1.

10 Conceptual Framework
Like other managers, head teachers require adequate technical skills to enable them perform their
duties more effectively. To enable them to be effective in the management of pupils‟ behavior,
guidance and counseling skills are needed. These skills can be acquired through in-service courses,
seminars and workshops. The administrator lacks adequate skills, his organization will never realize
its full potential e‟ en though all other conditions for such realization are favorable (Reeder, 1947).
An administrator with adequate skills on the other hand will overcome obstacles and make his or
her Organization function to the highest degree of efficiency. Administrators also need to be
committed and creative in resolving administrative challenges they encounter in the management
their organizations.

Government policies influence school administration positively or negatively depending on how

these polices are implemented, human and physical resources affect the performance of the
schools and in particular the pupils‟ achievement. Educational resources, (human and physical) are
viewed as inputs and achievement as output to a production process (Psacharopoulous and Wood
Halt, 1985). Pupils‟ achievement includes both the behavioral and academic performances. The
conceptual model below shows the major variables that influence efficient and effective
management of pupils.