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Definition of Hypothesis
Purpose of Hypothesis
4. They outline your thoughts on your manner of summarizing the results and of
explaining the conclusions.
5. They push for an empirical study to prove the existence of relationship of variables and the
effects of independent variable on the dependent variable.
In an experimental research that takes place in a scientific method, one of your initial acts is
formulating these two: research question and hypotheses. Both are related to your research but they are
not exactly the same. Their difference lies in the amount of stock knowledge you have about to focus of
your study. If you know much about the variables or have a lot of knowledge about other factual
formulate hypotheses. Otherwise, from research question. At any rate, the purpose of thesr two forms
of iferential thinking is to purposr possible or probable answers or solutions to the research problem
focused on by the study. The result of your research or invesstigation prove whether the hypothesis are
correct, incorrecy, or partially correct. (Schreiber 2012)
Categories of Hypotheses
There are two categories of hypotheses: null hypotheses and alternative hypotheses. A null
hypotheses symbolized by Ho, which state the absence of relationship between the independent and
dependent variables. It is therefore a statement to disapprove the fact that the independent variable
(treatment, intervention, or condition) has an effect on the dependent variable. The opposite of null
hypothesis is the alternative hypothesis. Symbolized by Hi, the alternative hypothesis states the
relationship between the independent and the dependent variables and the fact that the first affects the
second one. (Morgan 2014; Thomas 2013)
Types of Hypotheses
Choosing which type of hypothesis to be depends sole on you, the researcher. It does not mean,
however that choosing one of the following types of hypotheses make you come out with the best
hypothesis because no type of hypothesis is superior to any hypothesis. (Badke 2012; Morgan 2014)
A hypothesis that is based on existing theory to explain the relationship of variables and the effects of
the one variable on the other variables is theory-driven. But if it is based on the findings of previous
research studies, it is a data-driven hypothesis.
Directional hypotheses state the relationship of two variables as well as of the relationship of these
variables. Non-directional hypotheses, on the other hand, state the relationship of variables but not on
the direction of the relationship.
A statement specifying the relationship between two variables due to the influence of something is a
descriptive hypothesis; due to cause-effect relationship, it is a causal hypothesis. True experimental or
quasi-experimental research such as a correlation study uses causal hypotheses; non-experimental
research uses descriptive hypotheses.
The craft in hypotheses formulation requires you think of the following pointers (Mc Bride 2013;
Lapan 2012):
2. Support your hypotheses with ideas based on theories, known facts, previous studies,
Or your own experience and wisdom.
3. Establish a logical relationship between the hypotheses and the research problem.
4. Have your hypotheses predict the nature of relationship between or among variables.
5. Ascertain the possibility of having some means of testing, analyzing, and investigating
Hypotheses.
6. Avoid wordiness by using clear, exact, or specific language in stating the hypotheses.
Concept Explanation
Directions: WHOLE CLASS ACTIVITY. Take turns in asking questions about the text on
Interpreting, criticizing, applying, and creating) will merit higher recitation grade.
Activity 2
Your answer.
Concept Elaboration
Activity 1
Directions: INDIVIDUAL WORK. Complete this bubble graph with the right words
Categories
of
Nature of
Hypothesis
Relationshi
p
Varieties of Source of
Hypotheses Hypothesis
Course of
Relationship
Activity 2
Directions: Check the right column to indicate your judgement of the quality of the given hypotheses.
ACTIVITY 3
Directions: Write Ho on the line if the statement is a null hypothesis on the given research problem; Hi,
if it is an alternative hypotheses; and X if it is not a hypotheses.
Quantitative Research Problem: In what order should the 18 senatorial candidates be ranked on the
basis of their experience on legal management?
_____________4. The lone lawyer among the candidates will be ranked one.
_____________5. The only lawyer in the group will not be number one in the rank.
Concept-Learning Assessment
Check the column that speaks of the extent of learning you have had about hypotheses.