the social life of the person involved at stake.
5. Sleep deprived people tend to sacrifice their time with peers to sleep instead.
65
Liceo de Cabuyao
S.Y. 2017 – 2018
Recommendations
Based on the findings of this study the researchers recommended the following:
1. Learn how to balance your time between school works and your family and friends.
2. Practice self-control when using social networking sites. Set a limit of usage if possible.
3. Ask help from your teachers, parents or friends if school works get difficult.
4. Allow yourself to have some time to relax since relaxation helps relieve stress which will
later on help you have a better sleep.
5. Consult a professional doctor if sleeping disorders get out of hand.
6. Learn how to meditate and detach yourself from any possible distractions. It develops a
healthy mental health and help treat anxiety and depression.
66
Liceo de Cabuyao
S.Y. 2017 – 2018
Bibliography
Introduction/Background of the Study

 Ludden, D., Ph.D. (2017). How Lack of Sleep Affects Your Social Life. Retrieved from
https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/talking-apes/201710/how-lack-sleep-affects-your-
social-life
 Levine, B. (2012). Poor Job Performance, Sleep Deprivation Effects. Retrieved from
https://jonbarron.org/article/sleep-deprived-adults-job
 University of Michigan. (Ed.). (2013). Facts About Sleep: (from the National Institutes of
Health). Retrieved from http://campusmindworks.org/students/self_care/sleep.asp
 Richter, R. (2015). Go to bed: Social and school pressures prompt many stressed teens to forsake
sleep. Retrieved from https://stanmed.stanford.edu/2015fall/go-to-bed.html
Theoretical Framework
 Pennell, J. (2015). Here's Another Reason Why You Shouldn't Pull an All-Nighter. Retrieved
from https://www.teenvogue.com/story/sleep-deprivation-affects-social-skills
 Simon-Thomas, E. R. (2007). Does Sleeping Well Make Us More Socially Adept? Retrieved
from 
https://greatergood.berkeley.edu/article/item/does_sleeping_well_make_us_more_socially_adept
 Baran, B., Et. al. (2012). Processing of emotional reactivity and emotional memory over sleep.
Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3548452/
 Simon, E., Et. al. (2015). Losing Neutrality: The Neural Basis of Impaired Emotional Control
without Sleep. Retrieved from http://www.jneurosci.org/content/35/38/13194
Definition of terms
 Dahlitz, M. (2017). Prefrontal Cortex. Retrieved from
https://www.neuropsychotherapist.com/prefrontal-cortex/
 LeDoux, J. (2007). The amygdala. Retrieved from http://www.cell.com/current-
biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(07)01779-4
 State Government of Victoria, Australia. (2017). Sleep deprivation. Retrieved from
https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/sleep-deprivation#lp-h-7
 Ismail, A. (2014). Interpersonal Interaction. Retrieved from
https://www.slideshare.net/drarif89/interpersonal-interaction
 Hirshkowitz, Ph.D., M., Et. al. (2018). National Sleep Foundation’s sleep time duration
recommendations: Methodology and results summary. Retrieved from
http://www.sleephealthjournal.org/article/S2352-7218(15)00015-7/fulltext
67
Liceo de Cabuyao
S.Y. 2017 – 2018
 University of Kent. (2009). Communication Skills: Speaking and Listening. Retrieved from
https://www.kent.ac.uk/careers/sk/communicating.htm
 Bell, M. J. (2009). Define Academic Performance. Retrieved from
https://classroom.synonym.com/define-academic-performance-4740750.html
 Vannette, D. (2015). What Is A Survey? Retrieved from https://www.qualtrics.com/blog/what-is-
a-survey/
Related Literature - Foreign

 Stanford Medicine. (2015). From A's to Zzzz's. Retrieved from
http://stanfordmedicine.org/communitynews/2015fall/sleep.html
 Cirelli, C., MD, PhD. (2018). Insufficient sleep: Definition, epidemiology, and adverse outcomes.
Retrieved from https://www.uptodate.com/contents/insufficient-sleep-definition-epidemiology-
and-adverse-outcomes/print
 Sharma, V. (2017). Importance of Communication Skills for Students. Retrieved from
http://www.klientsolutech.com/importance-of-communication-skills-for-students/
 Meerlo, Et. al (Ed.). (2015). Sleep, Neuronal Plasticity and Brain Function. Retrieved from
http://www.springer.com/gp/book/9783662468777
 Alhola, P., Et. al. (2007). Sleep deprivation: Impact on cognitive performance. Retrieved from
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2656292/
 Communication Skills World. (2017). Importance Of Communication Skills For Students.
Retrieved from http://www.communicationskillsworld.com/communicationskillsforstudents.html
Related Literature – Local

 Soliven, P. S. (2016). Sleepless sleep. Retrieved from
https://www.pressreader.com/philippines/the-philippine-star/20160526/281698318989245
 Ahrberg K., Et. al. (2012). The interaction between sleep quality and academic performance.
Retrieved from https://www.coursehero.com/file/podjgdm/According-to-Ahrberg-K-Dresler-M-
Niedermaier-S-Steiger-A-and-Genzel-L-2012-in/
 HELPGUIDE.ORG. (2017). Sleep Needs: What to Do If You’re Not Getting Enough Sleep.
Retrieved from https://www.helpguide.org/articles/sleep/sleep-needs-get-the-sleep-you-need.htm
 Dela Cruz, S., MD. (2016). Sleep Deprivation. Retrieved from
http://m.thefilipinodoctor.com/health-care/health-articles/524/
Related Studies – Foreign
 Hamilton, J. (2017). Sleepless Night Leaves Some Brain Cells As Sluggish As You Feel.
Retrieved from https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2017/11/06/562354635/sleepless-night-
leaves-some-brain-cells-as-sluggish-as-you-feel
68
Liceo de Cabuyao
S.Y. 2017 – 2018
 Schmidt, E. (2017). Spacing out after staying up late? Here's why. Retrieved from
http://newsroom.ucla.edu/releases/spacing-out-after-staying-up-late
 The Philippine Star. (2015). This sleep deprived nation. Retrieved from
 McKay, T. (2014). 10 ways sleep deprivation affects you. Retrieved from
https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2014/12/10-ways-sleep-deprivation-affects-you/
 WebMD, LLC. (2016). Sleep and Depression. Retrieved from
https://www.webmd.com/depression/guide/depression-sleep-disorder
 Aarp.org. (2016). Sleep is Key to Placing Short-Term Memories into Long-Term Storage.
Retrieved from https://stayingsharp.aarp.org/art/relax/16/sleep-learning-memory.html
Related Studies – Local

 Leonidas, L. L. (2014). Students need more sleep. Retrieved from
http://opinion.inquirer.net/69035/students-need-more-sleep/amp
 Uratex.org. (2016). 7 Common Sleep Challenges Keeping Filipinos Awake at Night. Retrieved
from https://www.uratex.com.ph/keeping-filipinos-awake-at-night/
 Bernardo, D. A., MD. (2016). Healthy sleep is just a dream away. Retrieved from
 Dela Cruz, C. (2014). THE HARMFUL EFFECTS OF SLEEP DEPRIVATION. Retrieved from
https://chrisdelacruzofficial.com/2014/05/14/the-harmful-effects-of-sleep-deprivation/
69
Liceo de Cabuyao
S.Y. 2017 – 2018
Appendix
Name: Age: _____

Grade and Section: Gender: _____
Introduction: Good day, Licean! Thank you for kindly cooperating for this survey which will
serve as one of the gathered data of the researchers for their recent study named “Relation between
sleep deprivation and the interpersonal interactions of the Grade 9-10 students of Liceo de
Cabuyao”. It will only take a few minutes to answer the questions prepared by the researchers. Be
assured that all answers you provide will be kept in the strictest confidentiality.
A. Tick (✓) off the box that affirms the usual time of your sleep during weekdays.
□ 8:00-9:00 PM □ 9:00-10:00 PM □10:00 PM-11:00 PM □ 12:00 AM onwards
And state here what time do you usually wake up during weekdays:
B. Tick (✓) off the box/es that state/s your reason for sleep loss.
□ School works and academic demands (assignments, projects, reports, quizzes, exams, etc.)
□ Social Networking Sites (Facebook/Messenger, Twitter, Instagram, etc.)
□ Sleeping Disorders (insomnia, sleep walking, sleep terrors, sleep apnea and snoring,
nightmares, etc.)
□ Other Interests (video games, night outs, chatting, etc.)
Direction: Read the statements clearly and tick (✓) off the box that best represents your rating.
Be guided by the following when answering the rating scale:
5 – Always
4 – Often
3 – Seldom
2 – Sometimes
1 – Never
70
Liceo de Cabuyao
S.Y. 2017 – 2018
 Effects of sleep deprivation to one’s social life 5 4 3 2 1
1. I stammer a lot while talking
2. I often stare off into space
3. My mind goes blank during conversations
4. I am having difficulties in expressing my emotions
5. I frequently feel tired
6. I am having a slow perception of a message
7. I have a great desire to doze off
8. I can’t focus well
9. My mind is always preoccupied thoughtlessly
10. I do not seem interested in conversations at all
11. I lack energy
12. I am easily distracted
13. I fail to construct coherent sentences
14. My mood changes quickly
15. My physical appearance does not look pleasant at all
71
Liceo de Cabuyao
S.Y. 2017 – 2018
 Response of a sleep deprived person to their social life 5 4 3 2 1

16. I sleep in my free time to recover from the sleep loss instead of
interacting
17. I respond with lame or nonsense replies
18. I do not react as brightly as I do before
19. I get into arguments because of behavioural changes
20. I refuse hang outs to allot my time for sleep instead
72
Liceo de Cabuyao
S.Y. 2017 – 2018
Curriculum Vitae
KRISTINE CLAIRE B. FUENTECILLA

KC
fuentypical@gmail.com
Personal Information
Date of Birth: August 11, 2001
Age: 16 years old
Gender: Female
Place of Birth: Calamba City, Laguna
Address: Blk 19 Lot 29 Major Homes Subdivision, Bigaa, Cabuyao City, Laguna
Educational Background
Elementary: Panorama Montessori School
Secondary: Liceo de Cabuyao
Ambition: To become a Flight Attendant
Motto: “Life is only a path full of efforts.”
73
Liceo de Cabuyao
S.Y. 2017 – 2018
SHERILYN ANNE G. LIMOCON

She
sheshe.vixx@gmail.com
Date of Birth: June 25, 2002
Age: 15 years old
Gender: Female
Place of Birth: Mandaluyong City, Manila
Address: Blk 21 Lot 32 Southville, Marinig, Cabuyao City, Laguna
Elementary: San Isidro Elementary School
Ambition: To be a Nurse
Motto: “Nothing in life is worthwhile unless you take risk. Fall forward. Every failed
experiment is one step closer to success.”
74
Liceo de Cabuyao
S.Y. 2017 – 2018
JAZMINE NICOLE M. CLAROS

Jaz
jazminenicoleclaros006@gmail.com
Date of Birth: May 6, 2002
Age: 15 years old
Gender: Female
Place of Birth: Sta. Rosa City, Laguna
Address: Blk 1 Lot 19 Narra Ave., Anahaw Homes, Dita, Sta. Rosa City, Laguna
Elementary: Liceo de Cabuyao
Ambition: To be a Dermatologist
Motto: “If you can dream it, you can do it.”
75
Liceo de Cabuyao
S.Y. 2017 – 2018
PATRICIA NICHOLE Z. PEROS

Pat
nicholeperos@gmail.com
Date of Birth: September 18, 2001
Age: 16 years old
Gender: Female
Place of Birth: Calamba Medical Center, Laguna
Address: Blk 16 Lot 54 Celestine Homes, Cabuyao City, Laguna
Elementary: Ephphatha Integrated School Inc.
Ambition: To be a Chef
Motto: “Do not give up! The beginning is always the hardest.”
76
Liceo de Cabuyao
S.Y. 2017 – 2018
ANDREICELLIE CHRISTINE F. SISON

Tintin
tintinsison06@gmail.com
Date of Birth: July 6, 2001
Age: 16 years old
Gender: Female
Place of Birth: Pasay City, Manila
Address: Blk 39, Lot 26 Villa Anthurium, Dita, Sta. Rosa City, Laguna
Elementary: Liceo de Cabuyao
Ambition: To become a Chef
Motto: “Life is a one way ticket!”
77
Liceo de Cabuyao
S.Y. 2017 – 2018
ROXAN D. PASIGADO
Roxan
roxanpasigado@gmail.com
Date of Birth: April 8, 2001
Age: 16 years old
Gender: Female
Place of Birth: San Antonio 2nd, Pampanga
Address: Blk 13 Lot 4 Tierracon, Dita, Sta. Rosa City, Laguna
Elementary: Cabuyao Central Elementary School
Ambition: To become a Radiologist
Motto: “The road to success comes through hard work, determination and sacrifices.”
78

The Effects of Sleep Deprivation To The Interpersonal Interactions of The Grade 9-10 Students of Liceo de Cabuyao

Caricato da

Informazioni sul documento

Titolo originale

Copyright

Formati disponibili

Condividi questo documento

Condividi o incorpora il documento

Opzioni di condivisione

Hai trovato utile questo documento?

Questo contenuto è inappropriato?

Copyright:

Formati disponibili

The Effects of Sleep Deprivation To The Interpersonal Interactions of The Grade 9-10 Students of Liceo de Cabuyao

Caricato da

Copyright:

Formati disponibili

San Pablo Diocesan Catholic Schools System

THE PROBLEM AND THE SETTING

performances from school.

Working adults such as night-shift workers, especially those in the transportation,

such as age, intellect, workforce or status.

themselves and even pull an all-nighter just to finish their tasks.

and talking are still frequently found in some teens.

everything and still respond sensibly in life.

problems with concentration, short-term memory, paranoia and hallucinations.

into something else.

lacks sleep is an understatement.

much as 60 per cent more active than normal.

one of the objectives of the researchers for this study.

Paradigm of the Study

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Figure 1. Research Paradigm

Statement of the Problem

researchers particularly aim to answer the following questions:

1. What are the effects of sleep deprivation in one’s social life?

2. What happens to the communication skills of a person when deprived of sleep?

3. How does a sleep-deprived person respond to or approach his/her social life?

Cabuyao S.Y. 2017-2018.

Significance of the Study

comprehension about the two variables involved in the study.

ever faced with similar situations.

has insufficient rest.

to communication among them.

along with it.

Scopes and Limitations

school department are still under the supervisions of their parents.

the Grade 9-10 students of Liceo de Cabuyao.

known as fatigue. (State of Victoria, Australia, 2017)

Interpersonal interactions. It refers to the communication process that involves the

or more persons. (Dr. Arif Ismail, 2014)

from a sleep disorder. (Max Hirshkowitz, PhD, et al., 2015)

free-flowing communication. (Bruce Woodcock, 2009)

Cognitive. It is the means of doing conscious intellectual activities such as thinking,

reasoning, perceiving, observing, remembering, and judging. (Merriam-Webster)

Amygdala. This is a complex structure involved in a wide range of normal behavioral

Joseph E. LeDoux, 2007)

government and the institution itself. (Melissa J. Bell, 2009)

Non-academic performance. It is not related to a school or formal education. (Merriam-

Survey. It is the method of gathering information from a sample of people, traditionally

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

of the people involved.

memories, which become long-term memories as we slumber.

Medicine news article by Christopher Silas Neal, 2015)

deprivation to communication are still insufficient.

attention of the listeners which is an important factor to develop communication skills in

relationships. (Your Comprehensive Guide To Effective Communication, 2017)

It is important to be friendly with others in school and college. Controlled verbal

strong language skills, creativity, social intelligence, and confidence.

which will also enhance their memory.

(Preciosa S. Soliven, 2016)

good sleep. (Bill Velasco, 2015)

A 2016 article by Stef dela Cruz, MD published in TheFilipinoDoctor.com stated the

lives of the high school students.

can affect not only perception but memory. (BeauHD, 2017).

diabetes, heart attacks and stroke. (Elaine Schmidt, 2017)

cause the other. (Tom McKay, 2014)

the problems with sleep are compounded.

day’s information and keep what’s important.

“Transiently Increasing Camp Levels Selectively in Hippocampal Excitatory Neurons during