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Faculty Advisor:Mr.M.K.Naidu
Mr.M.Anil Prakash
Rim diameter:
The rim or wheel on which the tyre is
mounted is measured in inches.
WW: white wall tyre
TT: tube type tyre
TL: Tubeless tyre
Aspect ratio:
MC: Motorcycle tyre
You use the aspect ratio to indicate a tyre’s
cross-sectional profile. A smaller number Speed and construction
means a lower profile, and the height to
width ratio is shown as percent. For example As with four-wheeled vehicles, tyres for
if the aspect ratio is 90, that means that your motorcycle have a tyre code, which
tyre's cross-sectional height is 90% of its describes a tyre's width, height/width aspect
width. ratio, wheel diameter, load index and speed
rating. The most common are:
3 digit number: The "nominal section
width" of the tyre in millimetres; the
widest point from both outer edges.
/: Slash character for character
separation.
2 or 3 digit number: The "aspect
ratio" of the sidewall height to the
total width of the tyre, as a
percentage.
An optional letter indicating
construction of the fabric carcass of
Speed rating: the tyre:
B: bias belt (where the H= Speed rating
sidewalls are the same
19= Rim diameter
material as the tread, leading
to a rigid ride)
D: diagonal
R: radial
Example of low profile inch:
4.25/85H-18”
If omitted, then it is a cross ply tyre
Series size system= 85% aspect ratio
2 digit number: Diameter in inches
of the wheel that the tyre is designed Tread pattern, construction and
to fit. types
When it comes to bike tyres, the right tread
is a very important decision. After all, this is
Numbering systems used in the part of the tyre that is in constant contact
motorcycle tyre sizing with the road surface. Subsequently, the
various features and choice of tread can
Example of Metric: 180/55ZR-17” greatly alter both the properties of the
180= Width (milli meters) specific tyre, as well as how the car handles
as a result
55= Aspect ratio (cross section height is
55% of width)
Z= Speed rating The right choice of bike tyre tread,
R= Radial construction for instance, can help:
17= Diameter (inches) Improves the amount of traction
Improves the bike ability to steer
Influences the durability of the tyre
Example of Alpha: MT90S-16” itself
Example of standard inch: 3.25H- In this report, we will go over the various
19 factors and design features that help that
feature in treads tyres use for a number of
3.25= Width
reasons. By identifying these features, you
can understand how a given tyre is designed Similarly, the relationship between these
to improve specific parameters. void areas and the lug area influences the
overall contact patch of a tyre. A larger
Tyre Tread Features number of voids, for instance, can diminish
Sipes: These are the narrow voids and a tyre’s grip on dry surfaces, yet offers better
performance on wet surfaces. As a result, the
passageways on the tyre lugs, usually around
number of voids depends on the tyre’s
0.3 - 1.5 mm thing. Their main purpose is to
purpose, as specific wet or ‘rain tyres’ may
improve the tyre’s traction on wet surfaces,
feature more tread voids
as well as snow, channeling water away
from underneath the tyre. This helps build
resistance to aquaplaning.
Uses:
Such tyres are generally designed for dirt
roads, so may often be found in 4x4 tyres
Uses: and other designs. Similarly, they can often
These tyres are generally designed for use be found on the rear wheels of trucks and
on hard road surfaces, such as tarmac and buses, as well as on all-terrain and other
concrete. They are often fitted to the wheels specialised vehicles.
of trucks or buses responsible for direction, Mixed, rib-lug shape.
depending on if the vehicle uses a front
wheel steering system or rear wheel steering A mixed shape pattern is, as the name
system, naturally. suggests, a combination of the two previous
shapes. It can feature varying combinations
Lug shape: of S-shaped voids along the axis, as well as
This pattern refers to a series of grooves perpendicular grooves
which are perpendicular to the tyre’s
circumference.
A block shape pattern refers to designs with
independent blocks along the tread,
separated by a series of interconnected
grooves.
Positive points:
Good steering and stability on both
wet and snow-covered roads
Good water dispersal properties
thanks to the numerous grooves
Negative points:
Low durability, depending on the size of the
tread blocks
Positive points:
Uses:
The central rib provides good
directional control The main benefit to these tyres is there
The shoulder lugs offer good braking ability to perform well on snow. This makes
& driving power them highly useful as winter tyres, as well as
all-season tyres for passenger bikes.
Negative points:
The mixed shape offers a more balanced
performance, so it is not as good in key Asymmetric shape:
areas as more specialised designs, such as An asymmetric tyre tread is very common in
pure rib or lug patterns many commercial tyres and refers to tread
Uses: patterns that differ on each side. Typically,
bigger blocks are used on the outer side,
These tyres are good for both paved and dirt while the internal blocks are smaller, while a
roads and can be found on a variety of trucks series of grooves help disperse water
and buses. outwards.
Block shape:
Positive points:
Positive points: Very good traction and braking
Good for high speed cornering Good water dispersal for stability on
thanks to the big contact area wet roads
Reduced tread wear on the outside of A good choice for fast driving styles
the tyre
Negative points:
Improved stability when turning,
thanks to the bigger blocks Due to their directional nature, these tyres
need to be installed with the correct
Negative points: orientation.
Need to be positioned correctly, due to the
Use:
different sides
Directional tyres have plenty of uses and are
Uses: most commonly found in high speed
These tyres offer great performance even at passenger vehicles
high speeds, making them suitable for .As you can see, there is a clearly a lot of
sporting vehicles and more aggressive work that goes into designing a great tyre
driving styles. Naturally, they are commonly and the details in the tread certainly amount
used as motorsport tyres. for a lot. If you know how each factor
Directional pattern. contributes to the products effectiveness,
you can readily identify what conditions a
Directional tyre treads are also another very tyre is designed for.
common tyre design and involve a series of
lateral grooves positioned at the same angle Tyres used
on both sides of the tyre. This creates a
Front tyre
‘direction’ of sorts as all grooves point
forward. RALCO BLASTER F 90/90-19 Tubeless
Bike Tyre, Front
Traditionally, motorcycles used are wire
spooked wheels with inner tubes and
pneumatic tyres. Now a days cast wheels
were using. Cast wheels are predominantly
made from an aluminium alloy, but can also
be made from more exotic materials, such as
magnesium content alloy or carbon wire.
Advantages
The advantages of the cast wheels versus
spooked are several, and include the use of
tubeless tyres for higher speed and better
retention of inflation; better run out
tolerance and the elimination of spoke
Rear tyre maintenance; better rigidity and thus better
RALCO SPEED BLASTER 120/80-18 handling; weight reduction due to small hub
Tubeless Bike Tyre, Rear size; and better handling of side loads for
motorcycles with sidecar rings.