Contents

TOURISM MANAGEMENT

CONTENTS

1. PROJECT PROFILE 01-06

1.1 Project Profile 04
1.2 Project Preface 05
2. ABSTRACT 07
3. TOOLS AND TECHNOLOGY 08-18
3.1. Microsoft .NET Framework
3.2. Features Of Common Language Runtime
3.3. .Net Framework Class Library
3.4. ActiveX Data Objects .Net
3.5. Data Adapters
4. SRS 19-25
4.1. Requirements Specification
4.2. Functional Requirements
5. DATA FOLW 26-38
5.1. Data Flow Diagrams
6. UML DIAGRAM 39-44
7. E-R DIAGRAM 45-46
8. GANTT CHART 47-48
9. DATABASE DESIGN 49-53
9.1. Table Specification
10. SCREEN SHOTS 54-62
11. SYSTEM TESTING 63-66
11.1. Unit Testing
11.2. System Testing
12. CONCLUSION 67-68
13. BIBLIOGRAPHY 69-70

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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure – 1 : Home Page
Figure – 2 : Registration Page
Figure – 3 : Login Page
Figure – 4 : Admin Home Page
Figure – 5 : Place Management Page
Figure – 6 : Hotel Management Page
Figure – 7 : Vehicle Management Page
Figure – 8 : View Feedback Page
Figure – 9 : User Home Page
Figure – 10 : View Places
Figure- 11 : View Hotels
Figure – 12 : Give Feedback
Figure – 13 : Book Page

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Project Profile

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Project Preface:
Project Title: Odisha Tours and Travels Management.
Project Description: Odisha Tours and Travels Management is a web based project which
describes about an organization whose work is to give information/services to those who
wants to know about Odisha and its culture. By visiting this site one can know the place of
Odisha and their specialty.
Basically, this project is having 2 modules.
1. Admin: Admin is the solo authority of this project and plays a vital role. Its work is to
add information about Odisha. All the details which user will be able to see has to be
kept by the Admin.
2. User: User is another important module of this project. It is that module where all the
registered/layman user can take advantage. Layman user/unregistered user can only
see about Odisha nothing else. In order to see the place details and hotel details one
has to be registered here and in order to do that he/she can fill up a form and after the
successful registration an Username/Password will be provided to him/her. This
Username/Password will be helpful to entry to the modules.
The basic functionalities of the user are:
I. View Places:- Can view all the places.
II. View Hotels:- Can view all the hotels in a particulars place.
III. Give feedback:-Can give feedback to the Admin in order to
comment/complement and can also give suggestion to make the functionalities
better.
IV. Book Vehicle:- can book any no. of vehicles as per his/her need.
V. Change Password: Can change his/her old password.

This project can have extra features but as because this is our minor project, so we have
limited it up to this. In our final submission we will extend this like,
 Solution for Forget Password
 View and Edit Profile
 Something more about Vehicle management
 Apply for deletion of profile
 Validation of all the fields.
SYSTEM CONIFIGURATION

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The hardware and software should be chosen carefully keeping following point in mind-
 The System must be user friendly.
 The System must be able to handle large number of data.
 Processing speed of the system must be fast.
Hardware specification:
 Processor : Core2 Duo
 Speed : 2.2 GHz
 RAM : 512MB GB
 Hard Disk : 160 GB
 Key Board(104 keys) : Standard

Software Specification:
Operating system
Programming specification
Framework/Open Source
Integrated Development
Environment
Web Server
Back End(Database)
Tools
Java Software
Supporting Browsers:
Internet Explorer (7), Mozilla Firefox, Opera.
: Windows XP
: J2EE
: Struts 1.2
: My Eclipse 6.1/ My Eclipse 5.5
: Tomcat 6.0
: Oracle 10g
: JSP, Servlet, HTML, ,CSS
: JDK 1.6.0

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ABSTRACT

Now in the changing environment everybody wants speed and perfection, which
cannot be possible without a computerization system, this is the age of information and
technology. This computerization is going to change the traditional face of all the business
organization and non-business organization. Most of the organization now uses computer
system; we have also determined to computerize the Tours & Travel Management.

About The Tours & Travel Management

Tours & Travel Management is an Online Application which is used to store all the
datas related to travel agency & all the information regarding the details of all the vehicles.
Tours & Travel Management System, also offers Online Booking of Tickets to its Customers
such as Car,Bus& Flight Booking. In this System, all the details & updates about the vehicle
is maintained by the Administrator of the Software which can be viewed by the Customers
while Booking a Vehicle.

A Customer has to be registered for booking a vehicle under this management. Its
Provides a lots of Facilities to the Customers & a Customer Can book a vehicle at any instant
& any time globally. Hence, the management wants to use a computerized system that will
take care of Tours & Travel Management and provide information that can be used later to
take strategic decisions. This system should be globally accessible and should be able to
integrate with other system in the organization. In addition, all the data stored in this system
should be secured.

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Tools
&
Technology

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WHY JAVA IS USED?

JAVA
The initial release of Java was nothing of revolutionary, but it did not mark the end of java’s
era of rapid innovation. Unlike most other software systems that usually settle into a pattern
of small, increment improvements, java had already created java1.1 were more significant
and substantial than the increase 1 the minor revision number would have you think. Java1.1
added many new library elements, redefined the way events are handled by applets, and
reconfigured many features of the 1.0 library .It also deprecated several features originally
defined by java1.0. Thus java1.1 both added and subtracted attributes from its original
specification. Continuing in this evolution, java2 also and subtracts features.
Features added by 1.1
Version1.1 added some important elements to Java. Most of the addition occurred in the Java
library. However, a few new language features were also included. Here is a list of the
important features added by 1.1:

 Java Beans, which are software components that are written in Java.
 Serialization, which allows you to save and restore the state of an object.
 Remote Method Invocation, which allows a Java, objects to invoke the methods of
another Java object that located on a different machine. This is an important facility for
building distributed applications.
 Java Database Connectivity (JDBC), which allows programs to access SQL, databases
from many different vendors.
 The Java Native Interface (JNI), which provides a new way for your programs to
interface with code libraries written in other languages.
 Reflection, which is a process of determining the fields, constructors and methods of a
java object at run time.
 Various security features, such as digital signatures, messages digests, and access control
lists and key generation.
 Built in support for 16-bit character streams that handle Unicode characters.
 Significant changes to event handling that improve the way in which events generated by
graphical user interface (GUI) components are handled.
 Inner classes, which allow one class to be defined within another.

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Deprecated by Features 1.1

As just mentioned java 1.1 depreciated many earlier library elements. For example, most of
the original Date class was deprecated. However, the deprecated features did not go away.
Instead, they were replaced with updated alternatives. In general, deprecated 1.0 feature is
still available in java to support legacy code, but they should not be used by new applications.

Features added by java 2.0

Building upon 1.1, java 2.0 adds many important new features. Here is a partial list.
 Swing is a set of user interface components that is implemented entirely in java You can
use a look and feel that is either specific to a particular operating system or uniform
across operating systems. You can also design your own look and feel.
 Collections are group of objects. Java 2.0 provides several types of collection, such as
linked lists, dynamic arrays and hash tables for use. Collections offer a new way to solve
several common-programming problems.
 Digital certificates provide mechanism to establish the identity of a user. You may think
of them as electronic passports. Java programs can parse and use certificates to enforce
security policies.
 Text components can now receive Japanese, Chinese and Korean characters from
keyboard. Using a sequence of keystrokes to represent one character does this.
 The Common Object request Broker Architecture (CORBA) defines an Object request
Broker (ORB) and an Interface Definition Language (IDL). Java 2.0 includes an ORB
and an IDL to java compiler. The latter generates code from an IDL specification.
 Performance improvements have been made in several areas. A Just-In-Time (JIT)
compiler is included in JDK.
 Many browsers include a Java Virtual Machine that is used to execute applets.
Unfortunately, browsers JVM’s typically do not include the latest java features. The java
Plug-in solves this problem. It directs a browser’s JVM .The JRE is a subset of the JDK.
It does not include the tools and classes that are used in a development environment.
Various tools such as Javac, Java and Javadoc have been enhanced. Debugger and Profiler
interfaces for the JVM arte available.

Features Deprecated by 2

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Although not as extensive as the deprecations experienced between 1.0 and 1.1 some features
of java 1.1 are deprecated by java 2.0. For example, the suspend (), resume () and stop ()
methods of the Thread class should not be used in new code.

Java’s Magic: The Byte Code:

The key that allows java to solve both the security and the portability problems just described
is that the output of the java compiler is not an executable code. Rather, it is Byte Code. Byte
Code is a highly optimized set of instructions designed to be executed by virtual machine that
the java Run-time system emulates. This may come as it of surprise as you know c++ is
compiled, not interpreted-mostly because of performance concerns. However, the fact that a
java program is interpreted helps solve the major problems associated with downloading the
program over the Internet.

Here is why java was designed to be interpreted language. Because java programs are
interpreted rather than compiled .It is easier to run them in wide variety of environments.
Only the java runtime system needs to be implemented for each platform. Once the runtime
package exists for a given system any java program can run on it. If java were a compiled
langu8age then different versions of the same program will have to exist for each type of
CPU connected to the Internet. Thus interpretation is the easiest way to create truly portable
programs.Although java was designed to be interpreted, there is technically nothing about
java that prevents on the fly compilation of Byte Code into native code. However, even if
dynamic compilation were applied to Byte Code, the portability and safety would still apply,
because the run time system would still be in change of the execution environment.

The Java Buzz Words

No discussion of the genesis of java is complete without a look at the java buzzwords.
Although the fundamentals that necessitated the invention of java are portability and security,
there are other factors that played an important role on molding the final form of the
language. The java in the following list of buzzwords summed up the key considerations.
 Simple
 Portable
 Object-oriented
 Robust

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 Multithreaded
 Architectural-neutral
 High performance
 Distributed
 Dynamic

OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING AND JAVA

Object-oriented Programming was developed because of limitations found in earlier
approaches of programming. To appreciate what OOP does, we need to understand what
these limitations are and how they arose from traditional programming.

PROCEDURAL LANGUAGES
Pascal, C, Basic, FORTRAN, and similar languages are procedural languages. That is, each
statement in the language tells the computer to do something: Get some input, add these
numbers, divide by 6, and display the output. A program in a procedural language is a list of
instructions. For very small programs no other organizing principle (often called a paradigm)
is needed. The programmer creates the list of instructions, and the computer carries them out.

Division into Functions

When programs become larger, a single list of instructions becomes unwieldy. Few
programmers can comprehend a program of more than a few hundred statements unless it is
broken down into smaller units. For this reason the function was adopted as a way to make
programs more comprehensible to their human creators. (The term functions are used in C++
and C. In other languages the same concept may be referred to as a subroutine, a
subprogram, or a procedure.) A program is divided into functions, and (ideally, at least) each
function has a clearly defined purpose and a clearly defined interface to the other functions in
the program. The idea of breaking a program into functions can be further extended by
grouping a number of functions together into a larger entity called a module, but the principle
is similar: grouping a number of components that carry out specific tasks.
Dividing a program into functions and modules is one of the cornerstones of structured
programming, the somewhat loosely defined discipline that has influenced programming
organization for more than a decade.

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Problems with Structured Programming

As programs grow ever larger and more complex, even the structured programming
approach begins to show signs of strain. You may have heard about, or been involved in,
horror stories of program development. The project is too complex, the schedule slips, more
programmers are added, complexity increases, costs skyrocket, the schedule slips further, and
disaster ensues. Analyzing the reasons for these failures reveals that there are weaknesses in
the procedural paradigm itself. No matter how well the structured programming approach is
implemented, large programs become excessively complex. What are the reasons for this
failure of procedural languages? One of

Relationship to the Real World

Procedural programs are often difficult to design. The problem is that their chief
components--functions and data structures--don't model the real world very well. For
example, suppose you are writing a program to create the elements of a graphics user
interface: menus, windows, and so on. Quick now, what functions will you need? What data
structures? The answers are not obvious, to say the least. It would be better if windows and
menus corresponded more closely to actual program elements.

New Data Types

There are other problems with traditional languages. One is the difficulty of creating new
data types. Computer languages typically have several built-in data types: integers, floating-
point numbers, characters, and so on. What if you want to invent your own data type?
Perhaps you want to work with complex numbers, or two-dimensional coordinates, or dates
—quantities the built-in data types don’t handle easily. Being able to create your own types
is called extensibility; you can extend the capabilities of the language. Traditional languages
are not usually extensible. Without unnatural convolutions, you can’t bundle together both X
and Y coordinates into a single variable called Point, and then add and subtract values of this
type. The result is that traditional programs are more complex to write and maintain.
The object oriented approach
The fundamental idea behind object-oriented languages is to combine into a single unit both
data and the functions that operate on that data. Such a unit is called an object. An object’s
functions, called member methods in Java, typically provide the only way to access its data.

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If you want to read the item and return the value to you, you call a member function in the
object. It will read the item and return the value to you. You can’t access the data directly.
The data is hidden, so it is safe from accidental modification. Data and its functions are said
to be encapsulated into a single entity. Data encapsulation and data hiding are key terms in
the description of object oriented languages. If you want to modify the data in an object, you
know exactly what functions interact with it: the member functions in the object. No other
functions can access the data. This simplifies writing, debugging, and maintaining the
program.

A Java program typically consists of a number of objects, which communicate with each
other by calling one another’s members functions. We should mention that what are called
member functions in C++ are called methods in Java. Also, data items are referred to as
instance variables. Calling an object’s member function is referred to as sending a message
to the object.

An analogy
You might want to think of objects as departments—such as sales, accounting, personnel, and
so on—in a company. Departments provide an important approach to corporate organization.
In most companies (except very small ones), people don’t work on personnel problems one
day, the payroll the next, and then go out in the field as sales people the week after. Each
department has its own personnel, with clearly assigned duties. It also has its own data:
payroll, sales figures, personnel records, inventory, or whatever, depending on the
department. The people in each department control and operate on those departments data.
Dividing the company into departments makes its easier to comprehend and control the
company’s activities, and helps them maintain the integrity of the information used by the
company. The payroll department, for instance, is responsible for the payroll data. If you
are from the sales department, and you need to know the total of all the salaries paid in the
southern region in July, you don’t just walk into the payroll department and start rummaging
through file cabinets. You send a memo to the appropriate person in the department, and then
you wait for that person to access the appropriate person in the department, and then you wait
for that person to access the data and send you a reply with the information you want. This
ensures that the data is accessed accurately and that inept outsiders do not corrupt it. (This
view of corporate organization is show in figure). In the same way, objects provide an

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approach to program organization, while helping to maintain the integrity of the programs
data.
OOP: An approach to organization
Keep in mind that object-oriented programming is not primarily concerned with the details of
program operation. Instead, it deals with the overall organization of the program.

Characteristics of object-oriented languages:

Let’s briefly examine a few of the major elements of object-oriented languages in general and
Java in particular.

Objects
When you approach a programming problem in an object oriented language, you no longer
ask how the problem will be divided into functions, but how it will be divided into objects.
Thinking in terms of objects, rather than functions, has a surprisingly helpful effect on how
easily programs can be designed and objects in the real world.

STRUTS
Struts is an open source framework used for developing J2EE web applications using
Model View Controller (MVC) design pattern. It uses and extends the Java Servlet API to
encourage developers to adopt MVC architecture. Struts framework provides three key
components:
1. A request handler provided by the application developer that is used to map to a
particular URI.
2. A response handler, which is used to transfer the control to another resource, which
will be responsible for completing the response.
3. A tag library, which helps developers to create the interactive form, based applications
with server pages.
Struts provides the basic infrastructure for implementing MVC allowing the
developers to concentrate on the business logic.

Architecture of Struts:

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Fig-3 Struts Architecture

Process flow:
Web.xml : Whenever the container gets start up the first work it does is to check the web.xml
file and determine what struts action Servlets exist. The container is responsible for mapping
all the file request to the correct action Servlet.

A Request : This is the second step performed by the container after checking the web.xml
file. In this the user submits a form within a browser and the request is intercepted by the
controller.

The Controller : This is the heart of the container. Most Struts application will have only one
controller that is ActionServlet which is responsible for directing several Actions. The
controller determines what action is required and sends the information to be processed by an
action Bean. The key advantage of having a controller is its ability to control the flow of logic
through the highly controlled, centralized points.

Struts-config.xml : Struts has a configuration file to store mappings of actions. By using this
file there is no need to hard code the module which will be called within a component. The
one more responsibility of the controller is to check the struts.config.xml file to determine

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which module to be called upon an action request. Struts only reads the struts.config.xml file
upon start up.

Model: The model is basically a business logic part, which takes the response from the user
and stores the result for the duration of the process. This is a great place to perform the
preprocessing of the data received from request. It is possible to reuse the same model for
many page requests. Struts provide the ActionForm and the Action classes, which can be
extended to create the model objects.

View: The view in struts framework is mainly a jsp page, which is responsible for producing
the output to the user. Through the view Layer the user will interact with the System.

Struts tag libraries: These are struts components helps us to integrate the struts framework
within the project's logic. These struts tag libraries are used within the JSP page. This means
that the controller and the model part can't make use of the tag library but instead use the
struts class library for strut process control.

Property file: It is used to store the messages that an object or page can use. Properties files
can be used to store the titles and other string data. We can create many property files to
handle different languages. Business objects: It is the place where the rules of the actual
project exist. These are the modules that just regulate the day- to- day site activities.

The Response: This is the output of the View JSP object.

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ORACLE 10g
In every S/W, database plays a vital role for storing the data’s because everybody knows that
without database an S/W is incomplete too. So it is bound to be used a database in every steps
in making a S/W. In our project i.e. Human Resource Management System (HRMS) the
Database that is used is Oracle10g.
Every record in the table has to be uniquely identified because in a relation all
records are unordered which means that they cannot be identified with record number or
position within the table.

There are some database terminologies are used they are as follows:
 Tables
 Records
 Fields
 Primary key
 Foreign key
 Master table

Description:--
Table: - A database contains data, which are stored and arranged in tables. Tables are known
as relations. Here datas are arranged in row wise or column wise.

Records:- A table contains data arranged in rows every row is a separate record.

Fields: - The data in every row or record consists of several columns. These columns
are called fields(while designing the database fields are reffered as properties or attributes).

Primary key:- This is the field which contains the data that will uniquely defines each
record.the primary key values canot be repeated across the table.they canot be the blank.

Foreign key:- This is the field which contains the data that exists in the primary key field of
the master table.any value inside the foreign key field must be taken from the corresponding
primary key.

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SRS

REQUIREMENT SPECIFICATION:

The software, which is designed for give the better services for the college
administration and the user. The college administration need all the information regarding
alumni registration, profile entry by admin,upload any type of photo of college in
photogalary,facility to know the request contacts ,need all the CMS base facilities.

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Purpose: The main purpose for preparing this document is to give a general insight into the
analysis and requirements of the existing system or situation and for determining the
operating characteristics of the system.

Scope: This Document plays a vital role in the development life cycle (SDLC)
As it describes the complete requirement of the system. It is meant for use by the developers
and will be the basic during testing phase. Any changes made to the requirements in the
future will have to go through formal change approval process.
Developers Responsibilities Overview:
The developer is responsible for:
1) Developing the system, which meets the SRS and solving all the requirements of the
system?
2) Demonstrating the system and installing the system at client's location after the
acceptance testing is successful.
3) Submitting the required user manual describing the system interfaces to work on it
and also the documents of the system.
4) Conducting any user training that might be needed for using the system.
5) Maintaining the system for a period of one year after installation.

Functional Requirements:
OUTPUT DESIGN

Outputs from computer systems are required primarily to communicate the

users, students. The various types of outputs in general are:

 . External Outputs, whose destination is outside the organization

 . Internal Outputs whose destination is with in organization and they are the
 User’s main interface with the computer.
 . Operational outputs whose use is purely with in the computer department.
 . Interface outputs, which involve the user in communicating directly with
Administrator.

Output Definition

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The outputs should be defined in terms of the following points:

. Type of the output
. Content of the output
. Format of the output
. Location of the output
. Frequency of the output
. Volume of the output
. Sequence of the output

It is not always desirable to print or display data as it is held on a computer. It should be

decided as which form of the output is the most suitable.

For Example
Will valid email address need to be inserted?

Output Media:
In the next stage it is to be decided that which medium is the most appropriate for the output.
The main considerations when deciding about the output media are:

a. The suitability for the device to the particular application.

b. The need for a hard copy.
c. .The response time required.
d. The location of the users.
e. The software and hardware available &The cost.
Keeping in view the above description the project is to have outputs mainly coming under the
category of internal outputs. The main outputs desired according to the requirement
specification are:

The outputs were needed to be generated as a hot copy and as well as queries to be viewed on
the screen. Keeping in view these outputs, the format for the output is taken from the
outputs, which are currently being obtained after manual processing. The standard printer is
to be used as output media for hard copies.

INPUT DESIGN
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Input design is a part of overall system design. The main objectives during the input design
are as given below:
 To produce a cost-effective method of input.
 To achieve the highest possible level of accuracy.
 To ensure that the input is acceptable and understood by the user.

INPUT STAGES:
The main input stages can be listed as below:
 Data recording
 Data transcription
 Data conversion
 Data verification
 Data control
 Data transmission
 Data validation
 Data correction

INPUT TYPES

It is necessary to determine the various types of inputs. Inputs can be categorized as

follows:

 External inputs, which are prime inputs for the system.

 Internal inputs, which are user communications with the system.
 Operational, which are computer department’s communications to the system?
 Interactive, which are inputs entered during a dialogue.

INPUT MEDIA:
At this stage choice has to be made about the input media. To conclude about the input
media consideration has to be given to;
 Type of input

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 Flexibility of format
 Speed
 Accuracy
 Verification methods
 Rejection rates
 Ease of correction
 Storage and handling requirements
 Security
 Easy to use
 Portability

ERROR AVOIDANCE
At this stage care is to be taken to ensure that input data remains accurate form the
stage at which it is recorded up to the stage in which the data is accepted by the system. This
can be achieved only by means of careful control each time the data is handled.Occur, these
types of errors can be discovered by using validations to check the input data.

DATA VALIDATION
Procedures are designed to detect errors in data at a lower level of detail. Data
validations have been included in the system in almost every area where there is a possibility
for the user to commit errors. The system will not accept invalid data. Whenever an invalid
data is keyed in, the system immediately provide a reports in the user sections and the user
has to again key in the data and the system will accept the data only if the data is correct.
Validations have been included where necessary.

The system is designed to be a user friendly one. In other words the system has been
designed to communicate effectively with the user. The system has been designed with
popup menus.

USERINTERGFACE DESIGN

It is essential to consult the system users and discuss their needs while designing the user
interface:
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USER INTERFACE SYSTEMS CAN BE BROADLY CLASIFIED AS:

1. User initiated interface the user is in charge, controlling the progress of the
user/computer dialogue. In the computer-initiated interface, the computer selects
the next stage in the interaction.
2. Computer initiated interfaces

In the computer initiated interfaces the computer guides the progress of the user/computer
dialogue. Information is displayed and the user response of the computer takes action or
displays further information.

USER_INITIATED INTERGFACES
User initiated interfaces fall into two approximate classes:
Command driven interfaces: In this type of interface the user inputs commands or queries
which are interpreted by the computer.
Forms oriented interface: The user calls up an image of the form to his/her screen and fills in
theform. The forms oriented interface is chosen because it is the best choice.

COMPUTER-INITIATED INTERFACES
Right from the start the system is going to be menu driven, the opening menu displays the
available options. Choosing one option gives another popup menu with more options. In this
way every option leads the users to data entry form where the user can key in the data.
ERROR MESSAGE DESIGN:

The design of error messages is an important part of the user interface design. As user is
bound to commit some errors or other while designing a system the system should be
designed to be helpful by providing the user with information regarding the error he/she has
committed.

This application must be able to produce output at different modules for different inputs.

Performance Requirements:

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Performance is measured in terms of reports generated weekly and monthly.

Requirement specification plays an important part in the analysis of a system. Only when the
requirement specifications are properly given, it is possible to design a system, which will fit
into required environment. It rests largely in the part of the users of the existing system to
give the requirement specifications because they are the people who finally use the system.
This is because the requirements have to be known during the initial stages so that the system
can be designed according to those requirements. It is very difficult to change the system
once it has been designed and on the other hand designing a system, which does not cater to
the requirements of the user, is of no use.

The requirement specification for any system can be broadly stated as given below:

 The system should be able to interface with the existing system

 The system should be accurate
 The system should be better than the existing system

The existing system is completely dependent on the staff to perform all the duties.

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Data Flow
Diagram

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DATA FLOW DIAGRAM:

A data flow diagram is graphical tool used to describe and analyze movement of data through
a system. These are the central tool and the basis from which the other components are
developed. The transformation of data from input to output, through processed, may be
described logically and independently of physical components associated with the system.
These are known as the logical data flow diagrams. The physical data flow diagrams show
the actual implements and movement of data between people, departments and workstations.
A full description of a system actually consists of a set of data flow diagrams. Using two
familiar notations Yourdon, Gane and Sarson notation develops the data flow diagrams. Each
component in a DFD is labeled with a descriptive name. Process is further identified with a
number that will be used for identification purpose. The development of DFD’s is done in
several levels. Each process in lower level diagrams can be broken down into a more
detailed DFD in the next level. The lop-level diagram is often called context diagram. It
consists a single process bit, which plays vital role in studying the current system. The
process in the context level diagram is exploded into other process at the first level DFD.
The idea behind the explosion of a process into more process is that understanding at one
level of detail is exploded into greater detail at the next level. This is done until further
explosion is necessary and an adequate amount of detail is described for analyst to understand
the process.

Larry Constantine first developed the DFD as a way of expressing system requirements in a
graphical from, this lead to the modular design.

A DFD is also known as a “bubble Chart” has the purpose of clarifying system requirements
and identifying major transformations that will become programs in system design. So it is
the starting point of the design to the lowest level of detail. A DFD consists of a series of
bubbles joined by data flows in the system.

DFD SYMBOLS:

In the DFD, there are four symbols

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1. A square defines a source(originator) or destination of system data

2. An arrow identifies data flow. It is the pipeline through which the information flows
3. A circle or a bubble represents a process that transforms incoming data flow into outgoing
data flows.
4. An open rectangle is a data store, data at rest or a temporary repository of data

NOTATIONS:

 Data-Flows show the movement of data in a specific direction from the source to the
destination. It represents a packet of data.

Fig:4 Data Flow

 Processes show the operations performed on the data, which transform it from input to
output.

Fig:5 Process

 Sources and Destinations of data are the external sources and destinations of data,
which may be people, programs, organizations or other entities interacting with the
system, but are outside its boundary.

Fig:6 External Entity

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 Data Stores are places where data are stored such as files and tables.

Fig:7 Data Store

 The output symbol is used when a hard copy is produced.

Fig:8 Output

CONSTRUCTING A DFD:
Several rules of thumb are used in drawing DFD’s:

1. Process should be named and numbered for an easy reference. Each name should be
representative of the process.
2. The direction of flow is from top to bottom and from left to right. Data traditionally flow
from source to the destination although they may flow back to the source. One way to
indicate this is to draw long flow line back to a source. An alternative way is to repeat the
source symbol as a destination. Since it is used more than once in the DFD it is marked
with a short diagonal.
3. When a process is exploded into lower level details, they are numbered.
4. The names of data stores and destinations are written in capital letters. Process and
dataflow names have the first letter of each work capitalized

A DFD typically shows the minimum contents of data store. Each data store should contain
all the data elements that flow in and out.

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Questionnaires should contain all the data elements that flow in and out. Missing interfaces
redundancies and like is then accounted for often through interviews.

SAILENT FEATURES OF DFD’s

1. The DFD shows flow of data, not of control loops and decision are controlled
considerations do not appear on a DFD.

2. The DFD does not indicate the time factor involved in any process whether the
dataflows take place daily, weekly, monthly or yearly.
3. The sequence of events is not brought out on the DFD.

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Data Flow Diagrams

DATA FLOW DIAGRAM (ZERO LEVEL)

Input
(0.0) Output

Process

Data Store

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DATA FLOW DIAGRAM

Level 0

(0.0)
INPUT OUTPUT
PROCESS

DATA STORE

LEVEL 1: -

Registration

User Details Process

Registered Successfully

(1.0)

USER_DETAILS

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User name
(1.1)
Password Valid User/Admin
Login

LOGIN

Level 2

Place Management

Valid Admin (2.0) Hotel Management

Admin Process Vehicle Management

Valid Admin Place Add Place

Management
Edit Place
(2.0.0)
Delete Place

(2.0.0.0)
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Place Name Place Added Successfully

PLACE_DETAILS

Place Details Edit Place

Place Name Viewed Edited
Successfully (2.0.0.1)

PLACE_DETAILS PLACE_DETAILS

View Place Deletion

Place name Viewed Details Deleted
(2.0.0.2)

PLACE_DETAILS

Hotel Add Hotel

Management
Valid Admin Edit Hotel
(2.0.1)
Delete Hotel

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Hotel Name (2.0.1.0) Hotel Added Successfully

Hotel Addition

HOTEL_DETAILS

Choose Hotel Edit Hotel edited Updation Edited

Details(2.0.1.1
Successfully
)

HOTEL_DETAILS HOTEL_DETAILS

View Hotel Deletion

Choose Hotel Viewed Details Deleted
(2.0.1.2)

HOTEL_DETAILS

View
Deletion
Valid Admin Feedback Viewed Deleted

(2.0.2)

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FEEDBACK_DETAILS

Vehicle
Valid Admin Management Add Vehicle

(2.0.3)

(2.0.3.0)
Vehicle Details Vehicle Added
Add Vehicle

VEHICLE_DETAILS

(2.1) View Place

Valid User User Process View Hotels

Change Password

Give Feedback

Book Vehicles

View Places
2 View
(2.1.0) Details
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Valid User viewed Viewed

Successfully

PLACE_DETAILS HOTEL_DETAILS

View Hotels
Valid User Viewed Successfully
(2.1.1)

HOTEL_DETAILS

(2.1.2)
Feedback Details Feedback Given
Give Feedback

FEEDBACK_DETAILS

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Change Change
Valid User Old Password Changed
Password(2.1.3) Password
New Password

LOGIN

Booking Details (2.1.4) Booked

Book

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UML
Diagram

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SYSTEM

SYSTEM.WEB.UI.FORMS SYSTEM.WEB.UI.FORMS.CONTROLS SYSTEM.DATA

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SYSTEM.WEB.UI.FORMS

SYSTEM.WEB.UI.FORMS.CONTROLS
Grid View

BUTTON TEXTBOX

Click

Click Click Navigate

Text Text Data member

Visible Name Datasurce

Name Visible Databind

Causes validation Textchanged Template Field

Sender as system.object Sender as system.object

E as system.eventargs E as system.eventargs Sender as system.object

E as system.windows.

Forms.navigateeventargs

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SYSTEM

SYSTEM.WEB.UI.FORMS.FORM
FORM1

Dispose(protected,overloads,overwrites)

InitializeComponent(private)

New(public)

Load(private)

Sender(system object)

e(system.eventargs)

Disposing(boolean)

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2
 SYSTEM.DATA..SQLCLIENT

SYSTEM.DATA.OLEDB Sqlconnection
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Oracleconnection Sqldataadapter
SYSTEM.DATA
Oracleadapter Dataset

Dataset Sqldeletecommand

Oracledeletecommand Sqlupdatecommand

Oracleupdatecommand Sqlinsertcommand

Oracleinsertcommand Sqlselectcommand

Oracleselectcommand

Statechange Statechange

Rowupdated Rowupdated

Disposed Disposed

Fill fill

Sender as object Sender as object

E as system.Data. E as system.data.

StateChangeEventArgs statechangeeventargs

ER Diagram:

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“E-R diagram are used to organize data as a relation, normalizing relations and finally
obtaining a relational database model”.

Elements of an E-R diagram are:

1. ENTITY: This specifies the real life objects & is represented as:

2. RELATIONSHIPS: These connect entities & establish meaningful dependencies between

them and are represented by:

3. ATTRIBUTES: They specify the properties of entities & are represented by

E-R Diagram
ADDRE
SS
SL_NO EMAIL

GENDE
NAME
USER_DETAILS R

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Name
PHONE
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USERNAME

AGE PASSWORD
USERID

LOGIN

TYPE
SL_NO
Ha
s
a

ADDRESS

DISTANCE NAME
Distance
DISTANCE
FROM BBSR DESCRIPTION ACCOMODATIO
from
FROMdistrict
PLACE
N

DISTANCE COST FOR

PLACE_ID ADDRESS
FROM DISTRICT AC

PLACE_DETAILS
Ha Cost for
COST FORNon-
HOTEL_DETAILS AC
NON-AC
DISTRICT s
a
AREA_TYPE Type Cost for AC
STRENGTH
SPECIALITY
COMMUNICATION PLACE_ID HOTEL_NA
CHANNEL
HOTEL_ID ME

Hotel_id

F_id
F_ID
ADDRESS SLNO

SUBJECT

FEEDBACK_DETAILS
FEEDBACK VEHICLE_DETAILS NO OF VEHICLES

DATE OF
FEEDBACK

COMMENT USERID
S

ADMIN ER TYPE_OF_VEHICLE

doj C_f_name
C_name
Dist1

Profile_id
2
Profile_master

Has
Topten_master
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Ha
Ha s
s
Reference_master

User_login_master
Profile_id Intro_id

User_pswps Profile_id Profile_id count

w Ha
s

inactive

no
Profile_id

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Gantt chart

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GANTT CHART

YEAR 2012

Jan 20th Feb 25th March 5th April 10th May 10th May 28th

G D

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Database
Design

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TABLES SPECIFICATION:

TABLE NAME: USER_DETAILS

PRIMARY KEY: SL_NO
FOREIGN KEY: USERID (LOGIN(SL_NO))

TABLE NAME: LOGIN

PRIMARY KEY: SL_NO

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TABLE NAME: PLACE_DETAILS

PRIMARY KEY: PLACE_ID

TABLE NAME: HOTEL_DETAILS

PRIMARY KEY: HOTEL_ID
FOREIGN KEY: PLACE_ID (PLACE_DETAILS (PLACE_ID))

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TABLE NAME: VEHICLE_DETAILS

PRIMARY KEY: SL_NO

TABLE NAME: FEEDBACK_DETAILS

PRIMARY KEY: FEEDBACK_ID

TABLE NAME: BOOK

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PRIMARY KEY: BOOK_ID

FOREIGN KEY: HOTEL_ID (HOTEL_DETAILS (HOTEL_ID))
FOREIGN KEY: USER_ID (LOGIN (SL_NO))

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Screen Shots

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Home Page

Figure – 1

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Registration page

Figure – 2

Login

Figure – 3

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Admin Home

Figure – 4

Place Management Page

Figure – 5

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Hotel Management Page

Figure – 6

Vehicle Management Page

Figure – 7

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View Feedback Page

Figure – 8

User Home Page

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Figure – 9

View Places

Figure – 10

View Hotels

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Figure – 11

Give Feedback

Figure – 12

Book Page

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Figure – 13

Change Password

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Figure – 14

System Testing

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Testing:

After completed all the coding we have our proposed system developed. But how will the
client believe that the developed system is up to his requirement? For this testing is essential.

To error is human. In this stage we cannot claim the cent% perfection of our system.
Different factors are responsible for our system not to become error free. It may be the
communication difference between out client and us. May be some short of negligence from
our side of may be the time constraint.
So , testing is a vital instrument that makes our system acceptable.
Basically, our System is tested for achieving 5 factors. These are:

 Online response
 Volume of transaction.
 Stress testing
 Recovery & Security
 Usability

Unit Testing:

Unit testing is done for each of the program we have done. Our overall system consists of 30-
34 independent program module is tested individually for checking their proper functionality.
We have done this by debugging all independent modules & running them by giving adequate
input necessary for each module.

Checking:

We have to check, whether:

 The data validation is done properly or not.
 Invoking another servlet program properly or not.
 One module is supplying proper value(s) to another module or not

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System Testing:

System testing is the last step for validating our system before its implementation.
As we have mentioned earlier the 5 objectives of testing are tested then.

(i) Online Response

It is the response time checking. In this we have to check that the user should not face any
hardship while using the software. Since our application is web based it is very important
for the user’s part of view it.

We have tested this by giving different transaction on our different pages & observing the
downloading time of different pages i.e. activating of our different programs.

For achieving the quicker response time have reduced some unnecessary picture. We have
also used some efficient methods available in java programming language, which are
quicker functionality than other.

(ii) Volume of Transaction:

Here the user has provided the maximum volume of the data to see whether within that
volume the system works properly or not.

(iii) Stress Testing:

Basic purpose of stress is to provide whether the system is taking the maximum stress
or not. i.e .the system behaves properly under peak load or not.
This testing is done by providing voluminous data collected from the user.

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(iv)Recovery & Security:

For system recovery & security we are not so much concerned . Because the software
we used have its own recovery & security measures.
How ever for Login purpose we have used session concept for a secure Login.

(V)Usability:

Usability test refers the user- friendly nature of our system. It is mostly related to normal
operation & error handling procedures. For this purpose we have given easily assessable
menus and good user interface.

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Conclusion

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Conclusion:
 The project has been appreciated by all the users in the organization as a good CMS
site, which will cutoff the maintenance charge as well as time to update the different
modules.
 It is easy to use, since it uses the GUI provided in the user dialog.
 User friendly screens are provided.
 The usage of software increases the efficiency, decreases the effort.
 It has been thoroughly tested and implemented.
 Any endeavor is incomplete without the spirit of teamwork and the RSAT is no
different. I could not only muster up support for hosting and fostering this project.
But also gather up the enthusiastic team

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Bibliography

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Apart from the immense effort and support from all the team members,friends, there was a
need of referring the following books. Besides that many websites also were visited to get
some idea about designing the proposed application successfully.

LIST OF REFERRED BOOKS:

 Fundamentals of Software Engineering by RajibMall,Eastern Economy Edition

“2008”.
 Professional Ado.net Programing with Sql Server & Oracle
 Professional Asp.net 2.0
 JavaScript Bible by Danny Goodman and Michael Morrison 5th Edition “2007”.
 Advance Java Script by Martin , Edition “2006”.

LIST OF WEBSITES VISITED:

 www.w3schools.com
 www.tizag.com
 www.microsoft.com
 www.codeproject .com
 www.google.com
 www.esnips.com