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Dessiree Allyssa M. Tina, Audrey John P. Gonzales, Tricia Nicole R. Reonal, Arren Mae
D. Torres. Group 01, 7:30AM-1:30PM Wednesdays, E610, BS BIO 1-4, Department of
Biology, College of Science, Polytechnic University of the Philippines.
Introduction
Titration is the slow addition of one solution of a known concentration (called a
titrant) to a known volume of another solution of unknown concentration until the
reaction reaches neutralization, which is often indicated by a color change. The solution
called the titrant must satisfy the necessary requirements to be a primary or secondary
standard.
Executing the laboratory experiment aimed to (1) determine the total acid
component of vinegar, (2)to determine the equivalence point of the reaction, and (3)to gain
confidence in performing titration.
Methodology
a. Reagents
Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is a basic solution and has the ability to raise pH of
chemical solutions, for example it useful for neutralization of acids.
Potassium hydrogen phthalate (KHP) is the chemical reagent for
standardization.
Phenolphthalein was added to the chemical solution subject to titration as a
color indicator.
Acetic Acid (CH3COOH) in vinegar is used and diluted in water to produce a
chemical solution to be titrated.
Deionized water or CO2-free distilled water is used as a solvent for the
chemical reagent to produce liquid solutions.
Reagents listed/used were issued by the Polytechnic University of the
Philippines.
b. Equipments & Apparatus
Iron stand with clamp, was used to hold the 50 mL Burette in between the
rubber holder of the clamp so it would not slip off and fall during the titration
process a 1 liter and 250mL Erlenmeyer flasks were used to contain the chemical
agent solution for titration placed below the end of burette and on top of the base
of the stand with a white paper underneath it. Also, a volumetric pipet and
aspirator were used to transfer liquid solutions into the burette.
c. Personal Protective Equipment
d. Experimental Procedure
1. Standardization of NaOH
1L deionized water in an Erlenmeyer flask and 1.99 grams of NaOH
was diluted in the prepared deionized water. 0.6666 grams of analytical
grade KHP was weighed and diluted in 25mL to 50 mL of deionized water
in a 250 mL Erlenmeyer flask. About 2 to 3 drops of phenolphthalein
color indicator was added in KHP solution. Initially, 50mL of NaOH was
transferred in the burette. Record the volume of NaOH used until a very
pale pink solution is achieved.
2. Determination of Acidity
10 mL of acetic acid (vinegar) was diluted in 90 mL of deionized water
yielding a 100 mL solution or a solution ten folds of the amount of solute with
a ratio of 1:9 in a 250mL Erlenmeyer flask. 50mL of NaOH was initially
transferred in the burette. Add about 2 to 3 drops of phenolphthalein color
indicator in Acetic acid solution.
3. Calculation
Calculate the standardized value of NaOH, total acidity percentage by
mass of acetic acid and the amount in moles of KHP used in standardization
for each trial.
Table 1. Shows the initial volume of NaOH, its final volume and the total volume of the
solution used for standardization.
Table 2. Shows the initial volume of NaOH, its final volume and the total volume of the
solution used for determining the total acidity of acetic acid in vinegar..
Initial Final
mL mL Deionized Total mL of
Trial no. volume of Volume of
CH3COOH water NaOH used
NaOH NaOH
1 10 mL 90 mL 60 mL 7.5 mL 57.5 mL
1. Standardization
In acquiring the quantitative acid content of acetic acid, classical
titration method started with the standardization to determine the
concentration and the used volume of the titrant through trials.
Summary
The standardization of potassium hydrogen phthalate and determination of the
total acidity of acetic acid in vinegar was successfully executed where no back titrations
were needed and a very pale pink titrated solutions were perfectly accomplished. And the
standardized value and acidity percentage by mass was calculated and shown accordingly
in the Results and Discussion section of this report. There were measurement errors
wherein the exact weight of reagents cannot be achieved depending on the analytical
balance available in the laboratory, though this could be adjusted.
In titrating, loads of patience is needed. Never rush into pouring sodium
hydroxide into titrate or you might perform back-titration to remove any excess. Take it
easy and have fun while learning.
Acknowledgements
Taxpayers and citizens deserve more than our thanks for giving us the opportunity
to attend in such a respected university and making us proud Iskolar ng Bayan.
Lastly, we express our deepest gratitude to our parents for helping us prepare
ourselves before coming to the university and for their endless encouragement.
References
Azhari, E., & Azhari, E. (n.d.). Lab report DETERMINATION OF
CONCENTRATION OF ACETIC ACID IN VINEGAR. Retrieved from
https://www.academia.edu/35168525/Lab_report_DETERMINATION_OF_CON
CENTRATION_OF_ACETIC_ACID_IN_VINEGAR
Additional sources:
PUP Chemistry Laboratory Manual
Appendix
Calculations
Trial 1
𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 KHP 0.6663𝑔 KHP
𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 KHP = = 𝑔 = 0.003262 𝑚𝑜𝑙 KHP
𝑀𝑊 KHP 204.22 KHP
𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 KHP 0.003262 𝑚𝑜𝑙 KHP
𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 KHP = = = 0.13048 𝑀 KHP
𝐿 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑛 KHP 0.025 𝐿 KHP
Trial 2
________________________________
Gonzales, Audrey John P.
BS Biology 1-4
________________________________
Torres, Arren D.
BS Biology 1-4
________________________________
Reonal, Tricia Nicole R.
BS Biology 1-4
________________________________
Tina, Dessiree M.
BS Biology 1-4