GB Implementation & Challenges in Indonesia

Jatmika Adi Suryabrata

Department of Architecture and Planning, Universitas Gadjah Mada
Green Building Design
• The Drivers
• The Opportunities
• The Challenges
The Drivers
Drivers for green buildings- Ecology
Drivers for green buildings- Ecology

60% heat wasted in power

plants
8-12% transmission loss
Drivers for green buildings- Ecology
Water Challenges in Indonesia. Although Indonesia enjoys 21 percent of the total freshwater available in
the Asia-Pacific region, many of the country’s water security issues are tied to its rapid development,
poor urban infrastructure, and stretched institutional capacity

Building consumes
around 12% of clean
water
Floods
Land subsidence
Lack of clean water

Buildings consume about 30% of all freshwater. A significant

portion of it can be saved or recycled.
Drivers for green buildings- Ecology
 Drivers for green buildings- Social

438.777.420
INDONESIA'S URBAN POPULATION

380.742.328
291.347.596
222.293.000
160.943.057
109.387.114
80.564.904

Source: World Bank

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2016

More people are moving to the cities, increasing the demand for more building space.
Emisi Sektor Bangunan

Source: IPCC A1 scenario, www.ipcc.ch

More than 50% of new building constructions in the next ten years is located in
Asia, which a large part of it in East Asia and Pacific Region (including Indonesia).
Source: Pike Research, September 2011.
Indonesian Construction Growth

350

10%
300 Average annual
construction growth

250

200

USD Billions

150

100

50

0
2011 2012 (e) 2013 (f) 2014 (f) 2015 (f) 2016 (f) 2017 (f) 2018 (f) 2019 (f) 2020 (f) 2021 (f) 2022 (f)
Buildings 47,4 52,5 60,3 71,9 87,3 105,7 128,6 155,7 188,1 226,2 270,1 321,8

• By 2030, 71% of the Indonesian population will be in the cities

• Building sector emissions are expected to grow annually at 4.5% 11
 Drivers for green buildings- Social

INDONESIA -POVERTY AS % OF POPULATION

57,3

39,8

21,6

18,4

15,9

13,6

11,8

9,8

8,3

7,5

6,8

0
1990 2000 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Source: World Bank

Income and lifestyles of urban residents are thus increasing demand for amenities such as air-
conditioning, refrigerators and hot water. This puts a lot of burden on the existing infrastructure.
Drivers for green buildings- Social
Drivers for green buildings - Ecology
Indonesia Primary Energy consumption scenario

Source: Energy [r]evolution. A sustainable Indonesia energy outlook

 Energy Performance comparisons

297 293
300 270
240
250 225

200 175
160
140
150 japan
100 Jakarta

50

0
IFC Study 2011
JICA Study 2009 Hospital Shopping Hotel Office
Mall
Drivers for green buildings- Regulations
Jakarta, Bandung, Semarang (Surabaya, Makasar)
Jakarta Green Building Grand
Design – launched in 2016

100% new Building and 60% existing buildings comply Green Buildings
requirements in 2030*

Most National governments have set targets for GHG emission reductions. Building
efficiency improvement offers the lowest cost opportunity to contribute to national targets.
 Drivers for green buildings- Economy
INDONESIA
Indonesia’s estimated climate-
smart business investment
potential is over $274 billion. In
the sectors considered, investment
in renewable energy accounts for
almost $23 billion by 2030, with
under half of this ($9 billion) for
biomass and the other half for
geothermal energy ($10 billion)
and small hydropower ($3 billion).
Investments in transport are
estimated at nearly $20 billion for
low-carbon, resilient ports, rail,
roads, and other critical
infrastructure by 2030, while
construction of new green
buildings will require almost
$209 billion.
 Drivers for green buildings- Economy

GREEN CONSTRUCTION FINANCE GREEN MORTGAGES HOME IMPROVEMENT LOANS

BUILDERS BANKS BUYERS

HIGHER RESALE VALUE

HIGHER SALE PRICE LOWER UTILITY BILLS UK: +10%-14%9

Portland: 8% more1 QUICKER SALE Netherlands: +3.7%10
California: +8.7% 11
Seattle: 9% more2 Switzerland: .5%- 7%12
LOWER DEFAULT RATE
Singapore: 4% more3

USA: 15% less6

Portland: -18 days4 Radisson Hotels:
up to 30% less
Seattle: 4 times5
USA: 32% less8

The benefits have been quantified in several countries now.

 Drivers for green buildings- Economy

There is increasing awareness among buyers, renters and investors globally that green buildings are good investment
The Opportunities – case projects
Gedung Utama Kementerian PU
 Building form & orientation
Yearly Average of Surface Exterior Solar Incident on
West, South, East, North, and Horizontal Surfaces(W/m2)
1000
Surface Exterior Solar Incident (W/m2)

800

600
West
South
400
East

200
North
Horizontal
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 101112131415161718192021222324
Hourly Data

Original block plan:

Larger area of the building is oriented to east
and west
Building form & orientation  minimize exposure to east and
west solar radiation

Original building form Modified building form

Modified Building form:

1. Reduced surface exposure of the working spaces to east and west sun
2. Narrow building form  improve daylight performance
 Solar Gain Exterior Windows (kW)
70

60

50

Pre-Design
40
Design01
Design02
30
Design03
20
Design04

(Pre-Design) Clear Glass no

10 0
Insulation

0 1 Clear Glass no Insulation

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041424344454647
2 Stopsol Darkblue no Insulation
3 Stopsol Darkblue + Insulation
Stopsol Darkblue + Insulation +
4
Shading
Building form & orientation  orienting windows to north and south

Opaque walls Windows glass

Windows with perforated metal shading on west side
Daylighting  light shelves for better daylight distribution

Return air

thermal insulation
Daylight Performance  narrow building span & light shelves
Daylighting with lightshelf
Automatic Lighting Control Zone  saving electric lighting energy
consumption > 30%

Daylight sensors
Movement sensors
Timer
Energy cost Savings
+ IDR 230 mil/mo
124 kWh/m2.yr
Platinum Chiller 600 TR
certification by
GBCI
225 kWh/m2.yr
Winner 2014 Chiller 700 TR
ASEAN Energy
Awards for
Energy Efficient
new & large
Building

Winner 2016
ASEAN Energy
Awards for
Green Building
Ministry of Marine Affair and Fisheries
OTTV 35 W/m2
IKE 130 kWh/m2.yr
BIG IDEA

KAPAL PINISI GMB IV KKP

ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Building Form & Orientation

Most of the windows are oriented north and south to

minimize solar heat gain
Opaque wall on east and west facades

16 meter Narrow building form,

improve daylight performance

16 meter
ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Shading & Building Skin

Glass Material : Asahimas 8mm Stopsol Supersilver Grey

SHGC : 0.423
U-value : 5.731
Visible Trans. : 0.226

WWR : 45.20%
OTTV manual : 44.25 w/m²
gypsum
OTTV simulasi : 37.62 w/m²

Outside view : 94.00%

Curtain wall
4.20 m 2.00 m

gypsum

OUTSIDE INSIDE
ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Daylighting

Light shelves
Reduce heat gain
Better daylight distribution
(more uniform and deeper penetration)

INSIDE OUTSIDE
 ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Shading & Building Skin
ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Highly Energy Efficient Lighting System

Daylight sensor
Lighting System : T-5 electronic ballast
Density Power :
Office : 7.78 - 8.13 w/m²
Service : 3.89 - 6.82 w/m²
Parking : 1.49 w/m²
Sensor : Daylight Sensor

Daylight sensor
ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Daylighting

Standar illum. : 300 lux 300 lux

Area daylight : 33.00% 200 lux
100 lux
Conditioned Area
18,695.35 m³
Energy performance Index
95.30 kWh/m²/year
Greenship Gold Certified
No additional Cost

Firs winner 2018 Subroto Awards

for Energy Efficient New Large
Building
Firs Runner-up 2018 ASEAN
Energy Awards for Energy
Efficient New Large Building

Penghematan per tahun:

Listrik:
(225 – 95) x 1450 x 18695 =
Rp. 3,524,007,500
Air:
(50 – 22,69) x 1.408 x (12,500 – 5000) =
Rp 269,167,360 (PAM)
(50 – 22,69) x 1.408 x (23,333 – 5000) =
Rp. 704,949,315 (Deep well).
 TARIF BIAYA AIR BIAYA AIR PER- BESAR PENGHAMATAN
PEMAKAIAN TAHUN
NO. ITEM AIR (JUTA (MILAYAR
(M3/HARI)
(RP/M3) RP/HARI) (MILYAR RP.) RP/TAHUN)*
AIR PAM 12.55 4,29
1 2.200 27,61 10,08
0
AIR TANAH DALAM 23.33 12,95
2 2.200 51,33 18,74
3
BIAYA PENGOLAHAN AIR
3 2.200 1.400 3,08 1,12 -
BEKAS
AIR HASIL REKLAMASI
4 AIR BEKAS (USED WATER 2.200 7.211 15,86 5,79 0
RECLAMATION)
TOTAL BIAYA INVESTASI
5 USED WATER 15.00
RECLAMATION PLANT
PERIODE PAYBACK 3,5/1,16
(TAHUN)
Green design / passive design / bioclimatic design
Is not a style ….
It is a design principles
Renzo Piano, 88th Philip St, Sydney
Norman Foster
Thermal comfort:
• Environment
• Physiological/Biological
• Psychological
SOM
SOM
Al Hamra Tower, Kuwait by SOM
Pertamina Energy Tower
555 M (TOWER HEIGHT)
569 M (ELEVATION)
Passive Design Strategies:

Building orientation

Window to wall ratio

Glazing Performance (Solar Heat Gain Coefficient)

Shading devices & double facades system

Active Design Strategies:

Highly efficient AC System

Right & not oversized AC system
Heat Recovery/Heat exchanger

Automatic Control via BAS/BMS

High Performance lighting system & design

The challenges
BUILDING GREEN DOES NOT HAVE TO COST MORE

World Green Building Council 2013

71
Construction cost for Green Building
The eight LEED Bronze buildings had an average cost premium of less than 1 percent. The eighteen
Silver buildings averaged a 2.1-percent cost premium, while the six Gold buildings had an average
premium of 1.8 percent. The single Platinum building was at 6.5 percent.

“… basic green design doesn’t have to cost more. “Good-quality building with basic LEED certification as a
goal shouldn’t cost any more money. If you want to go to a higher level of green, such as photovoltaics,
underfloor air distribution, or something more exotic, it’s going to cost more,” he says. “Most of the
designers we work with do the right thing in the first place to make the building well-insulated, and
specify good mechanical systems, good lighting, and materials that are non-toxic. Most designers are
doing that as a matter of standard procedure.”
http://www.buildings.com/article-details/articleid/3029/title/the-true-costs-of-building-green.aspx
 Concept Schematic Design Construction Construction Commissioning
design design Development Drawing

Effort/Cost

Energy Saving Potential

http://www.beepindia.org/sites/default/files/u33/Integrated%20Design%20Charrette%20image.jpg

The early the integrated design team fully involved the greater the potential energy saving.
Few architects with adequate engineering
background

More on art than engineering

 http://www.ics.ele.tue.nl/~akash/maartje/pictures/x_passive.jpg

Diagrammatic conceptual design is not sufficient.

Quantitative analysis is needed
Easy to understand  simple design tools
0.00%
MEETS EDGE ENERGY STANDARD
http://task23.iea-shc.org/Data/Sites/30/images/design.gif
http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_2eF6r6Rb0F0/SO9mHEQAIWI/AAAAAAAAAKM/nAUD-3DJ6uw/s400/gyrsocope-integrated-design-process.jpg
Thank You