INTRODUCTION TO HOUSE WIRING

3 Phase-4 wire Supply: - Electric wiring is defined as a system of electric conductors,

components and apparatus for converging electric power from the source to the point of
use. The wiring system must be designed to provide a constant voltage to the load.
Electric power is supplied to domestic installation through a phase and a neutral forming
a single phase a.c.230v, two wire systems. For industrial establishments. Power is
supplied through three phase four wire system to give 440v. Figure shows the power
toppings for domestic and industrial purpose. The neutral is earthed at the distribution,
substation of the supply. When supplied to domestic utilities, power is fed to a kilo watt
meter and then to a distribution panel. The panel distributes power along several
circuits. it also protects these circuits from over load by safety devices like fuses or
circuit breakers. the panel also serves as a main switch, for a safe practise,all single
phase devices such as switches, Fuses etc are connected to the wire conductor. All
electrical conductors and cables are colour coded and must be correctly connected up.

WIRING DIAGRAM OF A ROOM:-These are devices designed to provide a circuit with

excess current protection. in old type of distribution panels, open link fuses,
plug(or)cartridge fuses are used. In new panels, circuit breakers are used. In new
panels, circuit breakers are used. When something goes wrong with an appliance (or)
supply the line becomes over loaded (or) short circuited. Then either the fuse flows out
(or) circuit breaker trips open, isolating that circuit (or) appliances. in such case the
appliance must be checked for defects (or) it must be ensured that these are not too
many appliances in that particular circuit.

COLOR CODE FOR CORES:-

For identification of multi core cables having wires of different polarities the cores are
allotted different core colors.

In a 3phase,four-wire system, the 3 phases 1,2,&3 are given core colors “red” yellow
and blue for a neutral “black'' and green for earth wire. These colors should always be
kept in mind while connecting conductors in multi color cables.

STANDARD SIZE OF CABLE:-The size of the cable depends on the size of the
conductor. it is determined by one of the following.

1. With a standard wire gauge

2. According to the diameter of the conductor, and
3. According to the cross-sectional area of the conductor.
Figure shows a standard wire gauge. The gauge of a wire is determined by trial and
error by inserting in the slots. It is specified by the number of the SWG indicated. it a
stranded cable is of 3/20,it means that the conductor is made of copper and there are
three strands in a cable each of 20 SWG.similarly if a conductor of aluminum cable has
a cross-sectional area of 25mm2,it can have a 7/2.24 stranded conductor. It has seven
strands in a cable and each strand has a cross-sectional area of 4mm2.

1. V.I.R (Vulcanized insulation rubber) cable.

2. C.T.S (Cab type sheathed) cable.
3. P.V.C (Poly vinyl chloride) cable.

Sizes available in copper conductors are 1/18,3/22,3/20,7/22,7/20,7/18,- - - - - - - -,in

aluminum the sizes are in mm as 1/1.4(1.5mm2),1/1.8(2.5mm2) etc.

COMBINATION CUTTING PLIER:-

This is made of tool steel and is used for cutting as well as for gripping the work. The
handle of the pliers used by electricians is insulated with PVC covering to protect from
electric shocks.
SCREW DRIVER:- This is made of tool steel and is used for screw (or) unscrewing the
screws. The Handle of the screw driver used by electricians are insulated with PVC to
protect from electric shocks.
 SERIES CONNECTION

AIM : - To connecting a “SERIES CONNECTION” Circuit.

MATERIALS REQUIRED: - Switch board, pvc pipe, base saddles (g clamps) screws,
holders bulbs pvc box,1/18 insulated wire,1 way switch.

TOOLS REQUIRED: - Cutting plier, screw driver, line tester, nose plier, hack saw blade.

EQUIPMENT REQUIRED:- Work bench, hand drill machine.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:-

PROCEDURE: - 1.Take the required length of wire and PVC tube.

2. Make all the connections as per circuit.
3. Check-up the switches, fuses whether they are connected
Properly (or) not.
4. Show the connections to the lab assistant.
5. Switch on the power supply after getting the approval of the lab
Assistant.
6. Switch off the power supply after the experiment.

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS:-1.All the bulbs connected must glow.

2. Don’t touch the phase wire(L) without instrument.
3. Use fuses and circuit breakers of proper capacity.

RESULT:-”All bulbs glow”

 PARALLEL CONNECTION

AIM : - To connecting a “PARALLEL CONNECTION” Circuit.

MATERIALS REQUIRED: - Switch board, PVC pipe, base saddles (g clamps)

Screws, holder’s bulbs, PVC box, 1/18 insulated wire, 1
way switch.

TOOLS REQUIRED: - Cutting plier, screw driver, line tester, nose plier, hack saw
Blade.

EQUIPMENT REQUIRED: - Work Bench, Hand Drill Machine.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM :-

PROCEDURE: - 1.Take the required length of wire and PVC tube.

2. Make all the connections as per circuit.
3. Check-up the switches, fuses whether they are connected
Properly (or) not.
4. Show the connections to the lab assistant.
5. Switch on the power supply after getting the approval of the lab
Assistant.
6. Switch off the power supply after the experiment.

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS:-1.All the bulbs connected must glow.

2. Don’t touch the phase wire (L) without instrument.
3. Use fuses and circuit breakers of proper capacity.

RESULT:-”All bulbs glow”

 II-WAY CONNECTION

AIM: - To connecting a “II-WAY CONNECTION” Circuit.

MATERIALS REQUIRED: - Switch board, PVC pipe, base saddles (g clamps) screws,
holders bulbs, pvc box,1/18 insulated wire,II-Way switch.

TOOLS REQUIRED: - Cutting plier, screw driver, line tester, nose plier,hack saw blade.

EQUIPMENT REQUIRED:- Work bench, hand drill machine.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:-

PROCEDURE: - 1.Take the required length of wire and pvc tube.

2. Make all the connections as per circuit.
3. Check-up the switches, fuses whether they are connected
properly (or)not.
4. Show the connections to the lab assistant.
5. Switch on the power supply after getting the approval of the lab
assistant.
6. Switch off the power supply after the experiment.

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS:-1.All the bulbs connected must glow.

2. Don’t touch the phase wire (L) without instrument.
3. Use fuses and circuit breakers of proper capacity.

RESULT:-”All bulbs glow”

Nose Plier

Wire Stripper
Screw Driver