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Network topology is the arrangement of the elements (links, nodes, etc.) of a communication network.
Network topology can be used to define or describe the arrangement of various types of
telecommunication networks, including command and control radio networks, and computer networks.
Network topology is the topological structure of a network and may be depicted physically or logically. It
is an application of graph theory wherein communicating devices are modeled as nodes and the
connections between the devices are modeled as links or lines between the nodes. Physical topology is
the placement of the various components of a network (e.g., device location and cable installation),
while logical topology illustrates how data flows within a network.
1. Bus Topology
Bus topology is a network type in which every computer and network device is connected to single
cable. It transmits the data from one end to another in single direction. No bi-directional feature is in
bus topology.
A Bus Topology
There are two techniques to transmit data over the Mesh Topology :
(i) Routing
(ii) Flooding
In routing, the nodes have a routing logic, as per the network requirements. Like routing logic to direct
the data to reach the destination using the shortest distance. Or, routing logic which has information
about the broken links, and it avoids those nodes etc. We can even have routing logic, to re-configure
the failed nodes.
In flooding, the same data is transmitted to all the network nodes, hence no routing logic is required.
The network is robust, and the its very unlikely to lose the data. But it leads to unwanted load over the
network.
A Mesh Topology
3. Ring Topology
In this topology, it forms a ring that connects the devices with its exactly two neighboring devices.
A Ring Topology
4. Star Topology
In star topology, all the devices are connected to a single hub through a cable. This hub is the central
node and all others nodes are connected to the central node. The hub can be passive in nature i.e. not
intelligent hub such as broadcasting devices, at the same time the hub can be intelligent known as active
hubs. Active hubs have repeaters in them
A Star Topology
5. Hybrid Topology
This topology is a collection of two or more topologies which are described above. This is a scalable
topology which can be expanded easily. It is reliable one but at the same it is a costly topology.
Advantages of Hybrid Topology
Reliable as Error detecting and trouble shooting is easy.
Effective.
Scalable as size can be increased easily.
Flexible.